EP0389738A2 - Fonctionnement d'une tête d'impression accordé par ajustement de la viscosité de l'encre - Google Patents

Fonctionnement d'une tête d'impression accordé par ajustement de la viscosité de l'encre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389738A2
EP0389738A2 EP90100366A EP90100366A EP0389738A2 EP 0389738 A2 EP0389738 A2 EP 0389738A2 EP 90100366 A EP90100366 A EP 90100366A EP 90100366 A EP90100366 A EP 90100366A EP 0389738 A2 EP0389738 A2 EP 0389738A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ink
nozzle
meniscus
nozzles
viscosity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90100366A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0389738A3 (fr
Inventor
Niels J. Nielsen
David R. Otis, Jr.
Kenneth E. Trueba
Arthur R. Hart
Donald B. Bergstedt
William R. Knight
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HP Inc
Original Assignee
Hewlett Packard Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett Packard Co filed Critical Hewlett Packard Co
Publication of EP0389738A2 publication Critical patent/EP0389738A2/fr
Publication of EP0389738A3 publication Critical patent/EP0389738A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/1433—Structure of nozzle plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1606—Coating the nozzle area or the ink chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/162—Manufacturing of the nozzle plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1625—Manufacturing processes electroforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/195—Ink jet characterised by ink handling for monitoring ink quality
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14475—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads characterised by nozzle shapes or number of orifices per chamber

