Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• This invention pertains to substituted indazoles. agricultural compositions containing them and a method for using the indazoles to control insects.
• R 2 and R 3 are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, pyridyl or thienyl optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl or nitro, or a phenyl group optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxy, mono or dialkylamino, nitro, phenyl optionally substituted with halogen, or cyano; Y is halogen, NO 2 , alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxy, dialkylamino alkylsulfonyl, acyl, acylamino, cyano, or a phenyl optionally substituted with halogen; and X is O or S.
• Formula I including all geometric and stereoisomers, agriculturally suitable salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as insecticides:
• A is a 1, 2 or 3-atoro bridge having 0 to 3 carbon atoms and 0 to 1 oxygen atom, NR 6 group, or S(O) q group, wherein each carbon individually can be substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from 1 to 2 halogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 2 to C 4 alkoxycarbonyl or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from W and one of the carbon atoms can be C(O) or C(S);
• B is H, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 to C 6 alkenyl, C 2 to C 6 haloalkenyl, C 2 to C 6 alkynyl, OR 7 , C 2 to C 6 alkoxyalkyl, C 2 to C 6 cyanoalkyl, C 3 to C 8 alkoxycarbonylalkyl,
• J is H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl or phenyl optionally substituted with W;
• K is H or CH 3 ;
• W is halogen, CN, NO 2 , C 1 to C 2 alkyl, C 1 to C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 to C 2 alkoxy, C 1 to C 2 haloalkoxy, C 1 to C 2 alkylthio, C 1 to C 2 haloalkylthio, C 1 to C 2 alkylsulfonyl or C 1 to C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl:
• R 1 , R 2 and R 5 are independently R 3 , halogen, CN, N 3 , SCN , NO 2 , OR 3 , SR 3 , SOR 3 , SO 2 R 3 ,
• R 1 , R 2 or R 5 can be taken together to form a 5 or 6 membered fused ring as
• R 3 is H, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 to C 6 alkenyl, C 2 to C 6 haloalkenyl, C 2 to
• R 4 is H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl or R 3 and R 4 can be taken together as (CH 2 ) 4 , (CH 2 ) 5 or
• R 6 is H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, C 1 to C 4 haloalkyl,
• R 7 is H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, C 2 to C 4 alkenyl,
• Y is H, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, benzyl, C 2 to C 6 alkoxyalkyl, CHO, C 2 to C 6 alkylcarbonyl,
• Preferred compounds (A) are those of Formula I wherein Q is
• R 8 is H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1-3 substituents selected from W; and g is 0, 1 or 2.
• Preferred compounds (B) are preferred compounds
• B is H, C 1 to C 6 alkyl.
• C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl C 2 to C 6 alkenyl, C 2 to C 6 alkynyl, C 2 to C 6 alkoxyalkyl, C 3 to C 8 alkoxycarbonylalkyl.
• Y is H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl.
• SCH 3 SCCl 3 , SO 2 CH 3 , SC 6 H 5 , 2-NO 2 -C 6 H 4 S, C(O)CH 3 ,
• Preferred compounds (C) are preferred compounds
• B wherein B is H, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 4 alkoxycarbonylalkyl. CO 2 R 3 , C(O)R 3 , phenyl or phenyl substituted by (R 5 ) p ;
• J is H; K is H; R 1 is H, halogen.
• R 2 and R 5 are H, R 3 , halogen, CN, SCN, NO 2 , OR 3 , SR 3 , SO 2 R 3 , OC(O)R 3 , OSO 2 R 3 , CO 2 R 3 .
• R 3 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl. C 3 -C 4 alkenyl or propargyl;
• R 4 and R 8 are H or CH 3 ;
• Preferred compounds (D) are preferred compounds (C) wherein
• R 1 is Cl, F, Br, CF 3 , CN, OCF 3 , OCF 2 H or SCF 2 H;
• R 2 is H, Cl, F, Br, CN, CF 3 , CH 3 , OCF 2 H, OCF 3 ,
• SCH 3 SCF 2 H, SO 2 CH 3 or NO 2 ;
• R 6 is H or CH 3 ;
• B is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CO 2 CH 3 , CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , phenyl or phenyl substituted by halogen.
• CN, CF 3 oorr NO 2 , and; Y is H.
