EP0429294B1 - Toner für totale Farbentwicklung - Google Patents

Toner für totale Farbentwicklung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0429294B1
EP0429294B1 EP19900312644 EP90312644A EP0429294B1 EP 0429294 B1 EP0429294 B1 EP 0429294B1 EP 19900312644 EP19900312644 EP 19900312644 EP 90312644 A EP90312644 A EP 90312644A EP 0429294 B1 EP0429294 B1 EP 0429294B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
toners
toner
electroconductivity
weight
binder resin
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EP19900312644
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0429294A2 (de
EP0429294A3 (en
Inventor
Noriaki Tsubota
Masahiko Kubo
Kazuo Fuji
Kazuhisa Edahiro
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Kyocera Mita Industrial Co Ltd
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Mita Industrial Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a toner for the full color development, which is used in the overlapped state with other various toners. More particularly, the present invention relates to a toner for the full color development, the developing property and transfer quantity of which are made substantially equal to those of other toners to provide an excellent image reproducibility.
  • toners are used for visualizing electrostatic latent images formed on image carriers.
  • a resin having desirable electroscopic and binding properties for example, a styrene resin or a polyester resin, is used as the resin medium, and carbon black or other organic or inorganic coloring pigment is used as the coloring agent.
  • a multiple-color original is exposed to light through a color-separating filter, this operation is repeated a plurality of times by using cyan, yellow and magenta color developers and a black toner, and toner images are thus overlapped to obtain a multiple-color image.
  • Organic pigments are used as coloring agents for cyan, yellow and magenta toners used for this full color development, and carbon black is used for a black toner.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating developing and transfer zones of an image-forming apparatus for obtaining a full color image.
  • an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive drum 1 by appropriate means is visualized by a developer in any of developing devices 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d of a vertically movable developing unit 2 and is then transferred by a transfer charger 5 onto a transfer material held on a transfer drum 4 by a gripper 6, from which electricity is removed by an electricity-removing charger 7.
  • a toner image developed by a developer in another developing device of the devices 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d is transferred onto the transfer material by the transfer charger, and third and fourth color images are similarly transferred.
  • a predetermined number of color images are transferred onto the transfer material held on the transfer drum 4, and the transfer material is delivered to a fixing step (not shown) to form a multiple-color image.
  • a transfer step an operation of transferring a toner of a different color onto a toner layer transferred on a transfer material is carried out. At this operation, it sometimes happens that the charge of the toner already transferred on the transfer material reduces the working transfer electric field at the transfer of the subsequent toner and therefore, an image having a desired hue cannot be reproduced.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 01-32981 proposes a method in which the quantity of the charge of a toner to be developed and transferred is made larger than the absolute value of the already developed and transferred toner to compensate the reduction of the working transfer electric field and stabilize the transfer operation.
  • EP-A-0275636 describes colour toners and 2-component developers and relies on strictly controlled particle size, freeness from agglomeration, melting characteristics, chromaticity, triboelectric chargeability and optical toner concentration detection characteristics for good performance.
  • the present invention has been completed under the above-mentioned background, and it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a toner for the full color development, in which the difference of electric characteristics from those of other toners to be overlapped is diminished to make developing and transfer characteristics of the toner substantially equal to those of other toners, whereby a full color image can be formed under substantially common developing and transfer conditions without shear in the hue or density unevenness in the formed image.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a toner for the full color development, in which desired characteristics can be stably maintained under set developing and transfer conditions and the change of the hue is reduced.
  • a toner for the full color development which comprises a coloring agent incorporated in a binder resin and is used in the state overlapped with other toners differing in the kind of the coloring agent, wherein the electroconductivity of the binder resin is in the range of from 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm).
  • a charge-controlling agent is incorporated in the binder resin and the charge-controlling agent is a zinc compound of salicylic acid.
  • a magenta toner comprising a binder resin, a charge-controlling agent and a coloring agent, wherein the electroconductivity of the binder resin is in the range of from 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm), the charge-controlling agent is composed mainly of a zinc compound of salicylic acid and the coloring agent comprises a quinacridone pigment as the main component.
  • a cyan toner comprising a binder resin, a charge-controlling agent and a coloring agent, wherein the electroconductivity of the binder resin is in the range of from 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm), the charge-controlling agent is composed mainly of a zinc compound of salicylic acid and the coloring agent comprises a copper phthalocyanine pigment as the main component.
