EP0362823B1 - Papier für photographische Anwendungen - Google Patents

Papier für photographische Anwendungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0362823B1
EP0362823B1 EP19890118412 EP89118412A EP0362823B1 EP 0362823 B1 EP0362823 B1 EP 0362823B1 EP 19890118412 EP19890118412 EP 19890118412 EP 89118412 A EP89118412 A EP 89118412A EP 0362823 B1 EP0362823 B1 EP 0362823B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
pulp
antifoamer
silicone
nonionic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19890118412
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0362823A3 (en
EP0362823A2 (de
Inventor
Mutsuo Akao
Koji Inoue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP24896888A external-priority patent/JPH0296742A/ja
Priority claimed from JP63248967A external-priority patent/JP2598311B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP63248965A external-priority patent/JP2858010B2/ja
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Publication of EP0362823A2 publication Critical patent/EP0362823A2/de
Publication of EP0362823A3 publication Critical patent/EP0362823A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0362823B1 publication Critical patent/EP0362823B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
    • D21H21/12—Defoamers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for preparing a paper for photographic purposes, such as a packaging material for photographic photosensitive materials and a support for photographic paper.
  • unbleached kraft papers including speciality papers such as unbleached clupak paper and unbleached Duostress paper are inferior in photographic properties irrespective of the pH of the papers, for example neutral papers having a pH measured by the cool water extracting method (JIS P-8133) in the range of 6.5-9. Accordingly, unbleached kraft paper cannot be used in the portion to touch photographic photosensitive materials directly, and for example, it is used as the outer sheet of a double sheet bag shown in Japanese Patent KOKAI No. 62-53829.
  • "Photographic properties" of a paper material means the influence of the material upon a photographic material, e.g. regarding fogging, slippage in the sensitivity and decrease in the developed density. Photographic materials are only insignificantly affected by (paper) materials having good photographic properties.
  • RO 88160 describes antifoaming agents useful in pulp, paper and leather processing, containing polyethyleneglycol (a nonionic surfactant), polyethoxylated ricinoleic triglyceride (i.e., a fatty acid compound), 16 to 18 fatty alkyl ethers, a liquid hydrocarbon and water.
  • polyethyleneglycol a nonionic surfactant
  • polyethoxylated ricinoleic triglyceride i.e., a fatty acid compound
  • 16 to 18 fatty alkyl ethers 16 to 18 fatty alkyl ethers
  • JP-A-75 059503 relates to pulp slurries containing a polyacrylamide in admixture with nonionic surfactants having an HLB of less than 12, fatty acids and fatty acid amides and/or fatty amines.
  • an antifoam composition useful in pulping and paper making processes which consists of a water-based emulsion comprising amongst other components silica and paraffin oil.
  • US-A-3592731 and DE-C-3606806 relate to a photographic paper base comprising fatty acid and/or fatty acid salts and aluminium salts as well as anionic and cationic polyacrylamide and an epoxy fatty acid amide, the pH value of the paper pulp being in the range of 3.5 to 5.
  • Double sheet bags are expensive and their workability in a dark room is inferior, since the space between the outer sheet and the inner sheet is liable to be opened by hand instead of opening the inner sheet. Furthermore, the photographic properties of unbleached kraft paper, e.g. improved by adding a special additive, are still not sufficient. On the other hand, bleached kraft paper has excellent photographic properties, and can be used as a single sheet bag. However, it is expensive, and physical strength such as surface strength is insufficient.
  • the antifoaming agent used in the washer process of the manufacturing process of unbleached kraft paper is a nonionic mineral oil of which the principal component is silicone
  • the antifoaming agent used in the screening process and in the mixer process is a nonionic surfactant of which the principal component is propylene oxide.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing a paper comprising subjecting unbleached kraft pulp to a washer process with a nonionic mineral oil antifoamer containing no silicone, then subjecting the thus obtained pulp to a screening process and to a mixing process with a nonionic surfactant antifoamer containing no propylene oxide.
  • the present invention therefore further provides a method of preparing a paper comprising subjecting unbleached kraft pulp to a washer process with a nonionic mineral oil antifoamer containing silicone or silicone-modified silica and then subjecting the thus obtained pulp to a screening process and a mixer process with a nonionic surfactant antifoamer containing no propyleneoxide wherein the pH value of the paper stock is adjusted to 3.5. to 5.5.
  • a sizing agent and a paper strengthening agent are generally added in order to improve the surface strength and delamination resistance of a paper.
  • a water-soluble aluminum salt is added in order to improve the retention of the sizing agent and the paper strengthening agent.
