EP0416018A1 - Fertilisant a liberation regulee - Google Patents

Fertilisant a liberation regulee

Info

Publication number
EP0416018A1
EP0416018A1 EP89906673A EP89906673A EP0416018A1 EP 0416018 A1 EP0416018 A1 EP 0416018A1 EP 89906673 A EP89906673 A EP 89906673A EP 89906673 A EP89906673 A EP 89906673A EP 0416018 A1 EP0416018 A1 EP 0416018A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
pan
coating
tines
granules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89906673A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0416018A4 (en
Inventor
Robert Peng Kwan Leet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0416018A1 publication Critical patent/EP0416018A1/fr
Publication of EP0416018A4 publication Critical patent/EP0416018A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/14—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating dishes or pans
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

Definitions

  • CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER This invention relates to fertilizers and refers particularly, though not exclusively, to slow or controlled release fertilizers. Controlled release fertilizers are throughout this specification referred to as "CRF”.
  • CRFs provide only a limited range of raw materials, and thus lack the variety of forms as well as the variety in nutrient release characteristics which are critical for optimum plant growth and performance.
  • supplementary feeding is necessary, particularly in relation to trace elements. This is particularly noticeable with soil-less potting mixes.
  • These devices normally control nutrient release through only one mechanism, which can be hazardous to plants if it fails. For example, if the coating ruptures due to exposure to high temperature.
  • Such CRFs lack the flexibility to adapt to the wider needs or requirements.
  • Known sulphur coated CRFs require a high sulphur content in the range of 16% to 20% by weight as well as reinforcement with hydrophobic materials ranging from 1.7% to 2.1%, and in many cases 2.5%, conditioners, to control nutrient release for specialty applications. Continuing the applications of these CRFs in soils which are acidic and/or on plants which are sensitive to acidic conditions, further aggravates the problem.
  • Known CRFs with sulphur or other synthetic coatings require all of the nutrient to be water-soluble and of high purity. Sources of such nutrients are substantially more costly than conventional inorganic, organic and mineral fertilizers, and are subject to chemical interactions in certain situations.
  • water-soluble phosphates interact with copper salts to form cupric phosphate which is relatively unavailable.
  • These water-soluble inorganic materials do not contribute to the healthy development of a full range of soil micro-organisms, nor do they improve the physical structure of the soil. For those who believe in and advocate the use of micro-biologically active fertilizers, this constitutes a serious problem for their adoption.
  • the use of up to 15% of the gross weight of fertilizer of inert and synthetic coatings which do not have any nutrient value is another disadvantage with these CRFs.
  • Known inorganic CRFs play no role in assisting the recycling of the abundant amount of organic waste or bi-products, an increasing need in most developed countries.
  • organic slow-release fertilizers Being essentially synthetic in origin, the capital investments and the high energy requirement in the manufacture and/or processing make the cost of these inorganic CRFs beyond the reach of the general agricultural sector, except for some involving specialty crops.
  • the main disadvantages of organic slow-release fertilizers are their low nutrient content, not being in the ratio for optimum plant growth and performance, and, in certain situations, the significant imbalance in nutrient content can be detrimental or even damaging to the plants.
  • pelletized poultry manure contains a relatively high quantity of phosphorus which can be injurious to phosphorus-sensitive plants of the Proteaceae family.
  • Uncoated organic pellets are not stable and release the water-soluble nutrients, particularly nitrogen and, in some cases, organic acids, in excessive amounts immediately on application. This can be very hazardous to plants.
  • Some organics require sterilization to prevent the spread of disease through the soil and into the plants.
  • the present invention attempt to overcome these problems and short-comings of the known CRFs as described above.
  • the invention provides the means to sterilize and economically recycle organic waste and bi-products as well as water weeds and algae by the use of chemical fertilizers, preferably of high nutrient content, as carriers.
  • the invention identifies and provides means to treat the appropriate natural organics, which have excellent plant nutrition values, and are biologically active, into binding, sealing, and fertilizer coating agents (hereinafter referred to as "BCOs").
  • the fertilizing materials being coated, or granulated or pelletized followed with coating with a BCO may be natural organics, chemicals, and minerals, or mixture of any or all of these, in the required ratios.
  • Pre-formed granules or pellets may be coated with BCOs as a binding agent for the granules or pellets to carry additional fertilizers, such as trace elements or elemental sulphur, with the option of being from substantial controlled release properties to limited controlled properties.
  • BCO may be used to assist pelletization or granulization with controlled release properties, or with limited controlled release properties. It has been found that the following organic materials are suitable for use as binding, sealing and coating agents:
  • the algae acts mainly as a sealing agent;
  • vegetative bi-products with high protein content such as, for example, soya bean meal acting mainly as a coating agent with minimal binding properties.
