EP0356718A2 - Procédé pour former par extrusion et modification des propriétés mécaniques des produits semi finis en alliages à partir de poudres métalliques qui ont une résistance augmentée à la chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé pour former par extrusion et modification des propriétés mécaniques des produits semi finis en alliages à partir de poudres métalliques qui ont une résistance augmentée à la chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356718A2
EP0356718A2 EP89113968A EP89113968A EP0356718A2 EP 0356718 A2 EP0356718 A2 EP 0356718A2 EP 89113968 A EP89113968 A EP 89113968A EP 89113968 A EP89113968 A EP 89113968A EP 0356718 A2 EP0356718 A2 EP 0356718A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cross
deformation
extrusion
temperature
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89113968A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0356718B1 (fr
EP0356718A3 (en
Inventor
Malcolm Dr. Couper
Reinhard Fried
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
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Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0356718A2 publication Critical patent/EP0356718A2/fr
Publication of EP0356718A3 publication Critical patent/EP0356718A3/de
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Publication of EP0356718B1 publication Critical patent/EP0356718B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/01—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the further development of shaping processes to achieve optimal microstructures in high-temperature alloys produced from powders with precipitation and / or dispersion hardening.
  • the powder In the production of components from alloys produced by powder metallurgy, the powder is generally cold pre-compressed or poured loosely into a metal capsule and then this blank is further compacted in some way by applying pressure and simultaneously or subsequently subjected to a shaping process. Extrusion, especially hot extrusion, plays an important role in the entire production process. The workpiece is then converted into its final shape by pressing, forging, mechanical processing, etc.
  • the following powders are pressed: - Aluminum alloys, which contain a large number of intermetallic compounds which have been obtained from oversaturated melt by extremely rapid cooling in a very fine distribution. - Oxide dispersion hardened magnesium alloys. - Dispersion hardened copper alloys. - Oxide dispersion hardened nickel-based superalloys.
  • a peculiarity of extrusion is that the semi-finished product obtained has anisotropic properties. It shows different mechanical properties in different directions, which often makes workpieces made of it unusable.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for shaping and improving the mechanical properties, in particular the ductility of powder-metallurgically produced blanks from an alloy with increased heat resistance by extrusion, which is simple and economical and can be carried out with a minimum of machinery and tools .
  • the product should have as isotropic properties as possible and should come as close as possible to the end product in its form.
  • the process is said to be particularly suitable for the mass production of components for thermal machines, the focus being on the use of heat-resistant aluminum alloys.
  • the object is further achieved in that the deformation is carried out in at least two phases, the cross section of the material being first reduced by hot extrusion in a first temperature range and then deformed again in a second temperature range by hot extrusion, whereby Cross section is expanded again in such a way that it is forced directly behind the die to a relatively sharp-edged deflection and to flow transversely to the extrusion direction.
  • 1 schematically shows the sequence of a 1st variant of the method with a double cross-sectional tapering of the workpiece.
  • 1 is a first recipient of an extrusion press, in which there is a blank (pressed body) 2 heated to the temperature T 1, produced by powder metallurgy. 3 is the pressing force prevailing in this first recipient 1.
  • 4 is a second recipient of an extrusion press, 5 the already extruded workpiece located at the temperature T2. 6 is the pressing force. 7 represents the finished semi-finished product. There is a condition that T2 ⁇ T1.
  • FIG. 2 relates to the schematic sequence of a second variant of the method with a cross-sectional taper and a cross-sectional widening of the workpiece.
  • the left side of FIG. 2 with recipient 1, blank 2 and pressing force 3 corresponds exactly to the left side of FIG. 1.
  • 4 is the second recipient of an extrusion press for expanding the cross section of the workpiece (pressing body) 5.
  • the extrusion is carried out under the pressing force 6 at the temperature T2, which can be equal to or less than T1.
  • 8 is an expanded counterpress cylinder, in which a pressing force 9 is exerted in the opposite direction on the finished semi-finished product 7.