  • the quantity of the water-soluble aluminum salt is increased in order to improve the retention effectively, the manufactured paper is rendered acidic, and the photographic properties become worse.
  • the inventors investigated the influences of various sizing agents and paper strengthening agents, and found that certain sizing agents and paper strengthening agents do not adversely affect the photographic properties under acidic conditions, though they adversely affect said properties under neutral conditions. This means that rosin sizing agents and paper strengthening agents of polyacrylamides and polyamide-epoxy resins do not adversely affect photographic properties within the pH range of 3.5. to 6.0.
  • the present invention additionally provides a method of preparing a paper comprising adding to unbleached kraft pulp a water-soluble aluminium salt and at least one of a rosin sizing agent, a polyacrylamide and a polyamide-epoxy resin, and adjusting the pH value of the paper stock to 3.5 to 6.0.
  • the paper obtained according to the methods of the present invention can be used for photographic purposes, such as a packaging material for photographic photosensitive materials, light-shielding paper, support for photographic papers, pads, carton boxes, cores, guard sheets, leader paper and materials for composing instant photographs.
  • the nonionic antifoaming agent which does not contain silicone or propylene oxide, includes mixtures of a nonionic surfactant and a fatty acid and/or a fatty acid compound such as a fatty acid amide, a fatty acid ester or a fatty acid metal salt, mixtures of a polyglycol and a fatty acid and/or fatty acid compound such as a fatty acid amide, a fatty acid ester or a fatty acid metal salt, emulsifying pine oils, and nonionic fatty acids.
  • a nonionic surfactant and a fatty acid and/or a fatty acid compound such as a fatty acid amide, a fatty acid ester or a fatty acid metal salt, mixtures of a polyglycol and a fatty acid and/or fatty acid compound such as a fatty acid amide, a fatty acid ester or a fatty acid metal salt, emulsifying pine oils, and nonionic fatty acids.
  • Preferable nonionic antifoaming agents are mixtures of a nonionic surfactant and a fatty acid compound, and particularly preferred nonionic antifoaming agents contain a mixture of anonionic surfactant and a fatty acid amide as the principal component. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate is also particularly preferred. Preferable nonionic surfactants contain halides of hydrocarbons or a mixture thereof as the principal component.
  • the silicones harmful for photographic properties are, for example, diorganopolysiloxanes, polyoxyalkylene-modified polysiloxanes, dimethylpolysiloxanes, dimethyldichlorosilane, diethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, polydimethylpolydiphenylsiloxane copolymers, polymethyl-3,3,3,-trifluoropropylsiloxanes and polydimethylchloropropylmethylsiloxanes.
  • Propylene oxide also called 1,2-epoxypropane is reactive, and it is e.g. miscible with water and ethanol. When propylene oxide is heated with alumina, it produces propionaldehyde which adversely affects photographic photosensitive materials.
  • a suitable quantity of the antifoaming agent is in the range of 10 to 1500 g/pulp ton in the pulp washer process, 5 to 600 g/pulp ton in the pulp screening process and less than 1 % per pulp weight in the mixer process.
  • the paper for photographic purposes obtained according to the first method of the present invention does not adversely affect photographic photosensitive materials regardless of the pH thereof, because the antifoaming agent does not contain silicone or propylene oxide which otherwise cause sensitivity slippage and fogging.
  • This paper is inexpensive, and its physical strength is great.
  • the nonionic mineral oil antifoaming agent used in the second method of the present invention contains silicone or silicone-modified silica and a nonionic surfactant.
  • the silicone may be selected from those mentioned previously, and the silicone-modified silica is a fine powder of silica treated with the silicone.
  • a particularly preferred nonionic mineral oil antifoaming agent is polyoxyalkylene-modified polysiloxane blended with dimethylpolysiloxane, silica and a nonionic surfactant in view of excellent foam-extinguishing ability and foam-breaking ability.
  • a suitable quantity of the nonionic mineral oil antifoaming agent is in the range of 100 to 1000 g(stock solution)/pulp ton. When the quantity is less than 100 g/pulp ton, the foam-extinguishing effect is insufficient. On the other hand, when the quantity is beyond 1000 g/pulp ton, the photographic properties are adversely affected.
  • the adverse affects of silicone and silicone-modified silica upon the photographic properties are reduced by adjusting the pH within the prescribed range, and necessary foam-extinguishing effects in the paper manufacturing process are secured by the silicone or silicone-modified silica.
  • the pH measured by the cool water extracting method is adjusted to 3.5 to 5.5.