  • These organic products are best used together in the required ratios as they reinforce each other and provide a wider range of nutrients to the plant and soil micro-organisms.
  • These organic materials are preferably finely ground and digested before use, particularly the soya bean meal.
  • the addition of hot water to the organics followed by gentle heating and stirring and, preferably, the addition of alkaline nutrient material, such as, for example, wood ash and lime, will give a gelatinous slurry ready for use.
  • the warm slurry may be mixed with fertilizer materials before pelletization or granulization, or applied and mixed with fertilizer materials during granulation. Alternatively, it may be applied to preformed pellets or granules or agglomerates. Preferably, it is followed by the application of fine fertilizer material, such as, for example, organics and minerals, including those from the BCO category. More than one BCO coating alternating with fine fertilizer materials may be applied as required.
  • Elemental sulphur preferably fine grade with a diameter below the range of 1 mm to 2 mm, depending on the grades of CRF being produced, is applied after coating with BCO, or BCO followed by fine fertilizer materials. This is preferably done with fine organics or minerals, such as gypsum. Fine elemental sulphur may be incorporated into the BCO to provide more body, and to reduce dust and to prevent fire hazards in situations where large amounts of sulphur are needed to be incorporated into the fertilizer as a coating.
  • the BCO coated pellets or granular fertilizer is either: (a) dehydrated followed by heat melting the coating; or
  • coating (d) dehydration without heat melting the coating where only limited controlled release features are required.
  • coating (s) may be applied following dehydration with or without heat melting as either liquid(s), oils, molten sulphur, or fine solids and either as fertilizers, pesticides, innoculum, plant growth regulators, colouring, or hydrophobic sealants.
  • the flexibility of the process of the present invention lends itself for incorporation either midstream or down-stream in existing fertilizer products plants for application when and as required. Therefore, for a relatively low capital outlay, significant savings in handling in the processing cost for CRF products can be achieved.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Production Process "Seed" fertilizers in the form of dry or moist solids, which may be chemical components, a chemical-organic fertilizer mixture, or a chemical-organic-mineral fertilizer mixture is introduced into a rotating pan with burners directing the flame onto the fertilizer so as to maintain a warm temperature in the range of 50° to 75°C. Other means of generating heat, such as ammonia/acid reaction, may be employed if desired.
  • a slurry fertilizer prepared by mixing in water at warm temperature (60° to 80°C, preferably 65°C) with constant stirring of an organic fertilizer such as blood and bone, with any of the following as examples - seaweed, molasses, soya bean meal paste, fish meal, compost, well rotted manure, and optionally also containing inorganic fertilizers, is formed into a gelatinous slurry containing sufficient water to ensure free-flowing conditions at warm temperatures.
  • the total water input is in the range of 10% to 12% depending on the grades being processed.
  • the slurry fertilizer is added in calibrated quantities to the "seed" fertilizers and mixed with special apparatus which form the second aspect of the invention so as to cause granulation and coating of the "seed” fertilizers.
  • the granules may then be further developed into the required size and composition by the addition of finely ground organic fertilizer. Calibrated quantities of elemental fine sulphur, or preferably a mixture of sulphur with organic fertilizers or gypsum, are added to provide the final coating to the granules.
  • the granules are then conveyed to the rotary dryer where the moisture is reduced to around 1.5%.
  • the sulphur and organic coating (with the additives) is heat melted by burners firing directly onto the granules to form a firm, durable and substantially water-insoluble complex.
  • Fat which is present in the blood and bone, assists the water impermeability of the coating.
  • the granules are then passed to a vibrating sieve to separate the granules as they cool down so that those excessively fine are recycled. The granules are allowed to cool gradually in bins and then packed ready for use.
  • This complete horticultural CRF has been designed to supply nutrients for more than three months under outdoor conditions and longer under indoor conditions, for both soil-less potting mixes and ground application.
  • the very wide range of plant nutrient materials being employed for this product is to provide a wide range of nutrient types and to provide for a variety of nutrient release rates, particularly in phosphates for efficient uptake by the plant and minimal fixation by the soil.
  • the dissolution rate under continuous wetting on fine sand is 15% after one week and 22% after this second week, then gradually at less than 0.5% per day. This dissolution rate has been found ideal for plant growth and performance.
  • a further pasture trial indicated that the products of this example, when top dressed, last longer than eight months, with roots developing around some of the granules some months after application, indicating an ideal phosphorus uptake situation.
  • a major advantage of the product of this example is the very significant reduction in the material cost of the product compared with the standard MAP or substantially improving its efficiency through the controlled release mechanism, and the provision of a wider range of plant nutrients, particularly the mineral and trace elements from natural sources.
  • the pan assembly of the current invention provides means to mix, granulate, coat, cool and dehydrate fertilizer products effectively with a minimal Fines or oversize granules needing to be recycled. It has a wide ranging capability to handle highly gelatinous binding, sealing and coating agents.
