EP0400329A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'éléments poreux de grandes dimensions et à faible densité par gonflage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'éléments poreux de grandes dimensions et à faible densité par gonflage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0400329A2
EP0400329A2 EP90108010A EP90108010A EP0400329A2 EP 0400329 A2 EP0400329 A2 EP 0400329A2 EP 90108010 A EP90108010 A EP 90108010A EP 90108010 A EP90108010 A EP 90108010A EP 0400329 A2 EP0400329 A2 EP 0400329A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clay
mass
clay mass
rollers
zone
Prior art date
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Application number
EP90108010A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0400329A3 (fr
EP0400329B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Vahlbrauk
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Loro-Holding K H Vahlbrauk KG
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Loro-Holding K H Vahlbrauk KG
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Priority to AT90108010T priority Critical patent/ATE96367T1/de
Publication of EP0400329A2 publication Critical patent/EP0400329A2/fr
Publication of EP0400329A3 publication Critical patent/EP0400329A3/fr
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Publication of EP0400329B1 publication Critical patent/EP0400329B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0067—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising conveyors where the translation is communicated by friction from at least one rotating element, e.g. two opposed rotations combined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
    • F27M2003/09—Expanding the charge, e.g. clay

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Basalts, perlite, slate and clays are mainly considered as masses.
  • German patent specification 22 16 463 proposes that clay masses preformed in block form be blown on kiln cars in a double tunnel kiln.
  • DE-OS 36 35 672 and DE-OS 36 21 845 A1 it was proposed to burn molded articles with channels in a rapid-fire bogie hearth furnace and to fill the channels of the molded body by blowing.
  • the shaping is due to the pressing process and because there is no further supply of heat to the material, is associated with inevitable impairment of the internal structure and with uneven compression of the molded body.
  • the shaped body is formed in that the bulk material is applied in layers with direct action of heat on the respective upper layer, sintered in layers and optionally expanded.
  • the particles (DE 21 24 146 C2) fall on tunnel kiln cars or a conveyor belt and are collected, whereby the thickness of the resulting layer can depend on the leaching speed of the conveyor belt. Since the surface of the particles is sticky when they hit the conveyor belt, they are glued or fused together (DE-AS 14 71 408).
  • the top layer 015 Due to the fact that the layer underneath has a much longer heat treatment time, the top layer 015, with this method, strong irregularities in the body are to be expected, especially if if the expansion takes place simultaneously with the shaping and with a device which is too large as a result of the heat transfer area being too small in relation to the amount of the clay to be treated.
  • the heat can be supplied very slowly in this case, if the shaping takes place by sintering and expanding the particles, the number of usable naturally expandable raw materials is low, since only a few raw materials suitably expand when slowly heated.
  • To slow heating of the clay mass is investigating the loss of Blähvermogen by 26 to fight 04,793 by adding certain foaming aid according to DE-AS that can be used for heating times of up to 180 minutes and heating rates of 2 o C per minute.
  • the energy expenditure in this process is due to the low loading density due to the low density material, the large firing mold volume and the large dimensions of the treatment device, as well as the wear and the high price of the individual items to be moved with the material very high.
  • DE-PS 29 41 370 C2 Since material with low density has already expanded there, the material that later expands from the core zone with high density can then no longer expand, with the result that uneven density distribution arises in the block. According to DE-PS 29 41 370 C2, one tries to compensate for the unevenness of the bloating by inhomogeneously compacting the pile before firing, the edge areas being compressed more than the core area and the free space resulting from the greater compression being filled with a further pile becomes.
  • DE-OS 34 17 851 A1 it is proposed to achieve highly porous ceramic moldings with a uniform structure in that the granular and dried raw materials are fired in a capsule space sealed against the outside atmosphere from the beginning with controlled excess pressure until they expand.
  • porous ceramic shaped bodies with a substantially uniform pore distribution as a result of uniform inflation of the dried and preformed
  • the material volume of which takes up 40 to 60% of the interior of the mold before heating the strength of the required volume increase, which can lead to a fivefold increase in the volume of the clay mass and thus in the expansion of fillings of the volume of the individual fill particles, in order to move from the high density of the natural clay to that of the block to be produced, has low density Freeing inevitably uneven volume increase due to mutual hindrance of the bulk particles in thermal, mechanical and possibly fluid mechanical terms and thus an uneven density and shape structure of the product to be produced.