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ink-jet printers, specifi­cally thermal ink-jet printers, and more particularly, to a structure for substantially improving the performance of the nozzle(s) in a thermal ink-jet printhead.
  • This im­provement in stability and consistency of operation ex­tends the firing frequency range of the nozzle and reduces cross-talk, as well as desensitizes the exterior surfaces of the jetting nozzles to their wettability state.
  • This invention is of particular value in those cir­cumstances of design in which other means of attaining the above-mentioned operating benefits are not available through geometry changes due to manufacturing process constraints.
  • any providently designed ink-jet printhead must include some features to accomplish decoupling between the nozzles and the common ink supply plenum so that the plenum does not supply a cross-talk path between neighboring nozzles.
  • the motion of the meniscus present in each nozzle must be carefully controlled so as to prevent any oscillation or "ringing" of the meniscus caused by refill dynamics from interfering with the ejection of subsequently fired droplets. Ordi­narily, the "settling time" required between firings sets a limit on the maximum repetition rate at which the nozzle can operate. If an ink droplet is fired from a nozzle too soon after the previous firing, the ringing of the meniscus modulates the quantity of ink in the second droplet out.
  • a small and very shal­low puddle of ink is typically "stranded" in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle after each firing and refill cycle.
  • low frequency operating conditions typically less than about 1,500 Hz - ample time exists between firings for essentially all of this stranded ink to be wicked back up by the nozzles.
  • high frequency operation typically greater than about 1,500 Hz and above - a new accumulation of puddled ink occurs at the nozzle lip.
  • This accumulation can also occur at low frequencies if (1) the surface tension of the ink is sufficiently low, (2) the exterior surface of the orifice plate is sufficiently wettable, or (3) the back pressure (defined as the abso­ lute value of the static negative gauge pressure in the ink plenum) is sufficiently high (at least about -6 inches H2O).
  • This accumulated ink has a deleterious effect upon print quality by capturing and deflecting the ejected ink droplet during the phase of droplet ejection when the tail is about to detach itself from the meniscus and follow the head of the droplet away from the nozzle.
  • This direction error is integrated over the flight time of the droplet to result in a dot place­ment position error on the print medium. Since these errors are random in magnitude and direction, the result is an unpredictable and serious degradation of print quality. In some cases, the ink accumulation is severe enough to completely block droplet ejection from the nozzle.
  • any providently designed ink jet printhead must include some features to minimize meniscus overshoot and minimize the time required for the meniscus oscilla­tions to decay away, so that the preceding scenario (referred to as "nozzle wet-out") is avoided.
  • wet-out can be caused or exacerbated by spray that breaks off the tail of the drop and rains back down on the nozzle plate. This is worst for low viscosi­ty, high velocity drops.
  • wet-out is prevented by maintaining a static negative pressure, also known as back pressure, throughout the ink supply system so as to define an equi­librium position for the meniscus which lies inside the nozzle bore.
  • a static negative pressure also known as back pressure
  • Another method involves the use of anti-­wetting coatings applied to the area surrounding the nozzle lip, which prevent meniscus breakoff during over-­shoot.
  • Yet another method is to increase the amount of viscous damping present in the ink supply system, thereby holding overshoot below the value required to initiate wet-out.
  • Still another method is to provide a contact-­line barrier that prevents the puddle from advancing out past a certain radius.
  • Anti-wetting coatings are of limited utility in preventing wet-out during overshoot since their lifetimes are typically shorter than that of the printheads to which they have been applied, causing wet-out to reappear prior to the completion of the printhead's service life. Fur­thermore, it is difficult to sufficiently immobilize these coatings so that wiping detritus from nozzles does not force the coating down into the bores, wreaking havoc irreversibly upon the printhead.
  • Resistive decoupling uses the fluid friction present in the ink feed channels as a means of dissipating the energy content of the cross-talk surges, thereby prevent­ing the dynamics of any single meniscus from being strong strictlyly felt by its nearest neighbors. In the prior art, this is typically implemented by making the ink feed channels longer or smaller in cross-section than the main supply plenum. While these are simple solutions, they have several drawbacks. First, such solutions rely upon fluid motion to generate the pressure drops associated with the energy dissipation; as such, they can only attenuate the cross-talk surges, not completely block them. Thus, some cross-talk "leakages" will always be present.
  • the feed channels are made as long and slender as possible, thereby maximizing the inertial aspect of the fluid entrained within them.
  • the inertia of the fluid "clamps" its ability to respond to cross-talk surges in proportion to the suddenness of the surge and thereby inhibits the transmission of cross-talk pulses into or out of the ink feed channel. While this decoupling scheme is used in the prior art, it requires considerable area within the print head to implement, making a compact structure impossible.
  • the resistive component of a pipe having a rectangular cross-section scales directly with length and inversely with the third power of the smaller of the two cross-­section dimensions, the flow resistance can grow to an unacceptable level, compromising refill speed. More importantly, however, are the dynamic effects caused by the coupling of this inertance to the compliance of the nozzle meniscus, as will be discussed below.
  • the inertia of the fluid entrained within the feed channel increases.
  • this inertia is coupled to the compliance of the meniscus in the nozzle, it results in a lower resonant frequency of oscillation of the meniscus, which requires a longer settling time between firings of the nozzle.
  • the inertial effect and the resistive effect are tied together, with the net effect being that settling time cannot be reduced.
  • Capacitive decoupling has been proven effective at droplet ejection frequencies below that corresponding to the resonant frequency of the nozzle meniscus coupled to the feed channel inertia.
  • its implementation at frequencies near meniscus resonance is also complicated by interactive effects.
