EP0370587A2 - Appareil de production d'énergie électrique utilisant un alliage pouvant stocker de l'hydrogène - Google Patents

Appareil de production d'énergie électrique utilisant un alliage pouvant stocker de l'hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0370587A2
EP0370587A2 EP89203332A EP89203332A EP0370587A2 EP 0370587 A2 EP0370587 A2 EP 0370587A2 EP 89203332 A EP89203332 A EP 89203332A EP 89203332 A EP89203332 A EP 89203332A EP 0370587 A2 EP0370587 A2 EP 0370587A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
hydrogen
cooling medium
gas turbine
zones
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89203332A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0370587A3 (en
EP0370587B1 (fr
Inventor
Akira Yanoma
Junichi Sakaguchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chiyoda Corp
Original Assignee
Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and Construction Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP61315614A external-priority patent/JPH0713469B2/ja
Application filed by Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and Construction Co Ltd filed Critical Chiyoda Chemical Engineering and Construction Co Ltd
Priority to EP89203332A priority Critical patent/EP0370587B1/fr
Publication of EP0370587A2 publication Critical patent/EP0370587A2/fr
Publication of EP0370587A3 publication Critical patent/EP0370587A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0370587B1 publication Critical patent/EP0370587B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for generating electric energy using a hydrogen storage alloy.
  • the temperature at which the heat transfer medium is condensed is required to be considerably higher than the temperature of a cooling source.
  • a heat source of middle-low levels (50 to 150°C) and a cooling source of about 10 to 30°C is required to be considerably higher than the temperature of a cooling source.
  • an apparatus for generating an electric energy comprising: a gas turbine having gas inlet and gas outlet ports and capable of being driven by hydrogen gas flowing from said inlet to outlet ports; an electric generator operatively connected to said gas turbine and capable of operating, when said gas turbine is driven, to generate an electric energy; first through sixth heat exchange zones each containing a hydrogen storage alloy capable of absorbing hydrogen upon being cooled and of releasing the absorbed hydrogen upon being heated, and each being adapted to heat or cool the hydrogen storage alloy contained therein by indirect heat exchange with a heating or cooling medium supplied thereto; connecting conduit means connecting said first through sixth heat exchange zones in loop so that the heating or cooling medium can recirculate successively through said first to sixth heat exchange zones in that order; a source of the heating medium; a source of the cooling medium; first through sixth heating medium feed conduits, extending between said first through sixth heat exchange zones and said source of the heating medium, respectively, for introducing therethrough the heating medium to respective heat exchange zones; first through sixth cooling medium feed conduits, extending
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes a first heat exchange zone, generally a heat exchanger, accomodating a bed of a hydrogen storage alloy MH which has absorbed hydrogen
  • 2 denotes a second heat exchange zone, similar to the first heat exchange zone, accomodating a bed of a hydrogen storage alloy M which is generally the same as the alloy in the first heat exchange zone 1 and which has released hydrogen.
  • the first and second heat exchangers 1 and 2 are generally composed of first and second closed containers 24 and 25, respectively, in which first and second heat transfer members, such as heat transfer pipes 5 and 6, respectively, are disposed for heating or cooling the hydrogen storage alloy contained in the first and second containers 24 and 25 by indirect heat exchange with heat transfer media flowing therethrough.
  • the heat transfer media are introduced in the first and second heat transfer pipes 5 and 6 through feed conduits 18 and 19, respectively.
  • Designated as 3 is a gas turbine to which an electric generator 4 is connected through a transmission shaft 16 so that the generator 4 operates and generates electric energy or power upon driving of the gas turbine 3.
  • the gas turbine 3 has a hydrogen inlet conduit 14 which is connected, via three-way valve 12, both to the first heat exchanger 1 through pipes 8 and 7 and to the second heat exchanger 2 through pipes 10 and 17.
  • the gas turbine 3 also has a hydrogen outlet conduit 15 which is connected, via three-way valve 13, both to the first heat exchanger 1 through pipes 9 and 7 and to the second heat exchanger 2 through pipes 11 and 17.
  • the apparatus thus constructed operates as follows.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy MH in the first heat exchanger 1 is heated, while maintaining the three-way valves 12 and 13 in closed state, by introducing a heating medium through the line 18 into the first heat transfer pipe 5, so that the hydrogen absorbed in the alloy MH is released therefrom and the first container 24 and the pipes 7, 8 and 9 are filled with hydrogen at a tempeature of T1 and a pressure of P1.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy M is cooled indirectly be introducing a cooling medium into the second heat transfer pipe 6 through the line 19 so that the inside of the second container 25 has a temperature T2 and a pressure P2.
  • the three-way valves 12 and 13 are then actuated to selectively communicate the inlet conduit 14 with the pipe 8 and to selectively communicate the outlet conduit 15 with the pipe 11.
  • the high pressure hydrogen is introduced into the gas turbine 3 through lines 7, 8 and 14 and, after driving the gas turbine and the electric generator 4, passed through lines 15, 11 and 17 to the second container 25 of the second heat exchanger 2 where the hydrogen is reabsorbed by the alloy M.
  • valves 12 and 13 are closed. Then, the heating medium is supplied to the second heat transfer pipe 6 while the cooling medium is introduced into the first heat transfer pipe 5 so that the hydrogen absorbed, in the previous step, in the alloy in the second heat exchanger 2 is desorbed therefrom and fills the lines 10, 11 and 17 and the container 25 at a temperature of T2′ and a pressure of P2′.
  • the valves 12 and 13 are then opened to communicate the line 10 with the line 14 and the line 9 with the line 15. This results in the introduction of the hydrogen at T2′ and P2′ into the gas turbine 3, thereby driving the electric generator 4 operatively connected to the gas turbine 3.
