EP0372500A2 - Dispositif à plasma pour le soudage à arc - Google Patents

Dispositif à plasma pour le soudage à arc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0372500A2
EP0372500A2 EP89122434A EP89122434A EP0372500A2 EP 0372500 A2 EP0372500 A2 EP 0372500A2 EP 89122434 A EP89122434 A EP 89122434A EP 89122434 A EP89122434 A EP 89122434A EP 0372500 A2 EP0372500 A2 EP 0372500A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
arc
electrode
conductor
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89122434A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0372500A3 (fr
Inventor
George D. Blankenship
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lincoln Electric Co
Original Assignee
Lincoln Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lincoln Electric Co filed Critical Lincoln Electric Co
Publication of EP0372500A2 publication Critical patent/EP0372500A2/fr
Publication of EP0372500A3 publication Critical patent/EP0372500A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/36—Circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3473—Safety means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma arc welding device and is more specifically the subject of shutdown devices associated with the torch nozzle, such as are used in plasma arc welding devices.
  • a nozzle which encloses the electrode which carries a high voltage and protects it from occasional grounding, in order to direct the current of the ionizable gases as a plasma against the workpiece and to constrict the plasma jet and to give it a very high plasma temperature to lend.
  • Burner parts especially the burner nozzle, consume "something" and may need to be replaced.
  • the pilot arc between the nozzle and the electrode can cause wear on the nozzle.
  • the heat of the ionized gases also contributes to the wear of the nozzle, and to a certain extent the unfavorable effect of the heat occasionally requires the electrode to be replaced.
  • the nozzle and the electrode are usually formed as interchangeable parts which are screwed into the torch body so that the nozzle protects and surrounds the electrode except for a narrow opening through which the plasma jet passes.
  • the parts when the parts are to be replaced, they must be reassembled to ensure that the electrode is properly protected to avoid occasional grounding, which could occur if the torch is poorly assembled without the nozzle has been.
  • the main electrical current of the electrode in the torch body is supplied through a main conductor which is located in a cable which extends from the torch body to the energy source.
  • This cable can be punctured or damaged by any of a variety of different metallic objects that are always present in the work area of a commercial activity. Such metallic objects can touch the main conductor and bring about the same type of electrically dangerous state that is also present with an exposed electrode.
  • the previous attempts to deal with these problems have been directed towards being tough, lasting and through to create shock-resistant cable.
  • such cables make the equipment more expensive and require periodic inspection and occasional replacement.
  • the applicant has used an overload test circuit for its arc welding power sources, but not for plasma arc welding devices as such, which detects a short circuit between the electrode and the nozzle and turns off the power source in response to a sensed voltage exceeding a predetermined value.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a plasma arc welding device in which the durability and reliability of the plasma arc welding is improved and which has a current interruption and / or shutdown device which improves the operation of the torch.
  • the nozzle device has a substantially cylindrical nozzle sleeve, which is constantly embedded in the burner body, and an exchangeable, cup-shaped nozzle tip, which can be screwed firmly into the nozzle sleeve.
  • the pilot arc wire is connected to the nozzle sleeve.
  • An electrically insulated spring wire trailing contact is embedded in the burner body and a continuity test conductor connected to an electrical power source is connected to the trailing contact.
  • the electrical current source generates a plurality of DC electrical pulses through a thyristor bridge, which are supplied to the electrode and generate an ignition arc when the ignition arc switch is connected to ground.
  • the amplitude of each current pulse is sampled and the output circuit that generates the DC electrical pulses is phased back by a triggering circuit or delayed when a predetermined current level is exceeded.
  • the amplitude of the last pulse in the pilot arc exceeds the predetermined current level, causing the circuit to operate to change the phase angle and, consequently, the current as soon as the pilot arc changes to the plasma arc.
  • a capacitor circuit which maintains the plasma arc when the output circuit is reset in phase to reduce any pendulum tendency of the output circuit.
