EP0393540A2 - Procédé de revêtement galvanique de segments de surface, qui sont situés sur la surface d'un objet et outil fabriqué selon ce procédé, en particulier meule de rectification - Google Patents

Procédé de revêtement galvanique de segments de surface, qui sont situés sur la surface d'un objet et outil fabriqué selon ce procédé, en particulier meule de rectification Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0393540A2
EP0393540A2 EP90107126A EP90107126A EP0393540A2 EP 0393540 A2 EP0393540 A2 EP 0393540A2 EP 90107126 A EP90107126 A EP 90107126A EP 90107126 A EP90107126 A EP 90107126A EP 0393540 A2 EP0393540 A2 EP 0393540A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base body
corrugation
coated
segment surfaces
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90107126A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0393540B1 (fr
EP0393540A3 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter Benthin
Dieter Kühl
Willi Kunz
Ernst Jungclaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Diamantwerkzeuge GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Ernst Winter and Sohn Diamantwekzeuge GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ernst Winter and Sohn Diamantwekzeuge GmbH and Co filed Critical Ernst Winter and Sohn Diamantwekzeuge GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0393540A2 publication Critical patent/EP0393540A2/fr
Publication of EP0393540A3 publication Critical patent/EP0393540A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0393540B1 publication Critical patent/EP0393540B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
    • C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0018—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by electrolytic deposition