  • DE-PS 19 14 372 a method is described in which, from expandable granules of approximately uniform size, first of all, a dimensionally adapted, rigidly supported bulk body is formed, which then alternates briefly from opposite sides until reaching a plastic one blow-through surface state of all granules is blown with high-temperature gas.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that sufficient uniformity of the thermal treatment and rate of heating of the material can only be achieved with uneconomically high flow velocity when flowing through a bed, in particular because the expansion of the gap volume of the bed caused by the expansion increases the pressure considerably to maintain the flow makes necessary.
  • the gases flowing through the bed disturb the formation of a gas composition which is the same in the particles and between the particles and influence the bulk material thermally and chemically, in particular with regard to reduction or oxidation of the particle shells, in the edge zones different than in the core zone thereof, which leads to uneven product quality.
  • the hot gases introduced from the outside first heat the device, which can lead to device overheating and thus sticking of the goods to the devices.
  • the resulting non-uniformity of temperature and chemical composition of the gases in the aggregate causes overburn Local quality fluctuations in the manufactured goods extend to the point where individual bulk particles are not bound. It has been shown that the introduction of gases into the heap for the purpose of supplying heat to the heap during shaping by means of combustion in the heap or by means of hot gas flow can increase the heating speed of the material considerably, but the speed is still too low and especially Treatment too unevenly.
  • the state-of-the-art methods have significant shortcomings with regard to thermal, chemical and mechanical treatment of the clay mass, with disadvantageous consequences for device expenditure, energy expenditure, product quality and process safety, in particular in connection with heating, shape, support, caking and movement of the clay mass.
  • the clay mass is not heated quickly enough because the heat flow has to overcome too great a heat transfer resistance on the way into the clay mass or because heat is stored on the way there in other masses such as firing molding compounds and they are stored in them is not transported on to the clay mass and because the energy flow density or energy conversion density in the vicinity of the clay mass or firing mold mass is not high enough.
  • Heat is stored in device parts moving in parallel with the clay mass, for example in rigid firing forms moving in parallel with the clay mass, or in caterpillar links and bands, which also results in an increase in thermal energy costs due to increased storage heat losses in terms of energy expenditure.
  • the heat transfer resistance is too great if the heat transfer path in the clay is too long, for example because the Clay was increased before it was warmed up by cold foaming and the heat transport path is not extended during the warming process by blowing, or if the heat transport resistance around the clay mass is too high because it is surrounded by a rigid firing form.
  • Inadequate thermal treatment due to slow heating reduces the space-time yield and has the consequence that the required device is too large and consequently the device and energy expenditure is too high, due to excessive thermal energy costs due to excessive wall heat losses.
  • the heating costs due to the type of heating are too high, due to excessive thermal energy costs due to excessive gas heat losses due to excessive exhaust gas volume or excessive exhaust gas temperature or due to excessive electrical energy costs due to heating by means of capacitive electrical heat with high conversion losses, whereby this heating type is also associated with high innovation risk at high temperatures , or due to a hot gas flow through the clay mass with large flow resistances.
  • the clay mass used in the cold shaping it is either shaped as a compact clay mass or is subdivided, e.g. in the form of several individual partial clay masses, e.g. are combined to form a bulk body, or in the form of a clay mass with channels or a cold-foamed porous clay mass.
  • the blowing is carried out partially or exclusively before the necessary sintering of the partial clay masses to reunite them to form a whole clay mass, i.e. before the sintering of areas of the individual or contiguous ones Partial clay masses are carried out (in this way the surfaces of the partial clay masses are oxidized in order to stabilize them, to form a firmer shell and to make the surface non-tacky.
  • the expanding clay mass is supported in a disadvantageous manner both when expanding a non-pre-expanded and when expanding and sintering a pre-expanded clay.