  • the finished semi-finished product 7 has the temperature T3, which can be equal to or lower or higher than T1.
  • FIG. 4 shows the schematic sequence of a third variant of the method with a double cross-sectional taper and a cross-sectional expansion of the workpiece.
  • the left side of the figure corresponds exactly to that of FIG. 1, while the right side corresponds approximately to FIG. 3. It is therefore a superposition of the first method step according to FIG. 1 and a second and third method step according to FIG. 3.
  • 11 means the workpiece that has been extruded twice in the constriction. All other reference numerals correspond to those of the previously mentioned figures.
  • T2 ⁇ T1 while T3 can be at least within the framework of the material conditions and can also assume the value of T1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an extrusion press for carrying out a second variant of the method in the position immediately after the start of the press.
  • the extrusion press is drawn with the vertical main axis. However, this can take any position in the room and, for example, also lie horizontally.
  • 12 is a fixed table (base plate) of the press
  • 13 is a movable, hydraulically controlled table of the press.
  • 14 is the recipient I (press cylinder) into which the blank, the pressed material 23 to be deformed, is inserted.
  • 15 is the stamp I, which fits into the recipient I.
  • 16 is a press die made of a heat-resistant material.
  • the recipient II counter-press cylinder
  • the punch II counter-punch
  • 19 is an intermediate piece between the table 13 and the recipient 17, which is used for power transmission.
  • 20 is a hydraulically controlled impression cylinder, in which the counter-pressure piston 21 moves. This carries the stamp 18 via a holder 22. In the present case, the diameters of stamp I (15) and counter-stamp II (18) are the same. During the pressing process, there is therefore intensive kneading of the material (material to be pressed 23) but no permanent change in cross-section.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an extrusion press for carrying out a second variant of the method in the position in the second half of the pressing process. All the reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an extrusion press for carrying out this second variant of the method in the position at the end of the pressing process.
  • the pressing path is exhausted, the recipient I (14) rests with its end face on the table 12.
  • the entire material to be pressed 23 is located in the cavity, which is delimited by the interior of the die 16 and the recipient II (17).
  • the reference symbols correspond exactly to those in FIG. 5.
  • the melt was cooled at a rate of at least 10 ° C / s by sputtering with nitrogen and that Powders produced in this way are processed by cold pressing into a cylindrical blank with a diameter of 200 mm.
  • the blank was degassed in a vacuum and further compressed by hot pressing.
  • the blank 2 was used as a pressed body in the first recipient 1 of an extrusion press and pressed at a temperature T 1 of 400 ° C and a reduction ratio of 8: 1 to a cylindrical rod of 70 mm in diameter.
  • the creep test showed a service life up to breakage of more than 1000 h under a tensile stress of 280 MPa at a temperature of 200 ° C.
  • Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, an alloy was melted, a powder was produced, compressed, degassed and extruded in two steps.
  • the blank 2 had a diameter of 160 mm.
  • the reduction ratio in the first step was 5: 1, the temperature T1 430 ° C, the rod diameter 70 mm.
  • the strength values at room temperature were as follows: along across Stretch limit: 440 430 MPa
  • Elongation (l 5d): 6 1 %
  • a piece of the extruded workpiece 5 of 70 mm in diameter was cut off and compressed under a forging press at a temperature of 350 ° C. in the extrusion direction in such a way that it assumed a diameter of 100 mm.
  • the workpiece 5 was then inserted into a second recipient 4 of an extrusion press and pressed at a temperature of 280 ° C. with a reduction ratio of 5: 1 to a rod of 45 mm in diameter.
  • the workpiece was then annealed at 400 ° C for 2 hours. No change in the mechanical properties, in particular no drop in strength, was found.
  • the tensile test at 300 ° C gave a yield strength of 270 MPa, which remained unchanged even after annealing at 300 ° C for 100 h.
  • Example 1 a magnesium alloy was melted and a powder was produced from it.