• Preferred compounds (E) are preferred compounds (D) wherein
• Preferred compounds (F) are preferred compounds (D) wherein
• Q is Q-2;
• Specifically preferred compounds are preferred compounds (E) : Methyl 3 , 3a , 4 , 5-tetrahydro-2- [ [ 4- (trifluoromethyl)phenylamino]carbonyl]-2H-benz- [g]indazole-3a-carboxylate, (G) Methyl 7-chloro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2-[[4- trifluoromethyl)phenylamino]carbonyl]- 2H-benz[g]indazole-3a-carboxylate, (H) 7-Chloro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-benz[g]indazole-2- carboxamide, (I) Methyl 6-fluoro-3.3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2-[[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenylamino]carbonyl]-2H- benz[g]indazole-3a-
• Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by the reaction of aryl isocyanates of Formula II and substituted indazoles of Formula III as shown in Scheme I. Typical reactions involve the combination of eq ⁇ imolar amounts of II and III in conventional organic solvents including ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methylene chloride, chloroform and benzene. The reaction can be run at temperatures ranging from about -20°C to 100°C with temperatures in the range of about -10° to 30oC generally preferred.
• Substituted indazoles of Formula III. where B is equal to H can be prepared by the reaction of hydrazine with an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketone of Formula IV (or their precursors) by procedures well documented in the chemical literature (Scheme 2).
• Scheme 2 For a review of pyrazoline synthesis, see E1-Rayyes and A1-Awadi, Synthesis. 1028 (1985).
• literature describing the synthesis of 3.4- and 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolines. which can be applied to the synthesis of compounds of Formula III. where B is H. see U.S. Patent 3,991,073 and U.S. Patent 4,070,365.
• Useful base for this reaction includes lithium dialkylamides such as lithium diisopropylamide and lithium tetramethylpiperide.
• alkyl lithium reagents such as n-butyllithium and metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.
• Deprotonation of compounds of Formula I, where B is equal to hydrogen, may require two equivalents of base when Y is equal to hydrogen.
• the reaction can be conducted in many conventional organic solvents and in certain instances a cosolvent may be useful. Suitable solvents include diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dimethylformamide. hexamethylphosphoramide. benzene and the like.
• Suitable electrophilic reagents for reaction with the metallated Formula I compounds include alkyl and substituted alkyl halides. alkyl chloroformates, acyl halides. isocyanates, dialkyl carbamoylhalides and related electrophiles which will be known to those skilled in the art.
• E + is an electrophi lic reagent
• E is an electrophile and PG is representative of a suitable nitrogenprotecting group .
• Formula III compounds where B is equal to hydroxy are prepared by the reaction of hydrazine with a suitably substituted epoxide of Formula VI (Scheme 5. Reaction 1).
• the epoxides are available from the enones of Formula IV by procedures known in the art, the most widely employed method being epoxidation via the use alkaline hydrogen peroxide (see. e.g., Wasson and House, Org. Syn., Coll. Vol. 4. 552 (1963)).
• Compounds of Formula III where B is equal to OR 7 and R 7 is other than hydrogen may be prepared from the Formula III compounds where B is equal to hydroxy via reaction with electrophilic reagents such as alkyl halides, acyl halides. alkyl chloroformates, chlorosulfonates. isocyanates and dialkyl carbamoylhalides (Scheme 5, Reaction 2).
• electrophilic reagents such as alkyl halides, acyl halides. alkyl chloroformates, chlorosulfonates. isocyanates and dialkyl carbamoylhalides (Scheme 5, Reaction 2).
• Compounds of Formula III where B is phenyl or substituted phenyl may be prepared by reaction of a substituted ketone of Formula VIII with hydrazine.
• the Formula VIII compounds are in turn prepared from compounds of Formula VII in a two-step, process involving first an aldol or Mannich type reaction on the Formula VII compound followed by conversion of the hydroxyl or dialkylamino group to a leaving group L, examples of which include conversion to the chloride, bromide, tosylate or mesylate by procedures well known in the art.
• Step A ((2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl)methanesulfonate
• the crude oil was dissolved in 400 ml of methanol, 100 ml of H 2 O and 40 ml of 50% aqueous NaOH. The reaction was stirred overnight and the methanol was then removed at reduced pressure. The crude residue was partitioned between H 2 O and ether. the aqueous extracts were acidified with concentrated HCl and then extracted several times with ether. The ether extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate. filtered and concentrated to afford 51.7 g of a yellow oil. The crude residue was dissolved in 200 ml of toluene and heated at reflux for 4 days under N 2 to effect decarboxylation. After this time toluene was removed by concentration at reduced pressure to afford 35.72 g of a yellow oil.
• Step D 7-chloro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-N-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-benz[g]- indazole-2-carboxamide
• This compound was dissolved in 25 ml of ethanol and 1.5 ml of hydrazine hydrate was added followed by 5 to 6 drops of 50% sodium hydroxide. The reaction was then heated at reflux, under N 2 , for 2 to 3 hrs after which time it was cooled and most of the ethanol was removed by concentration at reduced pressure. The crude residue was partitioned between saturated aq ⁇ eous sodium bicarbonate and methylene chloride. The methylene chloride extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The methylene chloride extracts were then combined with 3.5 g of 4-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate and stirred under N 2 overnight.