  • the capacitor circuit is operated in a similar manner when the circuit is brought forward in phase when the pilot arc is ignited, i.e. is accelerated.
  • An electrode 20 in the form of a hafnium wire 21 is embedded in a cylindrical metal housing 23.
  • the cylindrical housing 23 has a rounded end 24 and an annular shoulder 26 at its opposite end, on which there is a pin 27 with an external thread.
  • the pin 27 is screwed into the gas distributor 13 so far that the shoulder 26 bears tightly against the flat seat surface 17 of the gas distributor 13.
  • the ring portion 35 has a flat, annular contact surface 37 and a central opening 38 with an internal thread, which extends inward from the annular contact surface 37, and an outwardly widening, frustoconical outer surface 39, which extends from the outer edge of the annular contact surface 37 and with which cylindrical base part 34 forms an outer shoulder 40.
  • an inner ring shoulder 42 is formed in the ring part 35.
  • the ring part 35 penetrates at least one gas passage 44, which creates a gas connection between the inside and the outside of the nozzle sleeve 31.
  • An annular, electrically insulating seat ring 45 made of plastic rests with one end on the inner ring shoulder 42 and with its other end on the flat seat 17 of the metal gas distributor 13. As a result, the annular seat ring 45 positions the gas distributor 13 and the electrode 20 at an electrically insulating, fixed spatial distance from the nozzle sleeve 31.
  • Radial gas channels 46 extend from the cylindrical outer wall to the cylindrical inner wall of the insulating seat ring 45.
  • An annular space is formed between the cylindrical base part of the nozzle sleeve 31 and the gas distributor 13.
  • the gas flows from the radial passage openings 18 in the gas distributor 13 into the annular space 48 and from here through the gas channels 46 extending in the radial direction against the cylindrical electrode housing 23, where the gas is ionized.
  • the gas flows through the gas outlet openings 44 in the ring part 35 for metal removal, while this gas flow simultaneously cools the nozzle body 30.
  • the nozzle body 30 has a cup-shaped nozzle tip body 32, from whose annular contact base 50 a bush 51 with an external thread extends. which can be screwed into the internal thread of the central opening 38 of the nozzle sleeve 31.
  • the lower part 53 of the bowl-shaped nozzle tip 32 has an opening 54 which extends in the axial direction and which is slightly smaller than the electrode wire 21, but is flush with it.
  • the inner surface 56 of the bowl-shaped nozzle tip 32 is designed approximately the same as the shape of the cylindrical electrode housing 23, so that between the inner surface 56 of the bowl-shaped nozzle tip 32 and the outer surface of the cylindrical electrode housing 23, a sparkover space 57 is formed, which is gently curved toward the tip, as this is apparent from Fig. 1.
  • a gas cooling sleeve 60 is pushed over the nozzle body 30 and bears tightly with the aid of an O-ring 62, which is pressed together between the shoulder 40 of the contact ring part 35 of the nozzle sleeve 31, the burner body 10 and the inner surface of the cooling sleeve 60.
  • the gas cooling sleeve 60 interacts with the nozzle body 30 in such a way that a fine gas flow is directed onto the cut in the workpiece or is focused on this cut, which is generated by the plasma arc to remove the metal.
  • the configuration of the frustoconical surface 39, the outer surface of the cup-shaped nozzle tip 32, the arrangement of the gas outlet openings 44 and the inner shape of the gas cooling sleeve 60 are such that when the gas flows out through the gas outlet openings 44 and the space between the cooling sleeve 60 and the nozzle body 30 a somewhat turbulent gas flow is generated which improves the cooling of the nozzle body 30, whereby this Improved gas cooling continues by supplying the gas as a nozzle stream tangential to the end face of the cup-shaped nozzle tip 32 when the gas leaves the cooling space 63, which primarily serves to direct the gas stream precisely onto the workpiece for the purpose of metal removal.
  • a 250-350 V DC power source is connected to the torch A and the workpiece W.
