Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/86—Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/123—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from carboxylic acids, e.g. sulfosuccinates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/18—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from amino alcohols
  • C11D1/20—Fatty acid condensates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/42—Amino alcohols or amino ethers
  • C11D1/44—Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
  • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

• the invention relates to low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions which consist essentially of water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing these surfactant compositions and their use.
• anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants in a molar ratio of about 1: 1 in the presence of water.
• These compositions with an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant are described as an aqueous suspension or emulsion and, in the case of higher concentrations, as a gel-like mass.
• US Pat. No. 3,684,736 discloses a surfactant composition consisting essentially of an ether sulfate as an anionic surfactant and dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride as a cationic surfactant in a ratio of 1: 1 and from more than 99% by weight of water.
• compositions which contain an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant have very advantageous surfactant properties, it would be extremely desirable to have compositions which are liquid and therefore easy to handle even at relatively high surfactant concentrations.
• Such surfactant compositions are described in more recent British Patent Application No. 2 195 653. These are aqueous emulsions consisting essentially of 10 parts of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of about 1: 1, 0.5 to 10 parts of an emulsifier and 15 to 100 parts of water.
• the emulsion is prepared, in brief, by mixing together the cationic and anionic surfactant in the stated molar ratio, heating the mixture until it melts, mixing the cooled, solidified melt with the emulsifier, heating this mixture until it is liquid, and adding Water until the desired oil-in-water emulsion is present.
• Contain the liquid surfactant formulations described in British Patent Application No. 2 195 653 Although, at least in part, a considerably higher amount of surfactant than that of the US patent mentioned, they, like this one, have a high emulsion-like or suspension-like character, ie they are not a clear liquid composition. In the case of the emulsions according to British patent application mentioned is also disadvantageous that its production is complex and complicated.
• cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N+ (R1, R2, R3, R4) X ⁇ (1), in which R1 and R2 represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units, R3 is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms, R4 is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms or the benzyl radical and X ⁇ an anion of an inorganic or organic acid.
• R1 and R2 represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units
• R3 is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms
• R4 is an alkyl radical or an
• surfactant compositions are produced in the way that at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 10) with water in an amount of 50 to 80 wt .-%, based on the total weight of anionic surfactant , Cationic surfactant and water, at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C to form two phases, waiting for the separation of the two phases and separating the desired concentrated surfactant phase from the lower salt phase.
• compositions are known from the prior art which contain water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Such compositions result, for example, from the fact that in addition to the large amount of water, the surfactants in question are also present in a laundry washing machine.
• French patent specification 2,388,882 describes solid surfactant compositions composed of nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. It goes without saying that all these surfactant mixtures are far removed from those according to the invention.
• the low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions according to the invention are characterized in that they have been prepared by mixing together 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.3 to 9 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 4 parts by weight , in particular 0.4 to 2.5 parts by weight, of a surfactant formulation consisting of 20 to 60% by weight of water, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, and 40 to 80% by weight, preferably 50 to 80% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 5), preferably 1: (0.4 to 2), the cationic surfactant being a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N+ (R1, R2, R3, R4) X ⁇ (1), in which R1 and R2 represent an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical having 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide Units and propylene
• surfactant formulations are generally clear liquids with a high content of usually an anionic and a cationic surfactant, so they are concentrated solutions of water-containing anionic / cationic surfactant complexes.
• anion and cation surfactants to be used for the preparation of the surfactant formulations are known and commercially available.
• the anionic surfactants used are preferably those of the sulfonate and sulfate type (preferably with an alkali metal or with ammonium as the cation).
• C6 to C22 alkanesulfonates C6 to C22- ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, (C6 to C22-alkyl) benzenesulfonates, N-C6 to C22-acyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethane-2-sulfonates (these are taurine derivatives), Sulfosuccinic acid mono- or sulfosuccinic acid di-C6 to C22-alkyl esters, C6 to C22 fatty alcohol sulfates or ethoxylated C6 to C22 fatty alcohol sulfates with 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, the alkanesulfonates, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulfates mentioned being particularly preferred.
• the C8 to C18 radicals are preferred (it goes without saying that the hydrophobic groups mentioned having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, can also contain double bonds) usually 1 to 3).