• Step A 7-chloro-3-[(diraethylamino)methyl]-2,3- dihydro-4H-1-benzothiopyran-4-one
• step B 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4H-1- benzothiopyran-4-one
• Step C 7-chloro-3-[(diroethylamino)methyl]- 2,3-dihydro-2,2-diroethyl-4H-1- benzothiopyran-4-one
• Step D 7-chloro-2,3, 3a, 4-tetrahydro-4, 4-dimethyl- N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole-2-carboxamide
• Step A 4-chloro-2-(2-phenylethyl)benzeneacetic acid. methyl ester
• Step D 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2- [(methylsulfonyloxy)methyl]-1(2H)-naphthalenone
• Step E 3a-(4-chlorophenyl)-3.3a,4,5-tetrahydro-N- [4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H-benz[g]indazole-2-carboxamide
• the compounds of this invention will generally be used in formulation with an agriculturally suitable carrier comprising a liquid or solid diluent or an organic solvent.
• Useful formulations of the compounds of Formula 1 can be prepared in conventional ways. They include dusts, granules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dry flowables and the like. Many of these can be applied directly. Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes of from about one to several hundred liters per hectare. High strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation.
• the formulations broadly, contain about 1% to 99% by weight of active ingredient(s) and at least one of a) about 0.1% to 20% surfactant (s) and b) about 5% to 99% solid or liquid diluent(s). More specifically, they will contain effective amounts of these ingredients in the following approximate proportions:
• Emulsions, Solutions, (including Emulsifiable Concentrates) are Emulsions, Solutions, (including Emulsifiable Concentrates).
• Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell. New Jersey. The more absorptive diluents are preferred for wettable powders and the denser ones for dusts.
• Typical liquid diluents and solvents are described in Marsden, “Solvents Guide,” 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. Solubility under 0.1% is preferred for suspension concentrates; solution concentrates are preferably stable against phase separation at 0oC. "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", Allured Publ. Corp..
• the ingredients are combined and stirred with gentle warming to speed solution.
• a fine screen filter is included in packaging operation to insure the absence of any extraneous undissolved material in the product.
• the active ingredient warmed to reduce viscosity, is sprayed onto the inert materials in a blender. After grinding in a hammer-mill, the material is re- blended and sifted through a 50 mesh screen.
• Example D Granule
• the active ingredient is dissolved in a suitable solvent and sprayed onto dedusted attapulgite granules in a double cone blender. The granules are warmed to drive off solvent, cooled and packaged.
• the ingredients are blended in a rotating mixer and water sprayed on to accomplish granulation. When most of the material has reached the desired range of 0.1 to 0.42 mm (U.S.S. No. 18 to 40 sieves), the granules are removed, dried, and screened. Oversize material is crushed to produce additional material in the desired range. These granules contain 4.5% active ingredient.
• Compounds of Formula I can also be mixed with one or more other insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, or other biologically active compounds to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of effective agricultural protection.
• Insecticides 3-hydroxy-N-methylcrotonamide(dimethylphosphate)ester (monocrotophos) methylcarbamic acid, ester with 2,3-dihydro-2,2- dimethyl-7-benzofuranol (carbofuran) O-[2,4.5-trichloro- ⁇ -(chloromethyl) benzyl] phosphoric acid, O',O'-dimethyl ester (tetrachlorvinphos)
• 2-mercaptosuccinic acid diethyl ester.
• Fungicides methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate (carbendazim) tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiuram) n-dodecylguanidine acetate (dodine) manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (maneb) 1,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (chloroneb) methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate
• the compounds of the present invention exhibit activity against a wide spectrum of foliar and soil inhabiting insects. Those skilled in the art will recognize that not all compounds are equally effective against all insects, but compounds of this invention display control of many of the economically important pest species of the insect orders Lepidoptera, Homoptera, and Coleoptera among many others.
• the specific species for which control is exemplified below are: fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperdar boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis; southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons: Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens.
• the pest control afforded by the compounds of the present invention is not limited, however, to these species.
• Insects are controlled and agricultural crops are protected by applying one or more of the Formula I compounds of this invention, in an effective amount, to the locus of infestation, to the area to be protected, or directly on the pests to be controlled.
• a preferred method of application is by spraying with spray equipment that distributes the compound on the foliage, in the soil, or to the plant part that is infested or needs to be protected.
• granular formulations of these compounds can be applied to soil or foliage or, optionally, incorporated into the soil. Either aerial or ground application can be used.