  • the clay mass is pre-expanded or so cold-formed that it already has the external dimensions of the molded product body before expansion or expansion, especially when the clay mass is supported on all sides, if the clay mass is in the form of a bed, only that for closing takes place of the gap volume requires expansion with simultaneous sintering and the volume is increased evenly, since most of the volume increase of the bulk particles can be carried out, while deliberately preventing their mutual hindrance and the thus evenly expanded bulk particles in an upstream, uniform spatial density distribution in the dimensions of the material to be produced Block are merged, whereby even a possible non-uniform volume increase during inflation to close the gap volume, the upstream uniform spatial density distribution n can no longer significantly impair.
  • strong pressure builds up in the clay mass due to the relentless support on all sides. With increasing pressure, the tendency of the expanding clay mass on the device to cure increases in particular.
  • the clay mass expands freely because there is no all-round support of the expanding clay mass.
  • the bloating is too uneven because the warm shape of the clay mass is too uncontrolled and with too little pressure.
  • Back pressure only at the end of the expansion due to rigid support on all sides to subsequently equalize the mass distribution within the molded body volume is not possible to the required extent and is associated with excessive pressure between the clay mass and the device.
  • the warm shaping takes place with too great a shaping force, as a result of too much adhesive or frictional force due to excessive pressure on the contact surface between the clay mass and the device from inside or outside and thus too much force or energy required for the movement of the clay mass.
  • the method according to the invention solves the highly complex problem of uniformly carrying out the expansion process during the shaping in the shortest possible time with the defined process quality over the entire good cross section, which is at the same time a prerequisite for the economical mass production of high-quality cell-ceramic moldings and according to the known prior art has proven to be an unsolvable problem.
  • the method according to the invention allows the favorable blowing results, which are achieved on small blowing bodies in the laboratory chamber furnace under the material and thermal engineering conditions that are almost ideal for the blowing process, can now also be achieved in the proposed large-scale continuous strand production process by the clay mass is available as a compact mass in the form of a thin plate shape, which can be heated quickly and evenly due to short heat conduction paths and large heat transfer surfaces and due to simple geometry and can thus be inflated strongly and evenly.
  • a molded body made of clay Since a molded body made of clay has the required strength and other required properties only when the clay from which it is made has been fired, the clay must be fired.
  • a shaped and dried clay mass is converted into a dimensionally stable, solid, ceramic shaped body on the one hand by splitting off the water chemically bound in the clay minerals and on the other hand by sintering as a result of melting processes in the clay mass.
  • the clay In order to burn the block of clay, the clay must be heated, and it can have any geometric shape. It must be kept in a block form at the firing temperature for a certain time and also cooled down again as a block.
  • the swelling of a mass from clay mineral raw materials is a process that can occur when the clay masses are warmed up to softening, and in which an expansion of the softening clay mass into a porous body he follows.
  • the basic prerequisites for the expansion of clay are on the one hand gas formation in the clay mass to a sufficient extent and on the other hand a condition of the clay mass with a certain viscosity which is softer by high temperature, so that the clay mass is able to retain the gas which is formed in it and expand under the action of gas pressure with pore formation.
  • Viscosity of the clay mass and gas formation in the clay mass are dependent on the material composition of the clay mass, the manner in which the clay mass is heated and the burning atmosphere and thus controllable influences which enable the bloating to be controlled lichen.
  • the shape of the clay may vary during heating.
  • the clay mass can be heated in the form of a clay mass as a foam block, hollow block, solid block, hollow plate, solid plate or in the form of several partial clay masses as a cylinder bed, hollow cylinder bed or as several plates .
  • the primary aim of a method and a device for producing large-sized porous molded articles of low density by expanding clay masses by means of heat is to expand the softening clay mass to a large-sized porous body by heating clay masses until they soften, and the advantages of burning with flatulence compared to the firing of a clay mass which may already have been preformed in large format before the firing and which is not bulky. It is therefore understandable that the more the clay is preformed before it is fired, the weaker the benefit of burning with flatulence, the disadvantages of flatulence being even more pronounced, but conversely, the less the clay mass already has, the greater the advantages is preformed in large format, so the more compact it is before burning with bloating.