  • the pH is lower than 3.5, the increase of sensitivity is great.
  • the pH is higher than 5.5, the increase of sensitivity is also great.
  • the pH is adjusted by the quantity of additives, such as aluminum sulfate.
  • An acid such as chloric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid or oxalic acid, may be added, if necessary.
  • a water-soluble aluminum salt and at least one of a rosin sizing agent, a polyacrylamide and a polyamide-epoxy resin are used.
  • the water-soluble aluminum salt is added for fixing the sizing agent and the paper strengthening agent on the fibers of the pulp.
  • the water-soluble aluminum salt are aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, poly(aluminum chloride) and poly(aluminum hydroxide).
  • the quantity of the water-soluble aluminum salt is determined so that the pH measured by the cool water extracting method (JIS P-8133) of the paper for photographic purposes is within the range of 3.5 to 6.0. It is for example influenced by the pH of the pulp, the quantity of various additives and the kind of the water-soluble aluminum slat.
  • a usual quantity of the water-soluble aluminum salt is 0.5 to 10 wt. %, preferably 1 to 6 wt. %, of the dry weight of pulp.
  • the rosin sizing agents are divided into three groups, which are gum rosin, tall oil rosin and wood rosin.
  • Maleic anhydride or fumaric anhydride is added to the rosin with heating to produce maleinized rosin or fumaric-induced rosin.
  • An alkali is added to obtain a solution of a fortified rosin sizing agent.
  • the maleinized rosin or fumaric-induced rosin is suspended in water with an emulsifier to obtain an emulsion-type rosin sizing agent.
  • Polyacrylamide acts as a paper strengthening agent, and exhibits additional effects such as the improvement in the fixation of fillers and fine fibers and the improvement in drainage ability.
  • a part of the amide groups is changed to carboxyl groups.
  • the carboxyl group-induced polyacrylamide is fixed on the fibers of the pulp through aluminum sulfate.
  • a suitable modification rate of the polyacrylamide about 10 % of the amide groups are changed to carboxyl groups.
  • Polyamide-epoxy resin is used as a non-formaldehyde resin. It exhibits a high ability as a wet paper strengthening agent.
  • the quantity of the rosin sizing agent, polyacrylamide and polyamide-epoxy resin is suitably 0.05 to 10 wt. %, preferably 0.2 to 5 wt. %, of the dry weight of the pulp.
  • the pH measured by the cool water extracting method is 3.5 to 6.0.
  • the pH is adjusted by the quantity of additives, such as aluminum sulfate.
  • An acid such as chloric acid, sulfuric acid or oxalic acid, may be added, if necessary.
  • the water-soluble aluminum salt improves the retention of the sizing agent and the paper strengthening agent, and adjusts the pH within the range of 3.5 to 6.0.
  • the rosin sizing agent, polyacrylamide and polyamide-epoxy resin improves the surface strength.
  • the adjustment of the pH within the range of 3.5 to 6.0 renders compounds, such as the rosin sizing agent, harmless for the photographic properties.
  • the paper for photographic purposes obtained according to the methods of the invention is used for packaging materials for photographic photosensitive materials, light-shielding paper, support for photographs, pad, carton box, core, guard sheet, leader paper and materials for composing instant photographs.
  • the paper is used as the inner surface layer of the laminated film formed in a single sheet bag to touch the emulsion face of the photosensitive materials.
  • a nonionic antifoaming agent containing a fatty amide and silicone as the principal components (“PRONAL K -302N", trade name) was rendered water-soluble by removing the silicone.
  • An unbleached kraft pulp was prepared wherein 500 g/pulp ton of the above nonionic antifoaming agent were added in the pulp washer process and 200 g/pulp ton of the same antifoaming agent was further added in the pulp screening process of the pulp washing process.
  • the unbleached kraft pulp was beaten up to a CPPA standards drainage rate of 450 ml to produce a pulp slurry.
  • Polyacrylamide was added to the pulp slurry in an amount of 1.0 wt.
  • a handmade paper of pH 4.5 having an areal weight of 70 g/m 2 was prepared from the above paper stock by using a TAPPI type handmaking machine.
  • a paper was prepared as in Example 1, except that the amount of aluminum sulfate was 0.3 wt. % of the pulp and the pH was adjusted to 7.2.