  • the pan assembly of the current invention provides a safe means to heat melt the elemental sulphur coating effectively, providing an alternative to the molten sulphur spray system used previously.
  • the pan assembly comprises a generally circular pan having an upright rim, said pan being able to rotate about a centrally substantially vertical axis, and being provided with:
  • a mixer-disperser unit comprising a first plurality of downwardly-extending curved tines of approximately equal length, disposed in a generally upright and evenly-spaced array on a first tine holder means which ii approximately parallel to, and spaced apart from, the pan so that the tines nearly touch the pan, and which is supported on a shaft means extending outwardly above the rim of the pan, said tine holder means being rotatable about the shaft means;
  • an oversize-breaker/discharge unit comprising a second plurality of tines and second tine holder means which are as defined above, but wherein said second tines and said second tine holder are shorter than those of the mixer-disperser unit, and
  • cleaner means to prevent accumulation of coated product on the surface of the pan, said oversize breaker/discharge unit being positioned so that product meets same before meeting the mixer-disperser unit.
  • the mixer-disperser unit and the oversized breaker/discharge unit are provided with locking means so that it may be locked either upright ("full on”), parallel to the pan ("full off”), or at any position therebetween.
  • the length of the tine holder means of the mixer-disperser unit is approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the diameter of the pan, more preferably 1/3 of said diameter.
  • the tines may be oriented so that their tips lie in a substantially straight line, or with alternate tines curving in opposite directions so that their tips lie in two substantially straight lines.
  • the tine holder means is a hollow cylinder or pipe which is mounted on a solid cylindrical shaft of smaller diameter.
  • the shaft is fixed firmly above the rim of the pan, and extends outwardly beyond the rim.
  • the position of the tines may be controlled either automatically or manually; the latter is preferably used only for small or medium size pans (up to 8 feet diameter). Either or both of manual and automatic controls may be present, and either may be used as suitable in particular circumstances. Hydraulic control is a particularly useful form of automatic control.
  • the tines of the oversize breaker/discharge unit reach only half way from the first tine holder means to the surface of the pan. A clearance of 30 mm is most preferred for use with fertilizer products.
  • the overall length of the tine holder means of the oversize breaker/discharge unit is approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the diameter of the pan, more preferably approximately 1/4.
  • the height of the oversize-breaker/discharge unit above the pan is adjustable, so that it can be moved into or out of the path of the granules.
  • the oversize-breaker/discharge unit is engaged near the end of the process, in order to break up or scoop out oversize granules.
  • Automatic cleaning means for the pan are required if sticky or gelatinous products are to be mixed. Suitable cleaning means include scrapers running parallel to the surface of the pan from its centre of the rim, and upright from the surface of the pan parallel to and to the top of the rim, respectively. It is essential in these circumstances that the surface of the pan be provided with cleaning means; such means for the rim are optional.
  • the scrapers are reciprocating scrapers. These may be operated manually or automatically.
  • Reflector means may optionally be provided at the rim of the pan to direct product granules away from the rim and thus prevent over-concentration of product at the periphery of the pan.
  • the reflector means is placed about 1/4 of the circumference of the pan from the mixer/dispersion unit. More preferably the reflector means is adjustable, depending on the speed of rotation of the pan, the load and the size and bulk density of the product granules.
  • Means for application of direct heat for example gas burners, may be used to keep the coating slurry liquid, to accelerate the coating and granulation processes, and to enhance evenness of coating and granulation. Heat also accelerates chemical interaction between the coating slurry and the dry fertilizer, and in solidifying, hardening and drying of the coated granules.
  • the second tine holder means is preferably initially engaged in the 1/4 - 1/2 on position to assist the mixer/disperser unit to break up oversized granules, to reduce or prevent any tendency to form oversized granules during the granulation or coating stage of the process, and to discharge any unbreakable oversized granules before they grow larger.
  • the tines can be adjusted downwards to assist in the discharge of fully granulated and coated particles when desired.
  • the coated granules are discharged to a dryer means, which may for example be a rotary dryer, or a rotary drum which incorporates a heat-melt section.
  • the combination of mixer-disperser unit and oversize breaker/discharge unit according to the invention enables the production of firmly granulated, uniformly coated granules, with minimum production of oversize granules and fines. This enables maximum utilization of energy, and increases the rate of production.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is described in relation to fertilizer production, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the apparatus is suitable for use in the mixing, granulation and coating of any product involving a sticky or densely gelatinous material, and thus is applicable in fields other than fertilizers, such as food, pharmaceutical and mineral processing.