  • a uniform low density and high strength of the molded body due to many pores is achieved by uniformly expanding the clay mass as a result of uniform heating of the clay mass exclusively from above and below with all-round and resilient support of the expanding clay mass during the entire bloating process and the use of a clay mass that does not sinter of part Clay masses needed, reached.
  • the clay should not expand freely inside or out, but should be in the form of a compact clay at the beginning of the expansion and the warm shaping should take place by means of all-round support and resilience of the support only upwards during the entire expansion process under slight pressure.
  • the expanding gas-forming reaction is an iron oxide reduction reaction by the carbon in the mass, which on the one hand, by producing a mixture of CO and CO2, provides the expanded glass and, on the other hand, by using the iron oxides hematite Fe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4 as a flux creates ferrite FeO in the clay mass, its toughness lowers and the expanding gases that are partially expelled from the clay mass are themselves reducing gases that have a reducing effect on the surrounding mass, the formation of the expanding gases and the trapping of the gases by the result the pyroplastic mass softening the reduction, in particular through the sealing of the surface of the clay mass, synergistically and the expansion process suddenly escalates in the entire volume or over the entire strand cross-section.
  • the proposed method uses the two facts known per se and used in particular in the production of expanded clay spheres in rotary kilns, that on the one hand the oxidation of the surfaces of expanding clay masses and on the other hand their constant movement the device parts supporting them, the caking of expanding clay masses from one another and on the device parts supporting them, specifically used for the first time to avoid the caking of a large-sized expanding clay mass on the device parts supporting them, according to the invention the all-round support of the expanding clay mass with gaps that on the one hand oxygen can be passed through the gaps to the surfaces of the expanding clay mass for their oxidation and is proposed and on the other hand a constant mutual rolling motion v on large-sized, bulky clay and the supporting parts of the device, which means that the contact with the interface only lasts for a short period of time, which can be regarded as harmless.
  • the expanding clay mass is prevented from caking on the device parts which support it sufficiently flatly, on the one hand by constantly expanding the expanding clay mass on the device parts supporting it is moved, and on the other hand, by constant oxygen supply on all sides by supplying oxidizing gases to the outer surface of the expanding clay mass, which makes it slightly resilient to the expansion caused by expansion and makes it tacky. Furthermore, despite constant all-round direct support of the expanding clay mass, the excess expansion gases can freely degas during expansion.
  • the new method has the considerable advantage over known methods that the pores are formed quickly and uniformly in the body, because the expansion of a compact clay mass in conjunction with the sealing oxidation, the surface of which results in an undisturbed spread of the composition, which is favorable for expansion, within the clay mass reducing gases evenly throughout the clay mass.
  • the uniform composition also results in a very uniform treatment from a chemical point of view and consequently a uniform product quality.
  • the uniform gas development in the clay mass causes a simultaneous and uniform expansion of the clay mass, which is also a prerequisite for achieving a product of uniform density and pore structure.
  • the clay is not subdivided in the cold molding, so that no, in particular non-oxidized, inner partial surfaces of the clay have to be sintered during the hot molding, but the clay is expanded as a compact mass, like a ball, as a compact body, like a ball with an oxidized outer shell and reduction inside.
  • the rapid heating of the clay mass is a prerequisite for sufficiently strong flatulence and thus for achieving the desired low density of the shaped body to be exposed.
  • the uniform heating of the clay mass is a prerequisite for uniform bloating throughout the body, which is also a prerequisite for achieving a uniform pore structure of the molded body to be produced.
  • the clay mass Due to its softening during expansion, the clay mass needs a supportive warm formation. It has shown that the heat, material conversion and device engineering effort is the least if the clay remains as short as possible in the molding.
  • the short heating-up time enables very short expansion and thus molding times and thus, with continuous molding, short molding distances and thus low transport friction resistance for moving the clay mass.
  • the heat is supplied exclusively from above and below, so that one-dimensional and therefore uniform heat flows arise and expansion takes place in one direction and only upwards, so that maximum thickness change of the clay mass and thus minimal average heat conduction is achieved.