  • a cathode conductor 70 connects the negative pole of the direct current source to the electrode 20 via the metal gas distributor 13, although for the sake of simplicity the cathode conductor 70 is shown as connected to the plasma gas line 12.
  • a conductor 71 coming from the workpiece is connected to the positive terminal of the electrical energy source.
  • a main energy switch 73 for switching the main energy source on and off and a high-frequency transformer 74 which supports the ignition of the pilot arc are installed in the cathode conductor 70.
  • An ignition arcing contact wire 75 is embedded in the burner body 10 in an electrically insulated manner and fastened in an electrically conductive manner to the cylindrical base part 34 of the nozzle sleeve 31.
  • An ignition arc conductor 76 connects the ignition arc contact wire 75 to the positive ground via a 3-ohm resistor 78 and an ignition arc switch 79.
  • a capacitor 80 is connected in parallel between the electrode 20 and the high frequency transformer 74 to the cathode conductor 70 and the ignition arc conductor 76, and an 80 V overload test circuit 82 is connected in parallel between the ignition arc conductor 76 and the grounding or workpiece conductor 71.
  • a switch, not shown, on the burner A is actuated in order to switch the ignition arc switch 79 and the main energy switch 30.
  • Switching is used here in a functional sense. In reality, these are “Switches” 73 and 79 contacts that are opened or closed by the switch or trigger on the torch handle.) If the welder wants to operate switches 79 and 73 one after the other, the trigger could alternatively be operated twice; first to operate the pilot arc switch 79 and then to operate the main power switch 73. When both switches are closed, the potential of approximately 300 V of an open circuit is applied to the electrode 20 and an ignition arc is generated in the flashover space 57, which quickly migrates to the ignition arc space 59.
  • the capacitor 80 is sized relative to the high frequency transformer 74 so that it charges and discharges rapidly to maintain the pilot arc.
  • the voltage tapped at the pilot arc conductor 76 when a pilot arc is formed is approximately 66 V.
  • the gas exiting the nozzle opening 54 is ionized by the pilot arc and heats and develops a plasma.
  • the plasma arc torch A is then lowered onto the workpiece W by the welder.
  • the pilot arc jumps from the nozzle tip 32 to the workpiece W, which has a lower impedance than the nozzle tip 32 as a result of the resistance 78.
  • a plasma arc is formed.
  • the pilot arc voltage which is tapped in the pilot arc conductor during the normal existence of the pilot arc is always lower than the plasma arc voltage for the reasons explained in more detail below and is approximately 66 V for the particular torch shown here, if for any reason between the electrode and Nozzle short circuit occurs, the full potential of 250 - 350 V of the open circuit is applied to the nozzle body 30, which can be determined on the ignition arc conductor 76.
  • an overload test circuit or fault detector circuit 82 is provided which is designed to switch at about 80 V in order to avoid a disturbance in the overload detection which is caused by the current formation of a double arc or a switching surge. When operated, the overload test circuit 32 turns off the main power source.
  • This shutdown circuit becomes effective because the voltage change is faster when a short circuit is sensed than when the ignition arc is generated.
  • FIG. 11 A simpler overload detector circuit is shown in FIG. 11, in which a capacitor 88 is charged by a resistor 89 which is connected between the ground or workpiece conductor 71 and the ignition arc conductor 76. If a short circuit is sensed, there will be a greater voltage applied to the capacitor and discharged the capacitor. During the discharge process, the capacitor 88 actuates a circuit 90.
  • the general circuit for the plasma arc control system is shown in FIG. 12 and has a thyristor- or silicone-controlled rectifier bridge 92 which is connected to the secondary part of a transformer, not shown, of a three-phase AC source, not shown.
  • the rectified output of the silicon controlled rectifier bridge 92 is passed through a shunt line 93 and then through the high frequency transformer 74 to the electrode 20.
  • Parallel to the silicon-controlled rectifier bridge 92 is a stabilizer circuit 95, which has a capacitor 96 which is charged by a diode 97 and discharged by a resistor 98 which is connected in parallel to the diode 97.
