EP0367656B1 - System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars - Google Patents

System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0367656B1
EP0367656B1 EP89402922A EP89402922A EP0367656B1 EP 0367656 B1 EP0367656 B1 EP 0367656B1 EP 89402922 A EP89402922 A EP 89402922A EP 89402922 A EP89402922 A EP 89402922A EP 0367656 B1 EP0367656 B1 EP 0367656B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polarization direction
iff
sum
radiating elements
channel signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89402922A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0367656A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Bouko
Joseph Roger
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0367656A1 publication Critical patent/EP0367656A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to radar surveillance antennas and, more particularly, in such antennas a system for identifying targets by coded interrogations, the antenna of which is associated with the radar surveillance antenna.
  • Radars can detect the presence of objects or targets and determine some of their characteristics such as their distance, altitude, speed. However, they do not make it possible to determine, in time of war, if the target is friendly or enemy. For such a determination, a system is used which "interrogates" the targets by sending them coded signals which are detected by the latter; the targets can then send coded signals to the interrogating system which indicate its category. A target that does not "respond" properly to coded signals is considered an enemy.
  • Such an interrogator / answering system better known by the Anglo-Saxon abbreviation I.F.F. for "Identification Friend or Foe" is widely used in peacetime because it allows a radar operator to easily identify the aircraft with which it is in radio and radar contact by asking it to transmit a specific coded signal. This coded signal appears in a particular form on the radar screen near the corresponding radar signal.
  • the antenna of the I.F.F. is carried by the radar antenna and this results in a very bulky and heavy assembly.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore a system for integrating the sum and difference channels I.F.F. in a radar surveillance antenna which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks and which meets the standards imposed.
  • Another object of the invention is, by using radiating elements having this property in an integrated radar / IFF antenna, to take advantage of the existence of cross-polarized signals to effect compensation so as to reduce the level of the spurious signals in cross polarization.
  • the invention applies to a surveillance radar antenna which comprises a primary source and a reflector which is illuminated by the signals emitted by the primary source.
  • the reflector has the shape of a paraboloid with double curvature and the primary source is slightly displaced compared to the focal point of the paraboloid.
  • Such an antenna is often called an offset primary source or an offset reflector.
  • the primary source is produced using a horn 1 of the "tulip" type (FIG. 1) which is connected to the radar transmitter by a waveguide provided with a polarizer so as to obtain a circular polarization of the radar signal emitted.
  • This horn can also propagate TE10 mode in vertical polarization and TE01 mode in horizontal polarization.
  • the Somme I.F.F. is obtained using two identical radiating elements 3 and 4 placed in the horn 1 while the Difference I.F.F. is obtained using four radiating elements 5, 6, 7 and 8, identical to elements 3 and 4 but placed two by two on either side of the horn 1.
  • the elements 3 and 4 are arranged in the top 9 and bottom 10 walls of the horn and are inclined relative to the plane of the opening of the horn.
  • the elements 5 to 8 are arranged in a plane parallel to that of the opening of the horn 1.
  • Each radiating element 3 to 8 consists, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, of a rectangular cavity 11 of a metallic material which has a bottom 12 and four sides 13, 14, 15 and 16.
  • the cavity is closed by a cover 17 which is made of dielectric material.
  • the inner wall of the cover is coated with a metallic layer 18 of rectangular shape.
  • the cover 17 and metal layer 18 assembly constitutes a so-called guiding plate.
  • the bottom 12 of the box is coated with a dielectric layer 19 surmounted by a metallic layer 20 of rectangular shape in which four slots 21, 22, 23 and 24 are formed, arranged in a cross relation to each other.
  • the microwave signals are applied to the cavity 11 via the slit plate 20 which is connected at two points 25 and 26 to respective coaxial lines 27 and 28.
  • the point 25 is located in alignment with the horizontal slits 22 and 24 while point 26 is located in alignment with the vertical slots 21 and 23.