Definitions

  • a galvanic application of metals or metallically bound substances on the surface of a base body is carried out for a wide variety of purposes. For example, it is customary to apply a metallic layer galvanically to a base body for protection against corrosion or to influence the surface roughness of the body or to provide protection against wear or to provide the base body, in particular a piece of jewelry, with a decoration. Furthermore, these methods are generally used in the production of grinding tools, in particular grinding wheels, in order to provide the surface of a base body with metal-bonded grinding grains.
  • both the coated segment surfaces and the uncoated open surfaces of the base body in terms of their shape, size and Distance should be constant.
  • Either the free surfaces or the coated segment surfaces can represent certain geometrical shapes such as circles, circular surfaces, rectangles, circular blanks or, for example, helical figures on cylindrical base bodies.
  • the metallic base body or the base body provided with a metallic coating is connected to an electrode and introduced into the galvanic bath, in which a second electrode is applied to the metallic material dispenser. If the circuit is closed, the galvanic layer from the donor metal is deposited on the surface of the metallic conductive base body. If only geometrically defined, that is to say limited, surface segments are to be coated, then the deposition-free surface segments must be covered. According to known methods, this is done, for example, by partially painting the base body or by introducing it into complicated shapes Men, in which the base body is partially covered compared to the galvanic bath or for example by masking off those surface sections that should remain free. However, these known methods are particularly expensive when relatively small, geometrically defined areas are provided both for a coating and as areas that remain free.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for coating the segment surfaces of a base body by means of electrodeposition, according to which extremely small segments and free spaces in a desired size and depth can be produced with little effort on curved surfaces.
  • the surface of the base body is first mechanically provided with a corrugation or knurling, which is coated with an insulating material such as a lacquer, and then exposed segment surfaces are created by removing the surface, the segment surfaces are galvanically coated, and that between the coated segment surfaces lying insulating material is removed.
  • a base body made of an electrically conductive material such as aluminum can be deformed on its surface by rolling with a hard roller or the like in such a way that its surface has a corrugation which consists of intersecting grooves. If these are notch-shaped grooves running transversely to one another, the corrugation consists of pyramid-shaped bodies standing next to one another, which are particularly suitable for the production of grinding wheels for reasons which will be explained below.
  • the surface shaped in this way is then completely covered with an insulating material, which preferably consists of a synthetic resin lacquer such as acrylic resin, so that the base body only needs to be immersed. In this state, galvanic deposition on the surface of the base body would not be possible.
  • the surface of the base body to be coated is exposed by removing the outer layer of paint until the surfaces to be coated become visible should be tested.
  • the depth of the later exposed spaces can be predetermined by a further removal by machining, if the segments have a circular or rectangular or square cross section, for example. If the corrugation or knurling has been carried out beforehand in such a way that the protruding segments have the shape of pyramids, the size of the segment surfaces to be coated can be determined by the extent of the removal of the base body, since they cut with progressive chip removal from the top of the pyramid to the bottom increases continuously as the depth of the gaps decreases. After the cutting process, the insulating material is initially left in the gaps, so that the galvanic deposition of a metal or a metal with abrasive grains is then restricted to the exposed, outer segment surfaces.
  • the spaces be cleaned by removing the insulating compound or the lacquer, for example by dissolving it or washing it.
  • a shape in the manner of a cylinder which in turn bears a corrugation, which already the manufacture of the base body is incorporated into its surface.
  • a multi-part cylindrical shape can be used, which is provided with a corrugation on its inside, the base body to be produced, for example, consisting of a core made of plastic, which carries a ring made of plastic and a metallic filler, which in the annular space between the core and Form is pressed in, so that using one and the same form is already provided with a corrugation during the manufacture of a base body and therefore requires no after-treatment.
  • the grinding wheel shown in part in FIG. 1 consists of a base body 1, which is provided on its peripheral surface with strip-shaped segments 2, which carry a galvanically deposited coating of abrasive grains with a metal bond such as nickel. Of this coating, the metallic coating is 8 and the abrasive grains are 9. Between Segments 2 are strip-shaped depressions 3 for the reception of chips and the supply and discharge of cooling water.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 and the section corresponding to FIG. 3 show smaller segments 2 with a square cross-section and interstices or depressions 3.
  • These corrugations or knurls can also be produced by roller burnishing if the base body 1 is made, for example, of a relatively soft material such as There is aluminum in which the profile is pressed or pressed in with a hard roller.
  • the embodiment of a grinding wheel according to Figures 4 to 9 shows a corrugation 4, which is composed of pyramid-shaped bodies 5, which can also be produced by rolling with a hard roller from transverse grooves.
  • the corrugation 4 is coated with a lacquer 6 made of acrylic resin or another insulating material up to the tips of the pyramid-shaped bodies 5 after its production.
  • the outer lacquer layer 6 as well as the tips of the pyramid-shaped body 5 lying underneath can be removed by machining, so that segment-shaped exposed metal surfaces with a width "b" which are evenly distributed over the circumference are created for a subsequent one galvanic coating with a metal.
  • the extent of the width "b" is dependent on the extent of the removal and can therefore be predetermined. Accordingly, the depth "t" of the spaces for the reception of chips and coolant can be predetermined.
  • the segment faces 7 are coated with a metal such as nickel as a metallic coating 8 with abrasive grains 9 in the galvanic bath in accordance with the arrows 10 in the galvanic bath, which can consist of diamond.
  • a metal such as nickel as a metallic coating 8 with abrasive grains 9 in the galvanic bath in accordance with the arrows 10 in the galvanic bath, which can consist of diamond.
  • the lacquer 6 can then be removed to expose the intermediate spaces, so that a cross section according to FIG. 7 results.
  • a corrugation 4 can be formed on the base body 1 according to FIG. 10 using a preferably multi-part cylindrical shape 14 which is provided with a corrugation 15 on its inner wall.
  • a plastic core 12 of the base body is inserted into the mold and then a plastic is pressed into the space with a metal filler in the manner of a ring, so that the corrugation 15 is transferred to the base body 1 consisting of the parts 12 and 13 with the advantage that the base body for producing the corrugation is not needs to be reworked.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
EP90107126A 1989-04-18 1990-04-13 Procédé de revêtement galvanique de segments de surface, qui sont situés sur la surface d'un objet et outil fabriqué selon ce procédé, en particulier meule de rectification Expired - Lifetime EP0393540B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3912681 1989-04-18
DE3912681A DE3912681A1 (de) 1989-04-18 1989-04-18 Verfahren zum galvanischen beschichten von segmentflaechen, die auf der oberflaeche eines grundkoerpers angeordnet sind und danach hergestellte erzeugnisse

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0393540A2 true EP0393540A2 (fr) 1990-10-24
EP0393540A3 EP0393540A3 (fr) 1991-09-11
EP0393540B1 EP0393540B1 (fr) 1992-11-25

Family

ID=6378909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90107126A Expired - Lifetime EP0393540B1 (fr) 1989-04-18 1990-04-13 Procédé de revêtement galvanique de segments de surface, qui sont situés sur la surface d'un objet et outil fabriqué selon ce procédé, en particulier meule de rectification