  • the powder was mechanically alloyed with 0.8% Al2O3 in the attritor for 10 h and in this way an oxide dispersion hardened alloy was produced.
  • the blank 2 of 150 mm in diameter was used in the first recipient of an extrusion press and pressed at a temperature T 1 of 450 ° C. and a reduction ratio of 6: 1 to a rod of 60 mm in diameter.
  • a section was pressed in a second recipient 4 of an extruder at a temperature T2 of 360 ° C with a reduction ratio of 3: 1 to a rod of 35 mm in diameter.
  • Example 3 Similar to Example 3, an oxide dispersion hardened copper alloy was produced.
  • the processing of the powder mixture was carried out in exactly the same way as in Example 3.
  • the extrusion reduction ratios and dimensions of the workpiece were the same.
  • the temperature T1 was 800 ° C, the temperature T2 650 ° C.
  • the alloy was in the pre-compressed, fine-grained state.
  • a mechanically alloyed powder mixture had served as the starting material.
  • a blank 2 of 75 mm in diameter was used in the first recipient 1 of an extrusion press and pressed at a temperature T 1 of 1050 ° C. and a reduction ratio of 6: 1 to a rod of 30 mm in diameter.
  • a test bar showed very moderate ductility values after recrystallization annealing at 1160 oC, especially in the transverse direction. The elongation was about 5% longitudinally and less than 1% transversely.
  • Example 2 An aluminum alloy was melted exactly as in Example 1 and atomized to a very fine powder.
  • the powder was first cold isostatically pressed to a green body under a pressure of 4000 bar, welded into an aluminum capsule, degassed under vacuum and hot pressed.
  • the density was 77% of the theoretical value.
  • the blank 2 had a diameter of 30 mm. It was used in the first recipient 1 of an extrusion press and pressed at a temperature T1 of 380 ° C with a reduction ratio of 4: 1 to a rod of 15 mm in diameter.
  • the mechanical properties of the workpiece after this first process step were as follows at room temperature: along across Stretch limit: 380 350 MPa
  • Elongation (l 5d): 4th 2nd %
  • the creep test showed a service life up to breakage of more than 2000 h under a tensile stress of 260 MPa at a temperature of 210 ° C.
  • the melt was atomized in a stream of argon to a fine-grained powder and this was then alloyed mechanically with 1% MgO in the attritor for 12 h.
  • a heat-resistant oxide dispersion-hardened magnesium alloy was produced in this way.
  • the powder was cold-isostatically pressed under a pressure of 4500 bar, sealed in a capsule made of pure magnesium and degassed under vacuum.
  • the blank 2 had a diameter of 60 mm.
  • the blank 2 was used as a compact in the first recipient 1 of an extrusion press and pressed at a temperature T1 of 380 ° C with a reduction ratio of 4: 1 to a cylindrical rod of 30 mm in diameter.
  • a piece of this rod (workpiece 5) was cut off and further processed in an extruder in a second recipient 4.
  • the extrusion press had a cross-section constriction (die) 10 and an extended counterpressure cylinder 8.
  • T2 240 ° C
  • T3 a temperature T3 of 250 ° C.
  • the reduction ratio was 3: 1, so that the workpiece 11 in the constriction 10 still had a diameter of 17 mm.
  • the expansion ratio was 1: 3.
  • the finished semi-finished product 7 thus had a diameter of 30 mm.
  • the dispersoid was mechanically alloyed in the attritor with the matrix in powder form.
  • the powder mixture was cold-isostatically pressed, welded into a soft copper capsule, evacuated and hot compressed again.
  • the blank 2 had a diameter of 30 mm.
  • the blank 2 was then further processed into an extrusion press with a first recipient 1 and an expanded counter-press cylinder 8 and a cross-sectional constriction 10.
  • the temperature T1 was 700 ° C
  • the reduction ratio was 4.5: 1, so that the strand still had a diameter of 14 mm.
  • the expansion ratio was 1: 5.