  • a high rate of heating of the clay mass is achieved, on the one hand, by the clay mass having a thin and compact shape, and on the other hand, the mass and thus the paths for heat conduction only increase during the heating to the firing and the density only decreases during the heating.
  • the mass like a spherical mass, will be swelled very quickly in 5 to 10 minutes, since it has a similarly low heat conduction path inside the clay mass and a surface that is accessible from the outside in all points of the heat supply.
  • a high degree of uniformity in the heating of the clay mass is achieved in that, on the one hand, the clay mass has a uniform shape and, on the other hand, the heat is supplied only one-dimensionally from above and below and is evenly brought to the clay mass.
  • the direction of heat supply according to the invention is chosen such that it does not lie in the supporting direction of the rigid supporting device but lies in the support direction of the resiliently supporting device parts.
  • the expanding clay mass is guided exclusively upwards under a slight shape-maintaining counterpressure - evenly extending the heat transport paths - so that it expands into the predetermined, uniform, larger external shape.
  • the clay mass is guided on all surfaces during the entire bloating process, but the transport frictional resistance to the movement of the clay mass and the form force to be applied from the outside for the comparatively warm shaping and support of the bloating clay mass is low, since comparative resistance of an oxidized shell and the yielding resistance of the device acts from the outside, the dimension of which increases with the expansion of the clay mass and opposes only as much resistance as is necessary to achieve sufficient uniformity of the bloating, that is, only as much resistance as is necessary to counteract the tendency of the inflatable body to form a spherically curved shape to maintain the cuboid shape during the inflation.
  • the continuous movement of the clay mass, which is supported resiliently upwards, during the expansion of the clay mass is expediently supplemented by a regulation of the front and rear face of the expanding clay mass which, as a result of the "hydrostatic" pressure spread in the expanding clay mass with firm support at the bottom as well as on the right and left allows the simultaneous regulation of the spread of the clay mass upwards and thus the height of the molded body to be produced.
  • a high rate of heating requires that the energy flow density or energy conversion density of Heat sources in the vicinity of the clay mass outside or inside the molded body volume are high and there are no heat sinks there.
  • the clay mass is heated during the expansion to achieve a high energy flow density in the vicinity of the clay mass without device parts moving in parallel with the clay mass, and the heat is generated with high energy conversion density by generating resistance heating element electric heat in the device parts surrounding the clay mass.
  • the required high uniformity of the furnace temperature along and across above and below the blowing clay mass as well as the required high heat flow density in the furnace in the direction of the expanding clay mass to achieve very fast and very uniform heating of the clay mass can be achieved particularly advantageously by resistance heating elements which are distributed over a wide area, which additionally in the Contrary to the use of heating gases as heat sources are expedient, since the amount of heat supplied can be adjusted independently of the gas composition of the oxidizing gas with electrical heating elements and can thus be optimally adapted to the process requirements.
  • Low form-forming power due to size-adjustable support of the clay mass, which increases with the increase in the outer dimensions of the clay mass.
  • Low shape-forming force by means of a device which counteracts the body tending to round its shapes with a rectangularly equalizing resistance to the blowing force with a resistance which can be set from zero or greater, the rectangular shape during the inflation maintains and opposes the bloating with constant force only as much force as is necessary to maintain the rectangular shape.
  • Low forming power by using the spherical self-forming power by forming due to the oxidative consolidation of the outer surface of the clay mass and expansion pressure of the inner clay mass. Inner balance of the pressure forces between hard shell mass and soft core mass.
  • the rotational speeds of the rollers of the roller conveyor groups of insertion zone and expanded zone on the one hand and discharge zone on the other hand can be regulated separately.
  • the housing 1 is essentially divided into three different, successive zones in accordance with the direction of flow of the mass 4 defined by the arrows 2, 3, namely an insertion zone 5, an expansion zone 6 and an extraction zone 7.
  • the insertion zone 5 serves essentially only for conveying the strand or plate-shaped unexpanded mass 4, the swelling zone 6 of the thermal treatment of this mass, in particular the swelling, whereas the draw-off zone 7 only serves to promote or discharge the bloated product.