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0393540B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3912681A1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0530528A1 (fr) * 1991-09-05 1993-03-10 Kapp GmbH & Co. KG Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Outil de meulage
WO1997012727A1 (fr) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Procede et un appareil servant a moleter une piece a usiner, procede de moulage d'un article a l'aide de ladite piece, et article ainsi obtenu
DE19755061A1 (de) * 1996-12-19 1998-07-02 Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc Herstellverfahren zur Beschichtung eines mechanisch zu bearbeitenden metallischen Bauteiles
US5946991A (en) * 1997-09-03 1999-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for knurling a workpiece
US5975987A (en) * 1995-10-05 1999-11-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for knurling a workpiece, method of molding an article with such workpiece, and such molded article
US5997597A (en) * 1998-02-24 1999-12-07 Norton Company Abrasive tool with knurled surface
EP0950470A3 (fr) * 1998-04-13 2002-01-02 Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha Outil abrasif et son procédé de fabrication
EP1120196A3 (fr) * 2000-01-19 2003-10-29 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Meule abrasive galvanisée et son dispositif de fabrication
EP1346658A3 (fr) * 2002-03-21 2004-08-11 Select Jewelry, Inc. Surface d'article de bijouterie taillée comme un diamant
US6862898B2 (en) 2002-03-21 2005-03-08 Select Jewelry, Inc. Article of jewelry
WO2006024274A1 (fr) * 2004-09-02 2006-03-09 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Meule et procede de fabrication de ladite meule
WO2010100073A1 (fr) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-10 Rhodius Schleifwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co Kg Tige de meulage
CN103603019A (zh) * 2013-11-15 2014-02-26 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种引入了脉冲电源的金刚石滚轮镀层的电镀方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4119872C2 (de) * 1991-06-17 1994-06-30 Kapp Werkzeugmasch Rotierendes Werkzeug zur spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von harten Werkstücken
DE4218412C2 (de) * 1992-06-04 1994-07-21 Jakob Lach Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Diamantschmuck
DE29701940U1 (de) * 1997-02-04 1998-06-04 Heiberger, Ernst, 73072 Donzdorf Werkzeugscheibe zur spanabhebenden Bearbeitung weicherer Werkstoffe
CN106591900B (zh) * 2016-11-30 2018-08-10 华侨大学 一种基于屏蔽层机械去除设备的电镀磨粒工具分段电镀方法
CN109773671B (zh) * 2017-12-05 2020-11-20 长沙理工大学 一种有序微槽结构多层超硬磨料电镀砂轮
CN112589696A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-02 东莞市森永精密磨具有限公司 一种复合型超硬磨具及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1186962B (de) * 1961-07-25 1965-02-11 Fritz Wendt K G Schleifwerkzeug fuer das elektroerosive, insbesondere elektrolytische Bearbeiten metallischer Werkstuecke
US3762882A (en) * 1971-06-23 1973-10-02 Di Coat Corp Wear resistant diamond coating and method of application
SE7707223L (sv) * 1976-06-24 1977-12-25 Wiand Richard Keith Forfarande for framstellning av sliporgan
DE2638195A1 (de) * 1976-08-25 1978-03-02 Braun Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von dekoren
DE2802027A1 (de) * 1978-01-18 1979-07-19 Elgin Diamond Prod Diamantschleifwerkzeug und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
IT1092437B (it) * 1978-02-07 1985-07-12 Sambonet Spa Processo per l'ottenimento di decorazioni metalliche su superfici metalliche
PL121916B1 (en) * 1979-08-25 1982-06-30 Przemyslu Narzedziowego Vis K Method of manufacturing abrasive tools with a metallic galvanic bindereskim gal'vanicheskim vjazhuhhim
YU43028B (en) * 1981-07-20 1989-02-28 Sandor Ihalek Electrochemical method of manufacturing jewelry made of gold and silver
DE3328067A1 (de) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Bad und verfahren zum galvanischen abscheiden von edelmetall- und edelmetallhaltigen dispersionsueberzuegen
DE3435595A1 (de) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho, Tokio/Tokyo Verfahren zur herstellung von schleifsteinen
DD234447B1 (de) * 1985-02-06 1988-10-19 Galvano Wernigerode Veb Verfahren zur herstellung von schleifwerkzeugen aus superharten schneidstoffen
AU1215788A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-01 Diabrasive International Ltd. Flexible abrasives
DE3706867A1 (de) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-15 Winter & Sohn Ernst Schneidsegment fuer eine saege zur steinbearbeitung
DE3802872A1 (de) * 1988-02-01 1989-08-10 Peter Birkenmeier Verfahren zur herstellung von dekorflaechen