  • the dielectric layer 19 and metal layer 20 assembly constitutes a so-called radiating plate.
  • Corners of the rectangular slit plate 20 are terminated by metal tabs 29 and 30 which serve to perfect the adaptation by adjusting their width and their length.
  • the whole forms a cavity which radiates energy on one side, side 17.
  • the electric field vector 31 is horizontal (horizontal polarization).
  • the electric field vector 32 is vertical (vertical polarization).
  • point 25 of the radiating elements will be referenced by the letter H associated with a numerical index.
  • point 26 of the radiating elements will be referenced by the letter V associated with a numerical index.
  • the numerical indices 1 and 2 have been assigned respectively to the radiating elements 3 and 4
  • the numerical indices 3 and 4 have been assigned respectively to the radiating elements 5 and 8
  • the numerical indices 5 and 6 have been assigned respectively to the radiating elements 6 and 7 .
  • the points V1 and V2 of the radiating elements 3 and 4 are excited using a hybrid ring circulator 33 ( Figure 4-a) so as to propagate the TE10 mode in the horn 1 vertical polarization.
  • the circulator 33 has four input / output terminals B1, B2, B3 and B4 which are respectively connected to the signal source I.F.F., at point V1, at point V2 and at a load C1.
  • an I.F.F. applied in B1 is divided into two phase signals which appear on terminals B2 and B3. This operating mode is used on transmission.
  • phase signals received at V1 and V2 have their sum S V which appears at the terminal B1. This operating mode is used at reception.
  • the points H1 and H2 are respectively connected to the terminals B2 and B3 of a hybrid ring circulator 34.
  • the signal Sum S H in horizontal polarization is then obtained on terminal B1.
  • Terminal B4 is connected to the load impedance.
  • the lateral radiating elements 5, 6, 7 and 8 are used and the following connections are made which will be described in relation with the figures 5-a and 5-b.
  • the outputs V3 and V4 of the radiating elements 5 and 8 are grouped to be connected to the terminals B2 of a hybrid ring circulator 35.
  • the outputs V5 and V6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are grouped to be connected to the terminal B4 of circulator 35.
  • the difference signal D V is then collected in vertical polarization on terminal B1. As for the terminal B3, it is connected to a load.
  • the outputs H3 and H4 of the radiating elements 5 and 8 are grouped to be connected to the terminal B2 of a circulator in hybrid ring 36 (figure 5-b).
  • the outputs H5 and H6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are grouped to be connected to the terminal B4 of the circulator 36.
  • the signal Difference D H is then collected on the terminal B1.
  • the terminal B3 is connected to a load.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 show that it is possible, by implementing the invention, to produce an I.F.F. integrated into a radar antenna of the double curvature reflector type with offset primary source.
  • Figure 6 gives the block diagram of neutrodynage on the Somme track and Figure 7 gives the block diagram of neutrodynage on the Somme the Difference way.
  • the radiation pattern in cross polarization is even.
  • the primary diagram which is used is that of the Difference channel in horizontal polarization.
  • the terminals H3 and H4 of the radiating elements 5 and 6 are connected to the terminal B2 of the circulator 36 while the terminals H5 and H6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are connected to the terminal B4 of the circulator 36.
  • the difference signal D H is obtained on terminal B1 and is applied to a phase shifter 37.
  • the phase difference difference signal D ′ H is mixed with the signal of the sum channel using a coupler 38.
  • the curve 39 represents the radiation diagram of the Somme channel.
  • the radiation diagram in cross polarization is given by the curve 40.
  • the radiation diagram in cross polarization is given by the curve 41, which represents a improvement of ten decibels.
  • FIG. 7 gives the diagram of a particular embodiment in which the terminals V3 and V4 of the radiating elements 5 and 8 are connected to the terminal B2 of the circulator 35 while the terminals V5 and V6 of the radiating elements 6 and 7 are connected at terminal B4 of circulator 35.