• Suitable anionic surfactants are mentioned below in detail: sodium C13 to C17 alkane sulfonate (primary or secondary alkane sulfonate), sodium C14 to C16 ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl-taurine, sodium dioctyl-sulfosuccinate, the sodium salt of ⁇ -sulfo-C14 to C18-fatty acid methyl ester, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium palmitylsulfate, sodium cocosalkylsulfate, sodium mono-sulfonate, sodium mono4-sulfate ethoxylated with sodium C13 to C17 alkan
• anionic surfactant While the type of anionic surfactant is generally not critical, certain quaternary ammonium salts are suitable as cationic surfactants (for example, those quaternary ammonium salts are unsuitable which have three or more short aliphatic radicals on the nitrogen atom, such as lauryl trimethyl, tallow alkyl trimethyl and dodecyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (see U.S. Patent 3,684,736 mentioned in the introduction).
• the quaternary ammonium salts to be used according to the invention correspond to formula 1 given above wherein R1 to R4 and X ⁇ have the meanings given.
• Preferred representatives of cation surfactants are those of the formula 1 when R 1 and R 2 (which may be the same or different) are an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide Units or ethylene oxide units and Propylene oxide units mean, R3 is an alkyl radical having 8 to 14 C atoms, preferably 8 to 10 C atoms, R4 has one of the meanings of R3 or the benzyl radical and X ⁇ is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid (which for R1 and R2 mentioned C1 to C4 alkyl radicals are preferably methyl or ethyl).
• anion X ⁇ in the cationic surfactant examples include inorganic acid residues, such as halide, preferably chloride or bromide, borate, phosphate and sulfate, organic acid residues of mono- or polyvalent, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic acids, such as formate, acetate, propionate , Laurate, stearate, oleate, lactate, citrate, sorbate, benzoate, salicylate and C1 to C3 alkosulfate anions, preferably the methosulfate anion.
• inorganic acid residues such as halide, preferably chloride or bromide, borate, phosphate and sulfate
• organic acid residues of mono- or polyvalent, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic acids such as formate, acetate, propionate , Laurate, stearate, oleate, lactate, citrate, sorbate, benzoate, salicylate and C
• cationic surfactants dioctyl Octyldecyldimethyl-, Didecyldimethyl-, Dilauryldimethyl-, Dioleyldimethyl-, Dicocosalkyldimethyl- and ditallowalkyldimethylammonium, Myristyldimethylbenzyl- and stearyl dimethyl, didecyl-methyl-oxethylammoniumpropionat, dioctyl polyoxethylammoniumpropionat, Ditalgalkyl-methyl-oxpropylammoniumchlorid.
• the surfactant formulations to be used according to the invention are the result of a special procedure when bringing the components water, anion and cation surfactant together.
• Anion surfactant, cation surfactant and water at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C, preferably 40 to 85 ° C, mixed to form two phases, the separation of the two phases is awaited and the upper desired concentrated surfactant phase separated from the lower salt phase .
• anion surfactants and cation surfactants to be used are often present as solids or as a gel-like surfactant-water mixture.
• anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and water preferably demineralized water, are mixed in the stated amount in a reaction vessel at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C., preferably 40 to 85 ° C., preferably with stirring, whereby it Formation of two phases comes.
• the order in which the three components are introduced into the reaction vessel is not critical. It is crucial that the three components are mixed well at the specified temperature.
• the mixing time is usually 5 to 90 minutes.
• the mixing time is advantageously 20 to 60 minutes.
• the upper phase represents the desired concentrated and liquid and at the same time clear, water-containing surfactant formulation
• the lower phase essentially consists of the anion of the cationic surfactant and the cation of the anionic surfactant formed salt contains dissolved in water.
• the desired surfactant phase (which in addition to the components water and surfactant may also contain some salt) can be obtained, for example, simply by pouring.
• the low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant composition according to the invention comprises, in addition to the surfactant formulation described above, at least one nonionic surfactant as a further component.
• the nonionic surfactants used are preferably those from the group of polyglycol ethers (generally only one nonionic surfactant is used).
• Preferred representatives of this group are (a) the oxalkylates of C8 to C18 alcohols (fatty alcohols, oxo alcohols), (C4 to C12 alkyl) phenols (mono-, di- or trialkyl-substituted), C8 to C18 fatty acids, C8 to C18 Fatty amines, C8 to C18 fatty acid amides and (C8 to C18 fatty acid) ethanolamides with (each) 2 to 30, preferably 4 to 15, ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units (in the oxalkylate group) and (b) the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, also known as nonionic surfactants, which consist of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000 and 5 to 50% by weight (condensed) ethylene oxide exist, percentages by weight based on the block polymer.