  • the isolator orifice acts as a low impedance shunt path for high frequency surges.
  • the high frequency impedance of an ink feed channel terminated at its plenum end with an isolator orifice will be lower than an equivalent channel without an isolator. This means that during the bubble growth phase, blow-back flow away from the nozzle is increased by the isolator orifice.
  • the two-orifice system will thus resonate at a higher frequency, which is a benefit from a settling time point of view, but the energy stored in the resonat­ing system still needs to be dissipated and therefore constrictive damping will be necessary in such an imple­mentation. While the effects of these resonances is poorly understood at this time, the efficiency decrease may be severe enough to prevent the printhead from work­ing.
  • the viscos­ity of the jetted fluid is adjusted to control the quanti­ty of damping present in the fluid supply channels or refill ports of the ink jet printhead. Since any viscosi­ty increase acts to increase viscous damping present throughout the ink supply circuit, the feed channel dimensions in the supply circuit may be increased in order to prevent excessive pressure drops within the supply circuit. From a processing and manufacturing standpoint, enlargement of these features is simple, in contrast to the much more difficult problem of making the same fea­tures smaller, as would be required to enhance damping via the traditional techniques discussed above in the Back­ground Art.
  • the issue of insufficient damping at the manufacturable limit of the barrier struc­ture is addressed.
  • the channel architec­tures are enlarged to accommodate the thicker ink.
  • the original ink had a viscosity of 1.2 cp.
  • the intermediate ink viscosity was 5 cp.
  • the thickest ink had a viscosity of 11 cp.
  • This invention involves adjustment of ink viscosity as a means of enhancing printhead performance in situa­tions where hydraulic tuning is impossible or impractical, i.e., head architectures which are already at the limits of manufacturability and/or which are no longer available for changes due to other design constraints. Adjustment of ink viscosity allows an otherwise impossible range of tradeoffs between nozzle refill and meniscus settling time to be made in such printheads.
  • the operating speed im­provements which this technique permit are quite large: a three- to five-fold increase in operating speed over current state of the art.
  • This invention allows small drop-volume printers to operate without the ordinarily-encountered stability problems at droplet ejection rated above 10 kHz. It also allows the dynamics of ink droplet formation to be decou­pled from the wettability of the orifice plate, which prevents uneven frequency response, trajectory errors and air ingestion. It allows these printheads to avoid such characteristics even in those situations where similar tuning efforts (via inclusion of lumped resistive ele­ments, for instance) are prohibited.
  • FIG. 1 a portion of a printhead is depicted in FIG. 1.
  • a nozzle plate 10 in which are recessed a plurality of nozzles 12 in individual recesses 13.
  • Ink 14 is fired from resistors through the nozzles in a particular ar­rangement toward a print medium (e.g., paper) to form alphanumeric characters and graphics.
  • a print medium e.g., paper
  • FIG. 2 depicts a portion of a feed chamber 16 in which is located a resistor 18; there is one resistor associated with each nozzle 12.
  • Ink is fed into the feed chambers from a plenum (not shown).
  • the resistor 18 Upon receiving a pulse of energy from an external source, the resistor 18 is heated to a level sufficient to expel a droplet of ink 14 toward the print medium.
  • additional ink fills the chamber 16 in prepa­ration for another firing.
  • the nozzle 12 has a nozzle diameter d; each resistor covers a square area with side dimension s; the channel width is given by w.
  • the thickness of the nozzle plate 10 is t p
  • the thickness of barrier layer 20 is t b .
  • the printhead employs a barrier layer 20 comprising Vacrel 55 ⁇ m thick and a nozzle plate 10 comprising gold-plated nickel 63 ⁇ m thick.
  • the nozzles 12 are 47 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m diameter, with resistors 64 ⁇ m x 64 ⁇ m, and channel width 84 ⁇ m wide.
  • a puddle 22 of ink may form adjacent the nozzle 12. If not wicked back into the chamber, such a puddle may have a deleterious effect upon print quality by interfering with the droplet 14 of ink as it is ejected from the nozzle 12.
  • the meniscus overshoots its equilibrium position, is slowed, stopped, and eventu­ally reversed by the surface tension of the meniscus.
  • the maximum overshoot occurs when the meniscus is stopped.
  • ⁇ corresponds to the maximum overshoot of the meniscus.
  • the angle ⁇ is defined by a tangent to the meniscus surface at the nozzle perimeter and a line drawn parallel to the top plate surface. To avoid spillage onto the top plate, ⁇ should be less than ⁇ w , the characteris­tic wetting angle for the ink and top plate materials.
  • a stable drop generator is one that makes drops with consistent trajectories, volumes, speeds, and break-up patterns. In accordance with the invention, this stability becomes more likely as the viscosity is increased. This is because it is the damping effect of viscosity that will balance and control the inertial and surface forces that drive the refill and ejection process­es. Unstable drop generators with low viscosity are characterized by chaotic meniscus movement, large meniscus overshoots, erratic spray patterns, and puddles 22.
  • This stability can bo measured by looking at the accuracy and consistency of dot placement and size. Stability was measured by looking at line spacing on paper. The odd-numbered nozzles in the pen were fired across the page, forming a set of parallel lines. Then, an identical pattern was made with the even-numbered nozzles on a different part of the page. A vision system then examined the patterns, measuring line spacing uni­formity and line width uniformity.
  • diethylene glycol was used to increase the viscosity of the inks in the foregoing examples, it will be readily clear to those skilled in this art that the teachings of this invention are applicable to any of the water-miscible glycols typically used in ink-jet printing.
  • ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are but a few examples of the many glycols that are used in ink-jet printing, and an increase in the glycol content relative to water will accomplish the same purpose, with the same end result as indicated above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
EP19900100366 1989-03-27 1990-01-09 Fonctionnement d'une tête d'impression accordé par ajustement de la viscosité de l'encre Withdrawn EP0389738A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32921889A 1989-03-27 1989-03-27
US329218 1989-03-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389738A2 true EP0389738A2 (fr) 1990-10-03
EP0389738A3 EP0389738A3 (fr) 1991-01-09