  • the expansion progress is indicated by the thickness B of the mass 4, which begins in the expansion zone 6 and increases in the direction of flow.
  • the mass 4 is supported on the underside by the rollers 9, in the inflation zone by the rollers 10 and in the draw-off zone by the rollers 11, which are each arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the mass 4 is guided on the top side in the insertion zone by the rollers 12, in the inflation zone by the rollers 13 and in the draw-off zone by the rollers 14. All rollers 13 to 15 are in turn arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the rollers 9, 12 of the insertion zone 5, the rollers 15, 1G of the expansion zone and the rollers 11, 14 of the withdrawal zone can be rotated in the walls of the housing 1 in a manner not shown in the drawing, but are otherwise mounted immovably.
  • the upper-side rollers 13 in the inflatable zone 6, however, are mounted in a defined manner vertically, that is to say displaceably in the direction parallel to the arrows 17, and for this purpose are accommodated in the U-shaped brackets 10 which overlap the housing 1 and whose vertical sections 19 have piston pistons arranged on the side.
  • Cylinder units 20 are operatively connected, the pistons 21 of which are indicated schematically and which are individually provided with pressure medium supply lines 22. It can be seen that by pressurizing the individual pistons 21 on the swelling mass 4, an individually adjustable compressive force for each piston-cylinder unit 20 can be exerted in order to mechanically influence the inflation process in the sense of the above statements.
  • rollers 9, 10 of the insertion zone 5 and the inflation zone 6 summarizing pressure medium, e.g. a chain and with 24 a comparable, the rollers 11 of the trigger zone 7 drivingly summarizing traction means.
  • the rollers 9, 10 of the insertion zone 5 and the inflation zone 6, on the one hand, and the rollers 11 of the withdrawal zone 7, on the other hand, are each driven synchronously and are connected to speed-adjustable electrical drives, not shown in the drawing.
  • the upper rollers 12, 13 are also driven synchronously with the lower rollers of insertion zone 5 and inflation zone 6.
  • upper rollers 14 of take-off zone 7 are driven synchronously with lower rollers 11.
  • the side rollers 15, 16 are also driven synchronously with the rollers 10 of the inflatable zone 6 and are also linked in terms of drive technology via a traction means 25.
  • a stationary drive is designated 26, which transmits a rotary movement to the shaft 27, which is displaceably mounted vertically, ie parallel to the direction of the arrows 17, at the lower end of which a bevel gear pair 28 which effects the linkage with the rollers 13 is arranged. All shafts 27 are connected to one another via the drive 26.
  • 29 area resistance heating elements are designated) which are located inside the housing 1 below and above the mass 4 to be treated and are provided with tiffept 30 for introducing and removing oxidizing gases, which can thus act on the top and bottom of the mass to be treated.
  • the expandable mass 4 to be thermally treated is supported within the device in the insertion zone 5 by linear contact, is guided by synchronous drive of the rollers arranged above and below, in the expanding zone 6 laterally and on the underside again by linear Touch is relentlessly supported, but at the same time is promoted, whereas on the upper side a guidance characterized by linear contact also takes place, which, however, is flexible under adjustable force in order to control the inflation process and that in turn in the trigger zone 7 is formed by rigidly on the top and bottom line-like contact marked guidance and promotion of the inflated mass takes place.