  • An unbleached kraft paper of pH 4.3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example I, except that 500 g/pulp ton of the nonionic antifoaming agent ("PRONAL K-302N") without the water-solubilization treatment was added in the pulp washer process of the pulp washing process instead of the water-soluble antifoaming agent obtained from "PRONAL K-302N" in Example I. Further, 200 g/pulp ton of a nonionic antifoaming agent containing propylene oxide and ethylene oxide as the principal components (“PRONAL S-121", trade name) were added in the process instead of 200 g/pulp ton of the water-soluble antifoaming agent.
  • PRONAL K-302N the nonionic antifoaming agent
  • An unbleached kraft paper of pH 7.0 was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example I before and in the pulp washer process, and in the same manner as in Example II after the pulp washer process.
  • the emulsion face of a color photographic printing paper was contacted with the handmade paper, and kept at 50°C for 3 days without humidity conditioning. Then, each photographic printing paper was developed in a conventional manner, and each color concentration was measured by using a densitometer. Each numerical value in the table is the difference do the value of the paper not contacted with the reagent.
  • the emulsion face of a color photographic printing paper was faced to the handmade paper through a perforated sheet, and kept at 50°C for 3 days without humidity conditioning. Then, each photographic printing paper was developed in a conventional manner, and each color concentration was measured by using a densitometer. Each numerical value in the table is the difference to the value of the paper not contacted with the reagent.
  • An unbleached kraft pulp was beaten up to a CPPA standards drainage rate of 450 ml by a mill, and to the beaten pulp was added 0.3 wt. % of a rosin sizing agent (fortified rosin sizing agent), 2 wt. % of an anionic polyacrylamide as the paper strengthening agent and 3 wt. % of aluminum sulfate as the water-soluble aluminum salt.
  • a handmade paper of pH 4.5 (measured by the cool water extracting method of JIS P-8133) having an areal weight of 70 g/m 2 was prepared from the above paper stock by using a TAPPI type handmaking machine.
  • This paper was a handmade paper of pH 7 measured by the cool water extracting method prepared in the same manner as the product of Example IV, except that the amount of aluminum sulfate was changed to 1.5 wt. %.
  • a handmade paper of pH 7 measured by the cool water extracting method was prepared in the same manner as the product of Example IV, except that the amount of aluminum sulfate was changed to 1.5 wt. % and that polyacrylamide was not added.
  • a handmade paper of pH 4.5 measured by the cool water extracting method was prepared in the same manner as the product of Example IV, except that 2 wt. % of a melamine resin was added instead of polyacrylamide.
  • a handmade paper of pH 4.7 (measured by the cool water extracting method) having an areal weight of 70 g/m 2 was prepared in the same manner as the product of Example IV, except that no rosin-sizing agent was added.
  • a handmade paper of pH 4.6 (measured by the cool water extracting method) was prepared in the same manner as the product of Example V, except that 2 wt. % of modified starch ("PEPARIN", trade name) was used instead of polyacrylamide.
  • PEPARIN modified starch

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Papiers, das das Unterwerfen von ungebleichtem Kraftzellstoff unter ein Wäscher-Verfahren mit einem nicht ionischen kein Silikon enthaltenden Mineralöl-Antischaummittel, dann das Unterwerfen des so erhaltenen Zellstoffs unter ein Siebverfahren und ein Mischverfahren mit einem nicht ionischen grenzflächenaktiven Antischaummittel, das kein Propylenoxid enthält, umfaßt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das nicht ionische Mineralöl-Antischaummittel in einer Menge von 10 bis 1500 g/Tonne Zellstoff in dem Zellstoff-Wäscher-Verfahren vorliegt und das nicht ionische grenzflächenaktive Antischaummittel in dem Siebverfahren in einer Menge von 5 bis 600 g/Tonne Zellstoff vorliegt.
  3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Papiers, das das Unterwerfen von ungebleichtem Kraftzellstoff unter ein Wäscher-Verfahren mit einem nicht ionischen Mineralöl-Antischaummittel, das Silikon oder mit Silikon modifiziertes Siliziumdioxid enthält, und dann Unterwerfen des so erhaltenen Zellstoffs unter ein Siebverfahren und ein Mischverfahren mit einem nicht ionischen grenzflächenaktiven Antischaummittel umfaßt, das kein Propylenoxid enthält, wobei der pH-Wert des PapierAusgangsmaterials auf 3,5 bis 5,5 eingestellt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Menge des Antischaummittels 100 bis 1000 g (Ausgangsmateriallösung)/ Tonne Zellstoff beträgt.