  • the Difference signal D V is supplied by terminal B1 and is applied to a coupler 39.
  • the terminals H1 H2 of the radiating elements are connected respectively to terminals B2 and B3 of circulator 34 and the sum signal S H is supplied by the terminal B1.
  • the signal S H is phase shifted in a phase shifter 40 to obtain a signal S ′ H which is applied to the coupler 39.
  • a phase shifter 40 By modifying the phase of the signal S H , it is possible to adjust the level of the cross polarization of the Difference channel and to obtain a significant decrease of the order of ten decibels.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. System zur Integration von IFF-Summen- und Differenzkanälen in einer Überwachungsradarantenne, wobei die Antenne eine erste Quelle vom Trichtertyp (1) aufweist, die einen Reflektor vom versetzten Typ bestrahlt, wobei die primäre IFF-Quelle zwei erste Strahlungselemente (3, 4), die in dem Trichter (1) angeordnet sind, um die Quelle des Summenkanals zu bilden, sowie zweite Strahlungselemente (5, 6, 7, 8) aufweist, die paarweise beiderseits des Trichters (1) angeordnet sind, um die Quelle des Differenzkanals zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten und die zweiten Strahlungselemente jeweils einen Eingangs-/Ausgangsanschluß (25) für eine erste Polarisationsrichtung und einen Eingangs-/Ausgangsanschluß (26) für eine gekreuzte zweite Polarisationsrichtung umfassen, wobei erste Vereinigungsmittel (33, 35) die Anschlüsse für die erste Polarisationsrichtung der ersten Strahlungselemente (3, 4) verbinden, um ein Summenkanal-Signal in der ersten Polarisationsrichtung abzugeben, bzw. die entsprechenden Anschlüsse der zweiten Strahlungselemente (5-8) verbinden, um ein Differenzkanal-Signal in der ersten Polarisationsrichtung abzugeben, und wobei zweite Vereinigungsmittel (34, 36) die Anschlüsse für die zweite Polarisationsrichtung der ersten Strahlungselemente (3, 4) verbinden, um ein Summenkanal-Signal in der zweiten Polarisationsrichtung abzugeben, bzw. die entsprechenden Anschlüsse der zweiten Strahlungselemente (5 bis 8) verbinden, um ein Differenzkanal-Signal in der zweiten Polarisationsrichtung abzugeben, und daß außerdem dritte Vereinigungsmittel (37, 38) vorgesehen sind, um das Summenkanal-Signal in der ersten Polarisationsrichtung, das von den ersten Vereinigungsmitteln abgegeben wird, mit dem Differenzkanal-Signal in der zweiten Polarisationsrichtung, das von den zweiten Vereinigungsmitteln abgegeben wird, zu vereinigen, um ein neutralisiertes IFF-Summenkanal-Signal zu liefern, um parasitäre Signale des IFF-Summenkanals bei gekreuzter Polarisation zu vermindern.
  2. Integrationssystem gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es außerdem vierte Vereinigungsmittel (39, 40) umfaßt, um das Differenzkanal-Signal in der ersten Polarisationsrichtung, das von den ersten Vereinigungsmitteln abgegeben wird, mit dem Summenkanal-Signal in der zweiten Polarisationsrichtung, das von den zweiten Vereinigungsmitteln abgegeben wird, zu vereinigen, um ein neutralisiertes IFF-Differenzkanal-Signal zu liefern, um die parasitären Signale des IFF-Differenzkanals bei gekreuzter Polarisation zu vermindern.
  3. Integrationssystem gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dritten und vierten Mittel jeweils einen Phasenschieber (37; 40), der in den Signalkanal in der zweiten Polarisationsrichtung eingesetzt ist, sowie einen Koppler (38; 39) aufweisen, um das Signal in der ersten Polarisationsrichtung mit dem phasenverschobenen Signal in der zweiten Polarisationsrichtung zu mischen.