• nonionic surfactants consist of a propylene oxide
• nonionic surfactants are the oxalkylates mentioned in the form of the polyethylene glycol ethers (oxethylates) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, which consist of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,500 and 10 to 30% by weight of ethylene oxide, weight percentages based on the block polymer.
• Those nonionic surfactants are preferably used which have a cloud point - measured in butyl diglycol according to DIN 53 917 - from 30 to 100 ° C.
• the nonionic surfactants to be used according to the invention are known and commercially available. They are usually in the form of water-free, more or less viscous liquids, sometimes with a content of about 10 to 20% by weight of water.
• the low-foaming and low-temperature stable liquid surfactant compositions according to the invention are prepared in that the two components nonionic surfactant and surfactant formulation in a weight ratio of 1: (0.3 to 9), preferably 1: (0.4 to 4), in particular 1: (0.4 to 2.5), preferably brought together with stirring.
• the two components are mixed at room temperature or with heating to a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C., preferably 40 to 60 ° C.
• the two components mix relatively quickly to form a homogeneous and essentially clear liquid (especially if they are mixed while heated).
• the order in which the components are brought together is not critical. The only decisive factor is that the weight ratios mentioned are observed.
• the mixing time is generally 5 to 30 minutes, depending on the type of components and the mixing temperature.
• the surfactant compositions according to the invention essentially consist of an anionic and a cationic surfactant (anion / cation-surfactant complex), a nonionic surfactant and water.
• the amount of water essentially results from the surfactant formulation used and, depending on the surfactant formulation and the mixing ratio of surfactant formulation and nonionic surfactant, is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the surfactant composition.
• the surfactant compositions according to the invention have a number of advantages. They are concentrated and generally clear liquids on surfactants, which are characterized in particular by relatively low foaming (favorable foaming behavior), good wetting behavior and low pour points (favorable low-temperature behavior). Even when relatively highly viscous and cloudy-looking nonionic surfactant concentrates are used, clear and liquid and thus easy-to-handle compositions are obtained by mixing with the surfactant formulations described. They show only a slight tendency to foam and good network values. These values are particularly good when the cationic surfactant has a relatively short-chain hydrocarbon residue in the surfactant formulation used.
• the surfactant compositions according to the invention are distinguished in particular by their surprisingly favorable cold behavior.
• the mixing according to the invention can be used to produce, as it were, tailor-made surfactant compositions which, compared to the two surfactants used, often have greatly improved properties and thus possible uses.
• mixtures can be produced which are characterized in particular by one or more of the following properties: favorable foam and wetting behavior, low surface tension, high clarity and excellent cold behavior.
• the surfactant compositions according to the invention can be used as such or diluted with solvents such as water or alcohols.
• the surfactant compositions according to the invention are advantageously used for the preparation of low-foam and low-temperature surfactant concentrates, by mixing them with surfactant products in need of improvement, in order to impart low foam and low-temperature stability (low pour point) to them.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 1 and cationic surfactant 1 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. After this time, stirring and heating were stopped and the contents of the beaker (in which two phases were seen to form) were left to stand at room temperature for 5 hours. After this time, two distinct phases were formed.
• the upper clear phase, that is the desired surfactant phase or surfactant formulation 1 was obtained by pouring off the lower phase, that is the aqueous salt phase (NaCl).
• the liquid and somewhat cloudy surfactant formulation 1 consisted of 26% by weight of water and 74% by weight of anionic surfactant 1 plus cationic surfactant 1 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 0.1% by weight) . If the above-mentioned standing (standing time) of the contents of the beaker takes place after stopping the stirring while maintaining the temperature of 80 ° C., the formation of the two sharply separated phases is already over after one hour; by allowing the mixture to stand in the heat, the separation into the two phases is considerably accelerated.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 2 and cationic surfactant 2 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes and as at Treated surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 2 consisted of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of anionic surfactant 2 and cationic surfactant 2 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 0.1% by weight).
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 3 and cationic surfactant 3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 45 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 3 consisted of 32% by weight of water and 68% by weight of anionic surfactant 3 and cationic surfactant 3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 1% by weight).
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 4 and cationic surfactant 4 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 4 consisted of 27% by weight of water and 73% by weight of anionic surfactant 4 and cationic surfactant 4 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 1% by weight; also in the other surfactant formulations, the salt content was more or less below 1% by weight).