  • the apparatus is suitable for drying granules or for increasing the size of granules. Such applications are clearly understood to be within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the construction of a preferred embodiment of the pan granulation and coating apparatus of this invention.
  • a flat circular pan (1) with an approximately vertical rim (2) rotates about an approximately vertical axis at its centre.
  • the arrow indicates the direction of rotation.
  • a mixer-disperser unit (3) comprises curved tines (4) arrayed on a cylindrical tine holder (5) supported on a cylindrical shaft (6) which extends outwardly over the rim (2).
  • An oversize-breaker/discharge unit (7) is constructed similarly to the mixer-disperser unit (3) having tines (8), a tine holder (9) and a shaft (10). However, the oversized-breaker/discharge unit (7) is shorter than the mixer-disperser unit (3), and its tines are held at a greater height above the pan.
  • Both of these units are rotatable about their shafts (6) and (10) respectively, so that the tines (4) and (8) can be adjusted relative to the pan (1).
  • both units may also be moved horizontally, to and fro between the rim (2) and the centre of the pan (1).
  • a reflector (11) adjacent the rim (2) directs product granules towards the centre of the pan (1), preventing them from accumulating at the periphery.
  • a flame guard (12) is supported from above so that it shields the rim (2) from the heat supplied by gas burners (13) supported on a horizontal shaft (14) lying over a diameter of the pan (1). The flame guard prevents sticky material from drying on the rim (2). It is necessary to provide burners (13) only at one location, although an additional set could be useful for particular applications.
  • a reciprocating scraper (15) travels along the horizontal shaft (14) and a second reciprocating scraper (16) travels along a vertical shaft (17) adjacent the rim (2).
  • These scrapers (15) and (16) prevent the sticky or gelatinous product from building up on the surface of the pan (1) and rim (2). Both scrapers may be operated either manually or automatically.
  • the shafts (14) and (17) on which the scrapers are mounted are preferably rotatable. It is preferred that scraper (15) and burners (13) be mounted on a single shaft (14), since such a construction is more compact.
  • the shaft (14) may comprise a cylindrical external housing which carries the burners (13), having a central rotatable rod which carries the reciprocating scraper (15) (construction not shown).
  • the coating solution is sprayed into the pan 1 from overhead sprays (18).
  • the pan (1) is supported by legs (19).
  • the size and spacing of the tines (4) and (8) of the mixer-disperser unit (3) and the oversizebreaker/discharge unit (7) will depend on the product to be mixed, in particular on the difficulty of granulation, and the size and degree of compaction of granules required.
  • These units may suitably be provided with interchangeable tine holders (5) and (9), providing different sets of tines (4) and (8) for different circumstances.
  • FIG. 2 shows in greater detail a particularly preferred embodiment of the mixer-disperser unit (3).
  • the tines For use with fertilizer, the tines
  • the tine holder (4) are suitably 30 to 35 mm apart.
  • (5) is attached to an F-shaped holder (20) which carries a shaft (21) connected to a hydraulic control means (not shown), and a second shaft (22) and handle (23) for manual operation. Holes (24) and (25) in the shafts (21) and (22) for manual and hydraulic operation respectively enable the unit to be locked with a locking pin (not shown) into the "full off" position. A further set of holes (26) enables the unit to be
  • the mixer-disperser unit (3) is placed in "full on” position during the start of the process, when the "seed” fertilizer is introduced into the pan (1). Its role is to disperse, as well as to prevent the unwanted over-agglomeration of the fertilizer particles or granules after the solution has been introduced, at the same time assisting in the turning and mixing of the fertilizer particles, and assisting a more uniform coating of the granules to the required size.
  • the adequately-coated granules float up over the smaller-sized finer granules, and it is the function of the set of tines (4) to retain these and not allow them to rotate around the pan for further coating and in competition with the incompletely granulated or coated fertilizer. This allows the final application of coating agents, such as elemental sulphur, to be directed on these "retained" granules.
  • the oversize breaker/discharge unit exerts a strong force on large granules trapped by its tines.
  • the weaker granules break and the resultant fragments are forced through the tines.
  • the harder granules are retained by the tines, and build up until they spill over the edge of the pan.
  • This unit can act as a scoop in the "full on” position, in which most of the larger granules are trapped.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de préparation de fertilisant se présentant sous forme de pastilles, de granulés ou d'agglomérats, consiste à appliquer une matière ou un mélange nutritif organique de matières nutritives organiques naturelles ayant des propriétés de liaison, de scellement ou d'enrobage à l'égard d'un fertilisant ou d'un mélange de fertilisants inorganiques organiques, avec ou sans agents améliorant le sol; et/ou à enrober d'un fertilisant en pastilles, granulés ou agglomérats, soit d'une seule substance nutritive soit de substances nutritives multiples, soit organiques ou inorganiques soit un mélange des deux, avec ou sans oligo-éléments, agents améliorant le sol, pesticides ou régulateurs de croissance, ou agents favorisant la croissance, ou soufre élémentaire, ou matières inertes.
EP19890906673 1988-05-25 1989-05-19 Controlled release fertilizer Withdrawn EP0416018A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU8432/88 1988-05-25
AUPI843288 1988-05-25
AU1933/88 1988-12-13
AUPJ193388 1988-12-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0416018A1 true EP0416018A1 (fr) 1991-03-13
EP0416018A4 EP0416018A4 (en) 1991-10-02