  • the gates of the silicon controlled rectifier bridge 92 are controlled by a conventional switching or trigger circuit 100 which opens the gates of the silicon controlled rectifiers in the bridge 92 or phases them forward or backward in order to change the energy content of the electrical pulses (and accordingly the current) in the usual way Way to change.
  • the time during which the gates are kept open or brought back in phase by the circuit 100 is controlled by a phase back circuit 101.
  • the delay circuit 101 in turn is actuated by the ignition or initial arc or by the current or voltage differential sensed in the shunt line 93.
  • this diagram shows schematically that the energy source has a pulsating output when the main energy switch 73 of the open voltage circuit of approximately 300 V is actuated.
  • a pilot or pilot arc is generated which has a potential of approximately 160-170 V and a current draw of approximately 22.5 A.
  • the ignition arc is transferred to the workpiece and a plasma arc is created, the plasma arc has a potential of approximately 110-120 V and a related increase in current.
  • the pilot arc is established, the thyristors must be brought in phase through delay circuit 101 to approximately maintain their full conductivity and generate a voltage high enough to ignite the arc.
  • the amount to which an arc can be restricted is generally determined by air pressure, air flow, the size of the nozzle opening, and the amperage.
  • the current is the only variable that can be controlled by the energy source. If an arc of a certain size, which is given by a predetermined current value, is constricted by an excessively small nozzle opening 54 in the torch, the current in the arc passes first to the bowl-shaped nozzle tip part 32 at the edge of the nozzle opening 54 and then to the workpiece W on the outside of the nozzle opening. This process erodes the nozzle opening until it is large enough to let the arc through. At the same time, the electrode is exposed and the bowl-shaped nozzle tip 32 must be replaced.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 12 accelerates the trigger circuit 100 when the torch is in its pilot arc cutting phase, and at the moment the pilot arc changes to a plasma arc, the current rise through the shunt line 93 in this electrical has Pulse is sensed, the effect that the thyristors are delayed immediately. When this delay occurs, the control system becomes somewhat unstable and tends to oscillate until the current reaches its regulated level, as shown in the plasma arc current portion of the curve in FIG. 13.
  • capacitor 96 is discharged through resistor 98 for a sufficient time (generally about 12 milliseconds) to maintain the arc. To a lesser extent, this also occurs when the pilot arc begins to form.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 12 minimizes damage to the nozzle tip 32, stabilizes the electrical system both at the time the pilot arc is formed and at the time when the pilot arc is a plasma arc on that Workpiece is transferred, while at the same time the energy available from the energy source is optimized by reducing the degree of phase delay of the silicon-controlled rectifier to a minimum.
  • the spring wire contact 110 is shaped in relation to the groove 115 such that the bent end 117 can move by an amount x relative to the groove 115 when the annular contact surface 50 of the cup-shaped nozzle tip 32 firmly into the Nozzle sleeve 31 is screwed in. This ensures good electrical contact.
  • a continuity conductor 120 is connected to the continuity spring wire contact 110, which leads to a continuity test circuit 121 in FIG. 1 and has a continuity test voltage V cc of approximately 15 V and a current of 50-100 mA.
  • V cc continuity test voltage
  • a continuity test circuit 120 may be installed in the circuit to test continuity or to measure the voltage difference between the pilot arc conductor 76 and the continuity conductor 120. If a voltage differential occurs there or if a minimal electrical current flow is not found, the energy source can be switched off.
  • a cable 130 is shown, which is fastened with one end to the burner body in a manner not shown and the other end to the energy source in a manner also not shown.
  • a gas line 12 for supplying the protective / cooling / cutting plasma gas and a main conductor 132 are embedded in the cable, which in turn is surrounded by a protective jacket 133 and supplies the arc current.
  • Also embedded in the cable is a collection of control lines 132, which are similarly provided with protective coatings 135 and are used for various purposes, for example for switching the contacts, for supplying current to the continuity wire spring contact 110, etc.