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0530528A1 (fr) * 1991-09-05 1993-03-10 Kapp GmbH & Co. KG Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Outil de meulage
WO1997012727A1 (fr) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Procede et un appareil servant a moleter une piece a usiner, procede de moulage d'un article a l'aide de ladite piece, et article ainsi obtenu
US5975987A (en) * 1995-10-05 1999-11-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for knurling a workpiece, method of molding an article with such workpiece, and such molded article
DE19755061A1 (de) * 1996-12-19 1998-07-02 Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc Herstellverfahren zur Beschichtung eines mechanisch zu bearbeitenden metallischen Bauteiles
DE19755061C2 (de) * 1996-12-19 2003-04-30 Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg Verwendung eines Verfahrens zur Beschichtung und Bearbeitung bei einem Bremsenbauteil sowie zugehöriges Bremsenbauteil
US6959575B2 (en) 1997-09-03 2005-11-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Kurling tool
US5946991A (en) * 1997-09-03 1999-09-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for knurling a workpiece
US6238611B1 (en) 1997-09-03 2001-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for knurling a workpiece, method of molding an article with such workpiece and such molded article
US6386079B2 (en) 1997-09-03 2002-05-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Method and apparatus for knurling a workpiece, method of molding an article with such workpiece, and such molded article
US5997597A (en) * 1998-02-24 1999-12-07 Norton Company Abrasive tool with knurled surface
EP0950470A3 (fr) * 1998-04-13 2002-01-02 Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha Outil abrasif et son procédé de fabrication
EP1120196A3 (fr) * 2000-01-19 2003-10-29 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Meule abrasive galvanisée et son dispositif de fabrication
US6875098B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2005-04-05 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Electroplated grinding wheel and its production equipment and method
US6862898B2 (en) 2002-03-21 2005-03-08 Select Jewelry, Inc. Article of jewelry
EP1346658A3 (fr) * 2002-03-21 2004-08-11 Select Jewelry, Inc. Surface d'article de bijouterie taillée comme un diamant
US7140200B2 (en) 2002-03-21 2006-11-28 Select Jewelry Inc. Article of jewelry
CN1311767C (zh) * 2002-03-21 2007-04-25 精选珠宝公司 装饰性的金刚石切割珠宝表面
WO2006024274A1 (fr) * 2004-09-02 2006-03-09 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Meule et procede de fabrication de ladite meule
WO2010100073A1 (fr) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-10 Rhodius Schleifwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co Kg Tige de meulage
CN103603019A (zh) * 2013-11-15 2014-02-26 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种引入了脉冲电源的金刚石滚轮镀层的电镀方法
CN103603019B (zh) * 2013-11-15 2016-07-06 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种引入了脉冲电源的金刚石滚轮镀层的电镀方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0393540B1 (fr) 1992-11-25
DE59000498D1 (de) 1993-01-07
EP0393540A3 (fr) 1991-09-11
DE3912681A1 (de) 1990-10-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0393540B1 (fr) Procédé de revêtement galvanique de segments de surface, qui sont situés sur la surface d'un objet et outil fabriqué selon ce procédé, en particulier meule de rectification
DE69433547T2 (de) Gemustertes schleifmittel und verfahren
DE2235503C2 (fr)
DE3741421C2 (de) Galvanoformungs-Verfahren
DE3307171A1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellen eines polierelements und polierer
EP0602333A1 (fr) Disque à ponces des surfaces de pièces
EP0072374B1 (fr) Procédé pour équiper des outils métalliques à brosser avec des particules abrasifs et outil métallique à brosser obtenu par ce procédé
EP0900533A2 (fr) Hollow jewel
DE69403565T2 (de) Rohrelektrode für Funkenerosionsbearbeitung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE2945778A1 (de) Nahtloser siebdruckzylinder und herstellungsverfahren dafuer
DE69009911T2 (de) Elektrode für Elektroentladungsbearbeitung.
DE2163632A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olab streifringen
DE2651293A1 (de) Verfahren zur feinbearbeitung optischer flaechen, werkzeug zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens sowie verfahren zur herstellung des bearbeitungswerkzeugs
DE2728632A1 (de) Schleifzeug und herstellungsverfahren
DE2758285A1 (de) Schleifscheibe und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
CH684249A5 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formgetreuen Negativformkörpers, Anwendung des Verfahrens sowie damit hergestellte Negativformkörper und Werkzeuge.
DE19532375C2 (de) Tiefziehwerkzeug mit einer austauschbaren Formschale
DE3530974C1 (en) Grinding wheel for machining the edges of spectacle glasses, and a process for producing it
DE2555419C2 (de) Kathode zur Herstellung von Nickelkörpern
DE3611833C2 (fr)
WO2004094111A1 (fr) Procede pour realiser un outil abrasif
DE9320953U1 (de) Radfelge
DE29913046U1 (de) Schleifscheibe
DE2438487A1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellen eines abrichtwerkzeuges, insbesondere fuer schleifscheiben und danach hergestelltes erzeugnis
DE2520698B2 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines ölabstreifringes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19910902

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920415

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59000498

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930107

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
ET Fr: translation filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19930304

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 90107126.6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19960322

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19960404

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19960412

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19960502

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19960511

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19970413

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19970414

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970430

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970430

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19970413

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980101

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 90107126.6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050413