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EP19900100366 Withdrawn EP0389738A3 (fr) 1989-03-27 1990-01-09 Fonctionnement d'une tête d'impression accordé par ajustement de la viscosité de l'encre

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0389738A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02281959A (fr)
CA (1) CA2006047A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4141203A1 (de) * 1990-12-14 1992-06-17 Ricoh Kk Tintenstrahl-schreibkopf und verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verfahren zum ausstossen eines tintentroepfchens durch einen tintenstrahl-schreibkopf
DE4223707A1 (de) * 1991-07-19 1993-01-21 Ricoh Kk Tintenstrahl-aufzeichnungseinrichtung, verfahren zum herstellen eines aufzeichnungskopfes und verfahren zum ausstossen von tintentroepfchen von einem aufzeichnungskopf
WO2001003933A1 (fr) * 1999-07-14 2001-01-18 Marconi Data Systems Inc. Generateur de gouttelettes pour tete d'impression a jet d'encre a flux continu
EP1195257A1 (fr) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-10 Eastman Kodak Company Formes d'ondes électrique pour empêcher l'éjection de goutellette d'encre satellite
US6561607B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-05-13 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for maintaining a substantially constant closely spaced working distance between an inkjet printhead and a printing receiver
US7879408B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2011-02-01 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus for spreading treating agent on a moving web
EP3424718A1 (fr) * 2017-06-23 2019-01-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Tête d'éjection de liquide et appareil d'éjection de liquide

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06286129A (ja) * 1992-02-20 1994-10-11 Seikosha Co Ltd インクジェットヘッド
US6130688A (en) * 1999-09-09 2000-10-10 Hewlett-Packard Company High efficiency orifice plate structure and printhead using the same
US6290331B1 (en) 1999-09-09 2001-09-18 Hewlett-Packard Company High efficiency orifice plate structure and printhead using the same
US7594507B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2009-09-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Thermal generation of droplets for aerosol
WO2012147009A1 (fr) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Fabrication de plaque de buses

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1127227A (fr) * 1977-10-03 1982-07-06 Ichiro Endo Procede d'enregistrement a jet liquide et appareil d'enregistrement
US4330787A (en) * 1978-10-31 1982-05-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid jet recording device
US4395287A (en) * 1980-12-01 1983-07-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid recording material
DE3402683C2 (de) * 1983-01-28 1994-06-09 Canon Kk Tintenstrahl-Aufzeichnungskopf
EP0231790A3 (fr) * 1986-01-30 1989-06-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Procédé de manufacture des structures laminées d'intégrité structural améliorée
JPS62290771A (ja) * 1986-06-10 1987-12-17 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 熱静電インクジエツト記録用インク

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4141203A1 (de) * 1990-12-14 1992-06-17 Ricoh Kk Tintenstrahl-schreibkopf und verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verfahren zum ausstossen eines tintentroepfchens durch einen tintenstrahl-schreibkopf
US5389962A (en) * 1990-12-14 1995-02-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Ink jet recording head assembly
DE4223707A1 (de) * 1991-07-19 1993-01-21 Ricoh Kk Tintenstrahl-aufzeichnungseinrichtung, verfahren zum herstellen eines aufzeichnungskopfes und verfahren zum ausstossen von tintentroepfchen von einem aufzeichnungskopf
US5754202A (en) * 1991-07-19 1998-05-19 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Ink jet recording apparatus
US7879408B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2011-02-01 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus for spreading treating agent on a moving web
WO2001003933A1 (fr) * 1999-07-14 2001-01-18 Marconi Data Systems Inc. Generateur de gouttelettes pour tete d'impression a jet d'encre a flux continu
US6637871B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2003-10-28 Videojet Technologies, Inc. Droplet generator for a continuous stream ink jet print head
EP1195257A1 (fr) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-10 Eastman Kodak Company Formes d'ondes électrique pour empêcher l'éjection de goutellette d'encre satellite
US6428135B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Electrical waveform for satellite suppression
US6561607B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-05-13 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for maintaining a substantially constant closely spaced working distance between an inkjet printhead and a printing receiver
EP3424718A1 (fr) * 2017-06-23 2019-01-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Tête d'éjection de liquide et appareil d'éjection de liquide
US10661565B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2020-05-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid ejecting head and liquid ejecting apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0389738A3 (fr) 1991-01-09
CA2006047A1 (fr) 1990-09-27
JPH02281959A (ja) 1990-11-19

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