• the substituted indazole(s) of this invention can be applied in its(their) pure state, but most often application will be of a formulation comprising one or more compounds of this invention, in an agriculturally suitable carrier or diluent.
• a most preferred method of application involves spraying a water dispersion or refined oil solution of the compounds.
• the rate of application of the Formula I compounds required for effective control will depend on such factors as the species of insect to be controlled, the pest's life stage, its size, its location, the host crop, time of year of application, ambient moisture, temperature conditions, and the like. In general, application rates of 0.05 to 2 kg of active ingredient per hectare are sufficient to provide effective control in large scale field operations under normal circumstances, but as little as 0.01 kg/hectare may be sufficient or as much as 8 kg/hectare may be required, depending upon the factors listed above.
• Example 9 Fall Armyworm Test units, each consisting of an 8-ounce plastic cup containing a layer of wheat germ diet, approximately 0.5 cm thick, were prepared. Ten third-instar larvae of fall armyworm (Spodoptera fruqiperda) were placed into each cup. Solutions of each of the belowlisted test compounds (acetone/distilled water 75/25 solvent) were sprayed onto the cups, a single solution per cup. Spraying was accomplished by passing the cups, on a conveyer belt, directly beneath a flat fan hydraulic nozzle which discharged the spray at a rate of 0.5 pounds of active ingredient per acre (about 0.55 kg/ha) at 30 p.s.i. The cups were then covered and held at 27°C and 50% relative humidity for 72 hours, after which time mortality readings were taken.
• Example 10 European Corn Borer Test units, each consisting of an 8-ounce plastic cup containing a one-inch square of wheat germ/soyflour diet were prepared. Five third-instar larvae of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) were placed into each cup. The test units were sprayed as described in Example 9 with individual solutions of the below-listed compounds. The cups were then covered and held at 27°C and 50% relative humidity for 48 hours, after which time mortality readings were taken.
• Example 11 Southern Corn Rootworm Test units, each consisting of an 8-ounce plastic cup containing 1 sprouted corn seed, were prepared. Sets of three test units were sprayed as described in Example 9 with individual solutions of the test compounds. After the spray on the cups had dried, five third-instar larvae of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) were placed into each cup. A moistened dental wick was inserted into each cup to prevent drying and the cups were then covered. The cups were then held at 27°C and 50% relative humidity for 48 hours, after which time mortality readings were taken.
• Example 12 Boll Weevil Five adult boll weevils (Anthonomus qrandis) were placed into each of a series of 9-ounce cups. The test procedure employed was then otherwise the same as in Example 9. Mortality readings were taken 48 hours after treatment. Of the compounds tested on boll weevil, the following resulted in greater than or equal to 80% mortality: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15, 22, 23, 35, 45, 47, 53, 58, 59, 61, 67, 71, 72. 76, 81, 84, 91, 97, 104, 165, 177.
• Example 13 Aster Leafhopper Test units were prepared from a series of 12-ounce cups, each containing oat (Avena sativa) seedlings in a 1-inch layer of sterilized soil. The test units were sprayed as described in Example 9 with individual solutions of the below-listed compounds. After the oats had dried from the spraying, between 10 and 15 adult aster leafhoppers (Mascrosteles fascifrons) were aspirated into each of the covered cups. The cups were held at 27°C and 50% relative humidity for 48 hours, after which time mortality readings were taken.
• oat Avena sativa
• Example 14 Tobacco Budworm The test procedure of Example 9 was repeated on third-instar larvae of the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) except that mortality was assessed at 48 hours. Of the compounds tested on tobacco budworm, the following resulted in greater than or equal to 80% mortality: 5, 7, 15, 23, 25, 39, 100, 160, 165, 168, 177.
• Example 15 Soil Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Test units, each consisting of a three inch cylindrical pot containing 200 grams of moist sassafras loam soil and 2 kernels of Dekalb T1100 corn were prepared. Spraying was accomplished by passing the pots, on a conveyer belt, directly beneath a flat fan hydraulic nozzle which discharged the spray at a rate of 0.25 pounds of active ingredient per acre (about 2 ppm soil concentration) at 30 p.s.i. After the test units had been sprayed, the corn seed was covered with soil and ten third-instar southern corn rootworm larvae (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) were added to each unit.
• Test units were held at 24 degree C, 70% relative humidity and under a photo cycle of 16 hours of light/8 hours of darkness for 7 days, after which time control readings were taken. Control was measured by root injury ratings of 1 to 5, where 1 was no injury and 5 was complete destruction of the root system. Percent of corn seedlings that emerged also was utilized to measure control. The results are tabulated below.

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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• 1988
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