  5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Papiers, das das Zusetzen eines in Wasser löslichen Aluminiumsalzes und mindestens eines Terpentinleims, eines Polyacrylamids und eines Polyamid-Epoxidharzes zu einem ungebleichten Kraftzellstoff und Einstellen des pH-Werts des Papierausgangsmaterials auf 3,5 bis 6,0 umfaßt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Menge des in Wasser löslichen Aluminiumsalzes 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-% des Trockengewichts des Zellstoffs und die Menge des Terpentinleims, des Polyacrylamids und des Polyamid-Epoxidharzes 0,05 bis 10 Gew.-% des Trockengewichts des Zellstoffs beträgt.
  7. Verwendung eines ungebleichten Kraftpapiers, das ein nichtionisches Antischaummittel enthält, welches kein Silikon und Propylenoxid enthält, für photografische Zwecke.
  8. Verwendung eines ungebleichten Kraftpapiers, das ein nichtionisches Mineralöl-Antischaummittel enthält, das Silikon oder mit Silikon modifiziertes Siliziumdioxid enthält und das einen mit dem Kaltwasserextraktionsverfahren (JIS P-8133) gemessenen pH-Wert von 3,5 bis 5,5 aufweist, für photografische Zwecke.
  9. Verwendung eines ungebleichten Kraftpapiers, das ein in Wasser lösliches Aluminiumsalz und mindestens einen Terpentinleim ein Polyacrylamid oder ein Polyamid-Epoxidharz enthält und das einen mit dem Kaltwasserextraktionsverfahren (JIS P-8133) gemessenen pH-Wert von 3,5 bis 6,0 aufweist, für photografisch Zwecke.
  10. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, wobei das Papier als Packmaterial für photografische lichtempfindliche Materialien, Lichtschutzpapier, Träger für photografische Papiere, Kissen, Kartonkästen, Innenteile, Schutzblätter, Führungspapier (leader paper) und Materialien zum Erstellen von Sofortphotografien verwendet wird.
EP19890118412 1988-10-04 1989-10-04 Papier für photographische Anwendungen Expired - Lifetime EP0362823B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP248968/88 1988-10-04
JP24896888A JPH0296742A (ja) 1988-10-04 1988-10-04 写真用紙
JP63248967A JP2598311B2 (ja) 1988-10-04 1988-10-04 写真用紙
JP248967/88 1988-10-04
JP63248965A JP2858010B2 (ja) 1988-10-04 1988-10-04 写真感光材料用一重包装袋
JP248965/88 1988-10-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0362823A2 EP0362823A2 (de) 1990-04-11
EP0362823A3 EP0362823A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0362823B1 true EP0362823B1 (de) 1996-07-03

Family

ID=27333778

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890118412 Expired - Lifetime EP0362823B1 (de) 1988-10-04 1989-10-04 Papier für photographische Anwendungen

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0362823B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68926770T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5182161A (en) * 1990-07-10 1993-01-26 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited Support for photosensitive materials
DE4139251A1 (de) * 1991-11-29 1993-06-03 Schoeller Felix Jun Papier Basispapier fuer fotografische schichttraeger
JP3414845B2 (ja) * 1994-06-10 2003-06-09 富士写真フイルム株式会社 感光性印刷版の梱包材及び梱包体

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3207698A (en) * 1963-02-13 1965-09-21 Nopco Chem Co Composition and method for defoaming aqueous systems
US3592731A (en) * 1968-10-24 1971-07-13 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic paper comprising a cationic amino aldehyde resin and a cationic polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin and an anionic polyacrylamide dry strength resin and method for its manufacture
US4107073A (en) * 1977-03-17 1978-08-15 Nalco Chemical Company Pulp and papermaking additive
US4340500A (en) * 1980-03-31 1982-07-20 Drew Chemical Corporation Liquid defoamer and process of use thereof
DE3505742C2 (de) * 1984-03-01 1995-12-14 Sandoz Ag Schaumhemmende Mittel, deren Herstellung und Verwendung
EP0213231B1 (de) * 1985-09-04 1989-05-03 Felix Schoeller jr Foto- und Spezialpapiere GmbH & Co. KG Wasserfester Papierträger für fotografische Schichten
DE3606806C1 (de) * 1986-03-03 1987-06-25 Schoeller F Jun Gmbh Co Kg Wasserfester fotografischer Papiertraeger
DE3668995D1 (de) * 1986-07-22 1990-03-15 Schoeller F Jun Gmbh Co Kg Fotografischer papiertraeger und verfahren zu seiner herstellung.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68926770D1 (de) 1996-08-08
EP0362823A3 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0362823A2 (de) 1990-04-11
DE68926770T2 (de) 1996-10-31

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