  • the finished semi-finished product 7 had a diameter of 32 mm.
  • the mechanical strength values at room temperature were: along across Stretch limit: 580 535 MPa
  • Tensile strenght: 1150 1030 MPa Elongation (l 5d): 4.5 4th % Constriction: 10th 9 %
  • An oxide dispersion-hardened nickel-based superalloy with the trade name MA 6000 was chosen as the alloy: the composition can be seen from Example 5.
  • the starting material corresponded exactly to the information given under this example.
  • a blank with a diameter of 40 mm was inserted into the recipient I (14 in FIG. 5) of a double-acting extrusion press and was pressed through the press die 16 by means of a punch I (15) with a reduction ratio of 4: 1.
  • the temperature in recipient I was 980 ° C.
  • recipient II (17) a back pressure of 10,000 bar was built up as a hydrostatic pressure by means of stamp II (18). Both recipients (14, 17) were reinforced with cooled, external reinforcement rings in order to withstand the respectable pressures.
  • the press die 16 consisted of the molybdenum alloy TZM, was reinforced by outer rings and had a bore of 15 mm in diameter.
  • the recipient II had a bore of 30 mm in diameter, so that the expansion ratio was 1: 4.
  • the temperature T3 in recipient II was 1030 ° C.
  • the mechanical values at room temperature were as follows (after zone annealing): along across Stretch limit: 960 540 MPa
  • Elongation (l 5d): 6 3.5 %
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments.
  • the method is carried out by successively performing the deformation in at least two different temperature ranges, the material first being reduced in its cross section in an upper temperature range T 1 by hot extrusion and then deformed again in a lower temperature range T 2 by hot extrusion , with its cross-section being further reduced.
  • the alloy with increased heat resistance is a precipitation hardenable high temperature aluminum alloy made from oversaturated melt by extremely high cooling rate or an oxide dispersion hardened magnesium alloy or a precipitation hardenable oxide dispersion hardened copper alloy or an oxide dispersion hardened nickel base superalloy.
  • the first deformation in the temperature range T1 from 360 to 450 ° C with a first reduction ratio of 4: 1 to 8: 1 and the second deformation in the temperature range T2 from 200 to 350 ° C with a second reduction ratio of 2 : 1 to 6: 1 carried out such that the total reduction ratio is 8: 1 to 40: 1.
  • the blank 2 made of powder-metallurgically produced aluminum alloy is cold-isostatically pre-pressed and degassed or cold-isostatically pre-pressed, degassed and further cold or warm compressed.
  • the workpiece is deformed between the two extrusion process steps by upsetting in the extrusion direction (hot forging) in such a way that its cross section is expanded.
  • the method is also carried out by carrying out the deformation in at least two phases, the material being first reduced in its cross section in a first temperature range T 1 by hot extrusion and then in a second temperature range T 2; T3 is deformed again by hot extrusion, its cross section being expanded again in such a way that it is immediately behind the die 10; 16 is forced to a relatively sharp-edged deflection and to flow transversely to the extrusion direction.
  • the first deformation in the temperature range T1 from 360 to 450 ° C with a reduction ratio of 4: 1 and the second, the expansion of the cross section serving deformation in the temperature range T2; T3 from 200 to 500 ° C with an expansion ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 8 performed.
  • the second deformation which serves to expand the cross section, can just cancel itself out, so that the product becomes 1 and, in the end, the workpiece has the unchanged cross section of the blank.
  • the existing cross-section reduction and cross-section expansion is a cross-section reduction by extrusion with a reduction ratio of 4: 1 to 8: 1 in the temperature range T1 of 360 to 450 ° C upstream.
  • the second deformation is advantageously carried out under hydrostatic pressure or under superimposition of isostatic pressure in the sense of a combined extrusion and hot isostatic pressing.