  • an overload detector circuit that is able to detect short circuits between the torch nozzle and the electrode and switch off the energy source is used to detect a breakdown or a break in the torch cable.
  • an electrical interlock circuit in conjunction with an overload test circuit is used to provide a safe burner by combining sensing whether the nozzle is in position with sensing a nozzle voltage to provide a safe burner under all operating conditions guarantee.
  • a silicon controlled rectifier circuit is used to disable the output when the arc is transferred so that the nozzle at its nozzle opening is not eroded and the electrode is exposed.
  • the essence of the invention is therefore to provide a safe plasma arc cutting device in which the durability and reliability of the plasma arc torch is improved.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
EP19890122434 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 Dispositif à plasma pour le soudage à arc Withdrawn EP0372500A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/280,240 US4929811A (en) 1988-12-05 1988-12-05 Plasma arc torch interlock with disabling control arrangement system
US280240 1988-12-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0372500A2 true EP0372500A2 (fr) 1990-06-13
EP0372500A3 EP0372500A3 (fr) 1991-06-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890122434 Withdrawn EP0372500A3 (fr) 1988-12-05 1989-12-05 Dispositif à plasma pour le soudage à arc

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4929811A (fr)
EP (1) EP0372500A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03114678A (fr)
KR (1) KR920004844B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU614449B2 (fr)
DK (1) DK612489A (fr)
FI (1) FI895806A7 (fr)
NO (1) NO894831L (fr)
PT (1) PT92492B (fr)

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FR2669847A1 (fr) * 1990-11-29 1992-06-05 Trafimet Trafilerie Metalliche Chalumeau coupeur a plasma, dans lequel le declenchement de l'amorcage est realise a l'aide d'un contact.
EP0480149A3 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-07-08 Messer Lincoln Gmbh Method and apparatus for welding and cutting
DE4300942A1 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-22 Esab Welding Products Inc
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DE102004033775A1 (de) * 2004-07-12 2006-02-02 Mapeko Feuer Gmbh + Co. Zündelektrode, Zündbrenner mit einer solchen Zündelektrode sowie Verfahren zum wechseln solcher Zündelektroden an einer Brennerlanze

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JP7112912B2 (ja) * 2018-08-31 2022-08-04 株式会社Fuji プラズマ発生装置と情報処理方法
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JP7309368B2 (ja) * 2019-01-21 2023-07-18 日鉄溶接工業株式会社 プラズマ加工装置
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0480149A3 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-07-08 Messer Lincoln Gmbh Method and apparatus for welding and cutting
FR2669847A1 (fr) * 1990-11-29 1992-06-05 Trafimet Trafilerie Metalliche Chalumeau coupeur a plasma, dans lequel le declenchement de l'amorcage est realise a l'aide d'un contact.
DE4300942A1 (fr) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-22 Esab Welding Products Inc
DE19548606A1 (de) * 1995-09-13 1997-03-20 Anton Koukal Verfahren zur Einleitung des Schneidbetriebes einer Plasma-Schneidmaschine
DE102004033775A1 (de) * 2004-07-12 2006-02-02 Mapeko Feuer Gmbh + Co. Zündelektrode, Zündbrenner mit einer solchen Zündelektrode sowie Verfahren zum wechseln solcher Zündelektroden an einer Brennerlanze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03114678A (ja) 1991-05-15
NO894831L (no) 1990-06-06
DK612489D0 (da) 1989-12-05
PT92492A (pt) 1990-06-29
KR900009206A (ko) 1990-07-02
AU614449B2 (en) 1991-08-29
AU4593889A (en) 1990-06-07
DK612489A (da) 1990-06-06
FI895806A7 (fi) 1990-06-06
EP0372500A3 (fr) 1991-06-05
FI895806A0 (fi) 1989-12-04
NO894831D0 (no) 1989-12-04
KR920004844B1 (ko) 1992-06-19
PT92492B (pt) 1995-09-12
US4929811A (en) 1990-05-29

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