  4. Integrationssystem gemäß Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Strahlungselement von einem Hohlraumresonator gebildet ist, der ein metallisches rechteckiges Gehäuse (13) aufweist, dessen Boden eine strahlende Leiterplatte (20) besitzt, die auf einer dielektrischen Schicht (19) aufruht, und dessen Deckel von einer Leiterplatte (18) gebildet ist, die von einer dielektrischen Schicht (17) getragen wird und der strahlenden Leiterplatte (20) zugewandt ist.
  5. Integrationssystem gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die strahlende Leiterplatte (20) Schlitze (21, 22, 23, 24) aufweist, die über Kreuz angeordnet und den Eingangs-/Ausgangsanschlüssen (25, 26) für elektrische Signale zugeordnet sind.
EP89402922A 1988-10-28 1989-10-24 System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars Expired - Lifetime EP0367656B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8814134A FR2638531B1 (fr) 1988-10-28 1988-10-28 Systeme d'integration des voies somme et difference i.f.f. dans une antenne de surveillance radar
FR8814134 1988-10-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0367656A1 EP0367656A1 (de) 1990-05-09
EP0367656B1 true EP0367656B1 (de) 1994-03-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89402922A Expired - Lifetime EP0367656B1 (de) 1988-10-28 1989-10-24 System zur Integration von FF-Summen- und -Differenzkanälen in einer Antenne eines Überwachungsradars

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5036336A (de)
EP (1) EP0367656B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68913656D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2638531B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3239435B2 (ja) * 1992-04-24 2001-12-17 ソニー株式会社 平面アンテナ
FR2697949B1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1995-01-06 Thomson Csf Antenne pour radar notamment de désignation et de trajectographie.
US5408241A (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-04-18 Ball Corporation Apparatus and method for tuning embedded antenna
FR2725075B1 (fr) * 1994-09-23 1996-11-15 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif d'elargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne active
FR2762717B1 (fr) * 1997-04-29 1999-07-16 Thomson Csf Source a deux voies pour antenne a optique focalisante
CN109884633B (zh) * 2019-02-21 2021-03-05 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种时差补偿方法、装置及存储介质

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3045238A (en) * 1960-06-02 1962-07-17 Theodore C Cheston Five aperture direction finding antenna
FR1271598A (de) * 1960-07-26 1962-01-19
US3482251A (en) * 1967-05-19 1969-12-02 Philco Ford Corp Transceive and tracking antenna horn array
US3495262A (en) * 1969-02-10 1970-02-10 T O Paine Horn feed having overlapping apertures
US3568204A (en) * 1969-04-29 1971-03-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Multimode antenna feed system having a plurality of tracking elements mounted symmetrically about the inner walls and at the aperture end of a scalar horn
DE2139216C3 (de) * 1971-08-05 1980-06-12 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Richtantennenanordnung, bestehend aus einem Hauptreflektorspiegel und zwei Primärstrahlersystemen und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dielektrischen Reflektorplatte
DE2315241C3 (de) * 1973-03-27 1983-11-24 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Einrichtung in einem Mikrowellen- Funkübertragungssystem
US4047179A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-09-06 Raytheon Company IFF antenna arrangement
US4096482A (en) * 1977-04-21 1978-06-20 Control Data Corporation Wide band monopulse antennas with control circuitry
US4242685A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-30 Ball Corporation Slotted cavity antenna
FR2465328A1 (fr) * 1979-09-07 1981-03-20 Thomson Csf Aerien pour radar primaire et radar secondaire
US4835538A (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-05-30 Ball Corporation Three resonator parasitically coupled microstrip antenna array element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0367656A1 (de) 1990-05-09
US5036336A (en) 1991-07-30
FR2638531A1 (fr) 1990-05-04
DE68913656D1 (de) 1994-04-14
FR2638531B1 (fr) 1992-03-20

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