Family

ID=25643484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890906673 Withdrawn EP0416018A4 (en) 1988-05-25 1989-05-19 Controlled release fertilizer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0416018A4 (fr)
MY (1) MY111146A (fr)
WO (1) WO1989011462A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10099966B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-10-16 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Layered fertilizer composition

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5021077A (en) * 1990-01-10 1991-06-04 Harmony Products, Inc. High integrity natural nitrogenous granules for agriculture
DE4209313C2 (de) * 1991-03-26 2001-04-12 Mg 2 Spa Maschine zur Abgabe von Produkten auf Pulverbasis mit einer Einrichtung zum Einebnen und Homogenisieren des Produkts
WO1995007871A1 (fr) * 1993-09-17 1995-03-23 Darryl Ugo Jennings Comprime d'engrais
US8986581B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2015-03-24 Carbron Basis Company Ltd. Biochar products and method of manufacture thereof
EP2881380B1 (fr) * 2012-07-30 2022-02-09 Blue Agro Bio Science S.L. Composition biostimulante et élicitrice destinée à être utilisée en agriculture
CN108138028A (zh) 2015-10-08 2018-06-08 碳基有限公司 生物炭产品及其制造方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1072328A (en) * 1964-09-23 1967-06-14 Eirich Wilhelm Improvements in or relating to inclined-dish granulators and classifiers
US3333939A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-08-01 Arizona Agrochemical Corp Discrete fertilizer granule containing a urea compound, sulfur and a phosphate plant food
US4142885A (en) * 1975-03-21 1979-03-06 Veba-Chemie Aktiengesellschaft Method of preparing fertilizers with retarded nutrient release
US4081264A (en) * 1976-09-30 1978-03-28 Texaco Trinidad Inc. Slow release fertilizers and processes for preparing same
CA1112026A (fr) * 1978-04-27 1981-11-10 John S. Nixon Machines a fabriquer les boulettes, a cuvette rotative
GB2105728B (en) * 1981-08-20 1984-08-30 Malaysia Rubber Res Inst Uses of natural rubber
US4564505A (en) * 1984-03-09 1986-01-14 Alfrey Norval K Process and apparatus for simultaneous material granulation and classification

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10099966B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-10-16 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Layered fertilizer composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY111146A (en) 1999-09-30
WO1989011462A1 (fr) 1989-11-30
EP0416018A4 (en) 1991-10-02

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