  • the process conditions set in the blowing zone 6 are characterized by controllable heating on the top and bottom sides, an all-round application of oxidizing gases and an expansion of the mass 4 that occurs as a result of the blowing process against an individually adjustable contact pressure of the rollers 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
EP90108010A 1989-05-27 1990-04-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'éléments poreux de grandes dimensions et à faible densité par gonflage Expired - Lifetime EP0400329B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90108010T ATE96367T1 (de) 1989-05-27 1990-04-27 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von grossformatigen poroesen formkoerpern geringer dichte durch blaehen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3917282A DE3917282C1 (fr) 1989-05-27 1989-05-27
DE3917282 1989-05-27

Publications (3)

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EP0400329A2 true EP0400329A2 (fr) 1990-12-05
EP0400329A3 EP0400329A3 (fr) 1991-09-11
EP0400329B1 EP0400329B1 (fr) 1993-10-27

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EP90108010A Expired - Lifetime EP0400329B1 (fr) 1989-05-27 1990-04-27 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'éléments poreux de grandes dimensions et à faible densité par gonflage

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US (1) US5151228A (fr)
EP (1) EP0400329B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0319803A (fr)
AT (1) ATE96367T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9002468A (fr)
CA (1) CA2014406A1 (fr)
DD (1) DD298772A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3917282C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2045625T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO902312L (fr)

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KR960705248A (ko) * 1994-07-15 1996-10-09 모리시다 요이치 헤드업 디스플레이 장치, 액정 디스플레이 패널 및 그 제조방법
IT1308878B1 (it) * 1999-04-28 2002-01-11 De Fatis Stefano Tabarelli Procedimento per ottenere manufatti solidi di schiuma di argilla daimpiegare nell'edilizia, e prodotti relativi.
GB2360241A (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-19 Raj Chandrakant Mehta A method of and a plant for producing products from a plastics composition
US6786256B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2004-09-07 Yukihiro Sugawara Table cover providing functional napkins
US6964809B2 (en) * 2002-02-15 2005-11-15 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Large high density foam glass tile
US8453400B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2013-06-04 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Prestressed, strong foam glass tiles
US7311965B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2007-12-25 Pedro M. Buarque de Macedo Strong, high density foam glass tile having a small pore size
US7695560B1 (en) 2005-12-01 2010-04-13 Buarque De Macedo Pedro M Strong, lower density composite concrete building material with foam glass aggregate
ITMI20071281A1 (it) * 2007-06-26 2008-12-27 Gilanberry Trading Ltd Apparecchiatura e metodo per la formatura in continuo di un elemento continuo di materia plastica espansa, impianto comprendente detta apparecchiatura ed elemento costruttivo di materia plastica espansa
CN116857946B (zh) * 2023-07-21 2024-08-13 含山南方水泥有限公司 一种水泥回转窑生产用窑头防进气的密封装置

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DE1459396A1 (de) * 1963-12-12 1969-02-20 Ytong Internat Ab Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Porenbeton
DE1942524B2 (de) * 1969-08-21 1971-12-02 Grunzweig & Hartmann AG, 6700 Lud wigshafen Verfahren zur herstellung thermisch geschaeumter formteile
BE759479A (fr) * 1969-11-26 1971-05-26 Dow Chemical Co Procede de fabrication d'argile expansee et produit ainsi obtenu
DE2058789B1 (de) * 1970-11-30 1971-11-11 Aichelin Fa J Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von keramisch gebundenen Koerpern aus Blaehton
DE2537508C3 (de) * 1975-08-22 1980-06-26 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7251 Warmbronn Wuenning Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung strangformiger Formkörper zellenartiger Struktur aus einem sinterfahigen Granulat
JPS57178807A (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-04 Asahi Chemical Ind Method and device for manufacturing foamed shape
JPS57178806A (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-04 Asahi Chemical Ind Device for manufacturing foamed shape
DE3635672A1 (de) * 1986-10-21 1988-04-28 Sigismund Prof Dr Kienow Verfahren zur herstellung von wasserdichten und poroesen keramischen formkoerpern
AU592279B2 (en) * 1987-05-22 1990-01-04 Intelhearts Co. Ltd. Method of producing a porous ceramic panel
JPH01198304A (ja) * 1988-02-04 1989-08-09 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd セラミック発泡体成形パネルの製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2014406A1 (fr) 1990-11-27
ES2045625T3 (es) 1994-01-16
NO902312D0 (no) 1990-05-25
DE3917282C1 (fr) 1990-05-23
BR9002468A (pt) 1991-08-13
NO902312L (no) 1990-11-28
ATE96367T1 (de) 1993-11-15
US5151228A (en) 1992-09-29
EP0400329A3 (fr) 1991-09-11
JPH0319803A (ja) 1991-01-29
EP0400329B1 (fr) 1993-10-27
DD298772A5 (de) 1992-03-12

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