  • the hydrogen is then fed, through the lines 15, 9 and 7, to the first heat exchanger 1 and is absorbed by the alloy in the first heat exchanger 1 at a temperature of T1′ and a pressure of P1′. Since P1′ ⁇ P2′ and T1′ ⁇ T2′, the gas turbine 3 is driven with the high pressure hydrogen serving as a working gas.
  • Fig. 2 depicts one preferred embodiment of the apparatus for the generation of electric energy according to the present invention which is suited for continuously obtaining steady levels of electric power.
  • the apparatus includes a combination of a gas turbine 20 and an electric generator 21 similar to that described previously with reference to Fig. 1.
  • the gas turbine 20 is driven with high pressure hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen releasing and absorbing system as described below.
  • the hydrogen desorbing and absorbing system includes six, first through sixth,heat exchange zones 201-206, generally heat exchangers, within each of which is provided a bed of hydrogen storage alloy, generally of the same kind.
  • the first through sixth heat exchangers 201-206 are connected to an inlet port of the gas turbine 20 by hydrogen feed pipes 150 via valve means, generally open-close valves 40-45, respectively, and to an outlet port of the gas turbine 20 by hydrogen discharge pipes 140 via valve means, generally open-close valves 50-55, respectively.
  • the first through sixth heat exchangers 201-206 have first through sixth heat transfer members such as heat transfer pipes 211-216, respectively, for cooling or heating the hydrogen storage alloy contained therein.
  • the first and sixth heat transfer pipes 211-216 are connected to a source of a heating medium via heating medium feed conduits 131 and valve means, generally open-close valves 80, 82, 84, 86, 88 and 90, respectively, and also to a source of a cooling medium via cooling medium feed conduits 121 and valve means, generally open-close valves 100, 102, 104, 106, 108 and 110, respectively.
  • the first through sixth heat transfer pipes 211-216 are connected to heating medium discharge lines 132 via valve means, generally open-close valves 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 and 91, respectively, and to cooling medium discharge lines 122 via valve means, generally open-close valves 101, 103, 105, 107, 109 and 111.
  • first through sixth heat transfer pipes 211-216 are connected to form a loop by connecting conduits 76 provided with valve means, generally open-close valves 70-75.
  • the open-close valves 40-45, 50-55, 70-75, 80-91 and 100-111 are set in the following conditions: Opened: 80, 71, 72, 85, 106, 74, 75, 111, 40, 41, 53 and 54 Closed: All valves other than the above
  • the heating medium is introduced into the first heat transfer pipe 211 and is passed successively through the second and third heat transfer pipes 212 and 213 to heat the respective hydrogen storage alloys contained in respective heat exchangers 201-203.
  • the temperature of the heating medium becomes gradually lowered as it is passed in the downstream side heat exchangers. Thereafter, the medium is exhaused through the discharge conduit 132.
  • the cooling medium is introduced into the fourth heat transfer pipe 214 and is then fed to the fifth and sixth heat transfer pipes 215 and 216 to cool the respective alloys in respective heat exchangers 214-­216.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium becomes gradually increased as it is passed in the down stream side heat exchangers.
  • the cooling medium discharged from the sixth heat transfer piper 216 is exhausted through the line 122.
  • hydrogen is released from the hydrogen storage alloys in the first and second heat exchangers 201 and 202 and is fed though valves 40 and 41 and feed pipes 150 to the gas turbine 20.
  • the hydrogen which has been used for the driving of the gas turbine is then fed through the discharge pipes 140 and the valves 53 and 54 to the fourth and fifth heat exchangers 214 and 215 where it is reabsorbed by respective hydrogen storage alloy cooled by indirect heat exchange with the cooling medium flowing in the heat transfer pipes 214 and 215.
  • preheating and precooling are effected, respectively.
  • the valves are shifted as follows. Opened: 82, 72, 73, 87, 108, 75, 70, 101, 41, 42, 54 and 55 Closed: all valves other than the above
  • the heating medium is first supplied to the second heat transfer pipe 212 in the second heat exchanger 202, which has been subjected to the primary hydrogen desorbing conditions, so that the alloy in the second heat exchanger 202 is heated to a higher temperature than that in the previous primary desorbing step.
  • the hydrogen which remains unreleased in the primary hydrogen desorbing step is released from the alloy in the second heat exchanger 202.
  • the heating medium is then passed to the third heat transfer pipe 213 to heat the alloy in the third heat exchanger 203, which has been preheated in the preheating step, so that the hydrogen is released from the preheated alloy (primary desorption).
  • the released hydrogen from the second and third heat exchangers 202 and 203 is supplied to the gas turbine 20 through the opened valves 41 and 42 and lines 150.
  • the cooling medium is first supplied to the fifth heat transfer pipe 215, which has been subjected to the primary hydrogen absorbing conditions, so that the alloy in the fifth heat exchanger 205 is cooled to a lower temperature than that in the previous primary absorbing step.
  • the alloy in the fifth heat exchanger 205 further absorbs hydrogen supplied from the gas turbine 20 through the line 140 and the opened valve 54.
  • the cooling medium is then passed to the sixth heat transfer pipe 216 to cool the alloy in the sixth heat exchanger 206, which has been pre-cooled in the pre-cooling step, so that the hydrogen supplied from the gas tubine 20 through the opened valve 55 is absorbed by the pre­cooled alloy in the sixth heat exchanger 206 (primary absorbing step).
  • the heating medium in the third heat transfer pipe 213 is passed to the fourth heat transfer pipe 214 through the opened valve 73 to preheat the alloy in the fourth heat exchanger 204 which has absorbed hydrogen in the previous secondary hydrogen absorbing step.
  • the cooling medium in the sixth heat transfer pipe 216 is passed to the first heat transfer pipe 211 through the opened valve 70 to pre-cool the alloy in the first heat exchanger 201 which has desorbed hydrogen in the previous secondary hydrogen desorbing step.