  • the first and second deformations are preferably carried out simultaneously, but locally separated, in an extrusion press which consists of two recipients 14; 19, an intermediate die 16 and two punches 15; 18 exists, the latter executing an axial movement in the same direction with respect to the center of the die 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP89113968A 1988-08-02 1989-07-28 Procédé pour former par extrusion et modification des propriétés mécaniques des produits semi finis en alliages à partir de poudres métalliques qui ont une résistance augmentée à la chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP0356718B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2895/88 1988-08-02
CH289588 1988-08-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356718A2 true EP0356718A2 (fr) 1990-03-07
EP0356718A3 EP0356718A3 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0356718B1 EP0356718B1 (fr) 1994-01-19

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EP89113968A Expired - Lifetime EP0356718B1 (fr) 1988-08-02 1989-07-28 Procédé pour former par extrusion et modification des propriétés mécaniques des produits semi finis en alliages à partir de poudres métalliques qui ont une résistance augmentée à la chaleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4992238A (fr)
EP (1) EP0356718B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02163305A (fr)
DE (2) DE3919107A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2168392C2 (ru) * 1998-12-28 2001-06-10 Егоров Сергей Николаевич Способ изготовления беспористых порошковых изделий
CN107150123A (zh) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-12 中原大学 金属射出与反压系统及其方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04272616A (ja) * 1991-02-27 1992-09-29 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd 超電導線材及びその製造方法
US5561829A (en) * 1993-07-22 1996-10-01 Aluminum Company Of America Method of producing structural metal matrix composite products from a blend of powders
DE19747257C2 (de) * 1997-10-25 2001-04-26 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Vorrichtung zur Kapselung von Rohlingen aus metallischen Hochtemperatur-Legierungen
US7625520B2 (en) * 2003-11-18 2009-12-01 Dwa Technologies, Inc. Manufacturing method for high yield rate of metal matrix composite sheet production
ITTO20040169A1 (it) * 2004-03-15 2004-06-15 Teksid Aluminum S R L Sistema di tenuta per recipienti ad alte pressioni ed alte temperature
DE102006043502B4 (de) * 2006-09-12 2008-11-27 Technische Universität Berlin Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines gepreßten Stranges mittels Strangpressen
CN111283010B (zh) * 2020-03-16 2025-03-18 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 一种挤压机铸锭回退自动控制装置及方法
CN114345970B (zh) * 2021-12-06 2023-09-22 江苏理工学院 一种高强耐蚀铝合金钻杆及其制备方法

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US1144595A (en) * 1910-03-25 1915-06-29 Westinghouse Lamp Co Process for manufacturing incandescent filaments.
US3084042A (en) * 1960-02-23 1963-04-02 Du Pont Metal production
US3226267A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-12-28 Dow Chemical Co High strength aluminum alloy extrusion process and product
US3899325A (en) * 1969-07-14 1975-08-12 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of making a closed end tube
US3955933A (en) * 1972-02-29 1976-05-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Magnesium-boron particulate composites
US3922182A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-11-25 Int Nickel Co Alloy adapted for furnace components
US4143208A (en) * 1974-04-19 1979-03-06 Granges Nyby Ab Method of producing tubes or the like and capsule for carrying out the method as well as blanks and tubes according to the method
DE2419014C3 (de) * 1974-04-19 1985-08-01 Nyby Bruks AB, Nybybruk Verfahren zum Herstellen von Rohren aus rostfreiem Stahl und Anwendung des Verfahrens auf das Herstellen von Verbundrohren
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CH675089A5 (fr) * 1988-02-08 1990-08-31 Asea Brown Boveri

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2168392C2 (ru) * 1998-12-28 2001-06-10 Егоров Сергей Николаевич Способ изготовления беспористых порошковых изделий
CN107150123A (zh) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-12 中原大学 金属射出与反压系统及其方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3919107A1 (de) 1990-02-08
EP0356718B1 (fr) 1994-01-19
US4992238A (en) 1991-02-12
DE58906745D1 (de) 1994-03-03
JPH02163305A (ja) 1990-06-22
EP0356718A3 (en) 1990-03-21

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