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 5 and cationic surfactant 5 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 5 consisted of 55% by weight of water and 45% by weight of anionic surfactant 5 and cationic surfactant 5 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 6 and cationic surfactant 6 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.7 was stirred well at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 6 consisted of 58% by weight of water and 42% by weight of anionic surfactant 6 and cationic surfactant 6 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.7.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 7 and cationic surfactant 7 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.5 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 7 consisted of 41% by weight of water and 59% by weight of anionic surfactant 7 and cationic surfactant 7 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.5.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 8 and cationic surfactant 8 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 90 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 8 consisted of 30% by weight of water and 70% by weight of anionic surfactant 8 and cationic surfactant 8 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 9 and cationic surfactant 9 in a molar ratio of 1: 4 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 9 consisted of 48% by weight of water and 52% by weight of anionic surfactant 9 and cationic surfactant 9 in a molar ratio of 1: 4.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 10 and cationic surfactant 10 in a molar ratio of 1: 2 was stirred well at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
• the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 10 consisted of 32% by weight of water and 68% by weight of anionic surfactant 10 and cationic surfactant 10 in a molar ratio of 1: 2.
• nonionic surfactant 1 and 700 g of surfactant formulation 4 were placed in a beaker and stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, after which there was a liquid and clear mixture.
• This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned to 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 27% by weight of water and 73% by weight of the anion / cation mentioned.
• Surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: 1 were mixed together at room temperature.
• nonionic surfactant 3 and 500 g of surfactant formulation 2 were placed in a beaker and stirred at 60 ° C for 10 minutes, whereupon a liquid and slightly cloudy mixture was present.
• This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned with 1 part by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of the anion / cation surfactant mentioned Molar ratio of 1: 1, were mixed together at 60 ° C.
• Examples 4 to 15, in which a liquid (easily pourable) and more or less clear surfactant composition according to the invention were likewise obtained, are summarized in Table 1 below.
• Table 1 provides information on the nonionic surfactants and surfactant formulations used and on the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to surfactant formulation. For the sake of completeness, Table 1 also contains the corresponding information from Examples 1 to 3: Table 1 Example No. Nonionic surfactant no. Surfactant Formulation No.
• Table 2 below shows the properties of the 15 surfactant compositions according to the invention from Examples 1 to 15, namely the pour points, the foam values, the wetting values and the surface tension values. Table 2 also shows the pour points, foam values, network values and surface tension values (in order to provide a direct comparison) of the 12 nonionic surfactants and 10 surfactant formulations used to prepare the surfactant compositions.
• the 12 nonionic surfactants used are designated A1 to A12, the 10 surfactant compositions used B1 to B10 and the 15 surfactant compositions according to the invention C1 to C15.
• the pour points of the surfactant compositions according to the invention are in some cases far below the pour points of the nonionic surfactants and surfactant formulations used. Because of this obviously high synergistic effect, the new surfactant compositions have an extremely favorable cooling behavior. The other properties tested, in particular the foaming behavior, also have good values.
• the pour point was determined according to DIN-ISO 3016. 50 to 80 g of the surfactant composition were placed in a beaker and cooled until the composition which was liquid and readily pourable at room temperature was no longer pourable. The temperature at the time is referred to as the pour point of the composition.
• the foam value was determined in accordance with DIN 53 902. 1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. About 200 ml of this solution were added to the 1000 ml measuring cylinder and beaten thirty times with the perforated beating disc. The resulting foam height in the measuring cylinder, expressed in milliliters, represents the foam value.
• the surface tension was determined in accordance with DIN 53 914. 0.1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. The surface tension of this solution was measured in mN / m using a conventional tensiometer using the ring tear-off method.
• the wetting capacity was determined in accordance with DIN 53 901. 1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. A cotton plate was dipped into the solution. The time was measured after the plate had been immersed until it began to sink further into the solution. This time in seconds represents the wetting ability (if the cotton plate is wetted quickly, which means high wetting power, it drops after a few seconds).

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• 1989
  • 1989-04-06 DE DE3911098A patent/DE3911098A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1990
  • 1990-04-03 BR BR909001527A patent/BR9001527A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-04-04 EP EP90106442A patent/EP0391392B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-04-04 DE DE59009425T patent/DE59009425D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-04-04 ES ES90106442T patent/ES2076984T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-04-04 AT AT90106442T patent/ATE125564T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-04-05 JP JP2089261A patent/JPH02284639A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-04-05 CA CA002013920A patent/CA2013920A1/fr not_active Abandoned
• 1992
  • 1992-05-28 US US07/890,431 patent/US5298193A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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