  • valves are operated to effect the secondary hydrogen desorption in the next third heat exchanger 203, the primary desorption in the fourth heat exchanger 204, the preheating in the fifth heat exchanger 205, the secondary hydrogen absorption in the sixth heat exchanger 206, the primary absorption in the first heat exchanger 201 and the pre-cooling in the second heat exchanger 202.
  • the gas turbine 20 is driven continuously since hydrogen is continuously desorbed from at least one of the hydrogen storage alloys in the first through sixth heat exchangers 201-206 and is continuously absorbed in at least one of the heat exchangers 201-206 throughout the process inclusive of during the valve opening and closing operations. Therefore, the above-described apparatus of the present invention can continuously generate a steady level of electric power.
  • the first through sixth heat exchangers 201-206 are connected in parallel with each other by means of connecting pipes 160 through valves 60-65 as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the valves 60-65 are operated so as to intercommunicate the heat exchanger in which the secondary hydrogen desorption was finished and which has disconnected from the gas turbine 20 and the heat exchanger in which the secondary hydrogen absorption was finished and which has disconnected from the gas turbine 20.
  • the hydrogen pressures in the two heat exchangers are equalized.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy which finished its secondary hydrogen desorption can further release the absorbed hydrogen while the alloy which finished its secondary hydrogen absoption can further absorb the released hydrogen, improving the hydrogen desorbing and absorbing efficiency of the alloy.
  • the valve operations for the above hydrogen pressure equalizing procedure will be described more particularly hereinbelow.
  • the valves 40 and 53 are closed so that the first and fourth heat exchangers are disconnected from the gas turbine 20. Thereafter, the valves 60 and 63 are opened to selectively communicate the first and fourth heat exchangers 201 and 204 with each other. This causes the high pressure hydrogen remaining in the first heat exchanger 201 to flow into the fourth heat exchanger 204 containing low pressure hydrogen, thereby equalizing the pressure in the first and fourth heat exchangers 201 and 204 to a middle hydrogen pressure.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy in the first heat exchanger 201 further releases hydrogen of the middle pressure while the alloy in the fourth heat exchanger 204 further absorbs the desorbed hydrogen of the middle pressure. Then, the valves 60 and 53 are closed to separate the heat exchangers 201 and 204 from each other, and the valves 80, 71, 106 and 74 are closed with the simultaneous opening of the valves 70, 101, 73 and 87 to effect pre-cooling in the first heat exchanger 201 and preheating in the fourth heat exchanger 204.
  • the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the alloy in the first heat exchanger becomes smaller while the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the alloy in the fourth heat exchanger becomes greater. Therefore, the hydrogen available for working the gas turbine 20 per unit weight of the alloy is increased, improving the efficiency of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 designated as 22 is a super heater for heating the hydrogen gas with a heating medium flowing through a line 30 and 23 is a reheater for heating the hydrogen gas, diverted from the gas turbine 20 through a line 32, with a heating medium flowing through a line 31. Both the superheater 22 and the reheater 23 can serve to improve the electric power generation efficiency of the apparatus.
  • the gas turbine 20 is preferably a multiple stage expansion turbine.
  • the reference numeral 27 designates a pressure detecting controller, 26 a speed and pressure governing mechanism and 29 a speed and pressure governing valve.
  • each of the first through sixth heat exchange zones 201-206 is constituted from a single heat exchanger.
  • each heat exchange zone or each desired heat exchange zone from two or more heat exchangers whose heating or cooling medium inlets and outlets are connected in series and whose hydrogen inlets and outlets are connected in parallel.
  • the term "a heat exchange zone" is intended to refer not only to a single heat exchanger but also to two or more heat exchangers in which a similar operation is performed.
  • the number of the containers in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 can be increased to 10, three of them being used for primary cooling and another three for primary hydrogen release.
  • Any known hydrogen storage alloy may be suitably used for the purpose of the present invention.
  • Representative alloys to be used for the present invention may be selected appropriately in consideration of, for example, the temperature of a source of the heating medium to be utilized for heating the alloys.
  • the same hydrogen storage alloy is generally used for the accommodation in the first to sixth heat exchange zones 201-206, though different kinds of hydrogen storage alloys may be used if desired.
  • the difference in temperature of the heating medium between the inlet and outlet of the apparatus according to the present invention is less than 50°C.
  • electric energy may be efficiently generated using a source of heat of low levels that could not be used heretofore for electric generation.
  • no pump is required for pressure elevation and neither condenser for gases discharged from a turbine nor circulating devices for condensed gases are required, thereby rendering the electric energy generation system simple and economical.
  • the present invention has the great industrial significance because electric energy can be advantageously generated using geothermal heat or exhaust heat of low levels produced by chemical plants or other manufacturing plants.
  • the apparatus as illustrated in Fig. 2 was operated with a source of a low temperature heat.
  • the main operation conditions were as follows: Hydrogen storage alloy: rare earth type Heat source temperature (hydrogen desorbing temperature): 110-90 °C Cooling temperature (hydrogen absorbing temperature): 30-45 °C High pressure hydrogen (in line 150): 10 atm. Low pressure hydrogen (in line 140): 1 atm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
EP89203332A 1986-12-23 1987-03-19 Appareil de production d'énergie électrique utilisant un alliage pouvant stocker de l'hydrogène Expired - Lifetime EP0370587B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89203332A EP0370587B1 (fr) 1986-12-23 1987-03-19 Appareil de production d'énergie électrique utilisant un alliage pouvant stocker de l'hydrogène

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP315614/86 1986-12-23
JP61315614A JPH0713469B2 (ja) 1986-12-23 1986-12-23 水素貯蔵合金を利用した発電方法及び装置
EP89203332A EP0370587B1 (fr) 1986-12-23 1987-03-19 Appareil de production d'énergie électrique utilisant un alliage pouvant stocker de l'hydrogène

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87302391.5 Division 1987-03-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0370587A2 true EP0370587A2 (fr) 1990-05-30
EP0370587A3 EP0370587A3 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0370587B1 EP0370587B1 (fr) 1993-07-21

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EP89203332A Expired - Lifetime EP0370587B1 (fr) 1986-12-23 1987-03-19 Appareil de production d'énergie électrique utilisant un alliage pouvant stocker de l'hydrogène

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1930558A1 (fr) * 2006-02-06 2008-06-11 Siegfried Prugner Convertisseur d'énergie

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943719A (en) * 1975-02-26 1976-03-16 Terry Lynn E Hydride-dehydride power system and methods
US4085590A (en) * 1976-01-05 1978-04-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Hydride compressor
US4358931A (en) * 1978-04-27 1982-11-16 Terry Lynn E Power cycles based upon cyclical hydriding and dehydriding of material of a material
DE3150900A1 (de) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-30 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden "verfahren zur umwandlung von waermeenergie in mechanische energie"

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1930558A1 (fr) * 2006-02-06 2008-06-11 Siegfried Prugner Convertisseur d'énergie

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Publication number Publication date
EP0370587A3 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0370587B1 (fr) 1993-07-21

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