  • a yellow toner comprising a binder resin, a charge-controlling agent and a coloring agent, wherein the electroconductivity of the binder resin is in the range of from 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm), the charge-controlling agent is composed mainly of a zinc compound of salicylic acid and the coloring agent comprises a benzidine pigment as the main component.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing developing and transfer zones of an image-forming apparatus, which illustrates the principle of the full color development.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that if a binder resin having an electroconductivity of 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm) is used, various color toners for the full color development, which are very akin to one another in electric characteristics, are obtained and a good image reproducibility is obtained by the full color development using these toners.
  • a cyan toner, a magenta toner, a yellow toner and a black toner are mainly used in the overlapped state to form a full color image.
  • the electroconductivity of the binder resin should be in the range of from 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm), and it is especially preferred that the electroconductivity of the binder resins be in the range of from 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 3.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm). If the electroconductivity of the binder resin is below the above-mentioned range, a great difference of the electroconductivity is produced among toners to be overlapped.
  • the binder resin having the above-mentioned electroconductivity be excellent in the light-transmitting property. Namely, since a toner for the full color development should not inhibit coloration of other toner on a transfer sheet it is desired that the binder resin should have a light-transmitting property. Accordingly, a resin having an electroconductivity included within the above-mentioned range and a certain light-transmitting property is used as the binder of a toner for the full color development. Of course, two or more of resins having such properties can be used in combination. In the case where a mixture of at least two binder resins is used, the electroconductivity of the resin mixture should be within the above-mentioned range.
  • the binder resin of the toner for the full color development may be the same as or different from binder resins of other toners to be simultaneously used. If different binder resins are used, each of them should satisfy the above requirement of the electroconductivity.
  • a zinc compound of salicylic acid be used as the charge-controlling agent.
  • Charge-controlling agents have been incorporated into toners from old so as to control the charging state, and especially, negative charge-controlling agents are often used.
  • charge-controlling agents not only change the charge quantity of the toner but also greatly change other electric characteristics such as the electroconductivity. If such charge-controlling agents are used, disadvantages as mentioned above are often brought about.
  • the zinc compound of salicylic acid can be a zinc salt or complex of salicylic acid.
  • the zinc compound of salicylic acid is incorporated in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, especially 1.5 to 4.0% by weight, based on the resin.
  • a copper phthalocyanine pigment is used as the cyan coloring agent.
  • Most of conventional cyan coloring agents are defective in that they have influences on the charge-controlling agents or the sharpness of the color of the toner is degraded when they are used in combination with the binder resin and charge-controlling agent.
  • the copper phthalocyanine pigment has no substantial influences on the binder resin and charge-controlling agent and the hue of the pigment is not degraded by the binder resin and charge-controlling agent. Accordingly, the copper phthalocyanine pigment can be incorporated into the toner in the state where the above-mentioned actions of the electroconductivity and charging property are effectively maintained. Accordingly, when a copper phthalocyanine pigment is used as the coloring agent, a cyan toner suitable for the full color development can be provided.
  • a quinacridone pigment is used as the magenta coloring agent.
  • Most of conventional magenta coloring agents are defective in that they have influences on the charge-controlling agents or the sharpness of the color of the toner is degraded or a shear of the hue is caused when they are used in combination with the binder resin and charge-controlling agent.
  • the quinacridone pigment has no substantial influence on the binder resin and charge-controlling agent and the hue of the pigment is not degraded by the binder resin and charge-controlling agent. Accordingly, the quinacridone pigment can be incorporated into the toner in the state where the above-mentioned actions of the electroconductivity and charging property are effectively maintained. Accordingly, when a quinacridone pigment is used as the coloring agent, a magenta toner suitable for the full color development can be provided.
  • a benzidine pigment is used as the yellow coloring agent.
  • Most of conventional yellow coloring agents are defective in that they have influences on the charge-controlling agents or the sharpness of the color of the toner is degraded when they are used in combination with the binder resin and charge-controlling agent.
  • the benzidine pigment has no substantial influences on the binder resin and charge-controlling agent and the hue of the pigment is not degraded by the binder resin and charge-controlling agent. Accordingly, the benzidine pigment can be incorporated into the toner in the state where the above-mentioned actions of the electroconductivity and charging property are effectively maintained. Accordingly, when a benzidine pigment is used as the coloring agent, a yellow toner suitable for the full color development can be provided.
  • the toner of the present invention is a toner for the full color development, which is used in the state where the toner is overlapped on other toners differing in the color on an image on a transfer sheet.
  • the present invention is directed to a toner forming a basic color in the full color development.
  • Basic toners for the full color development include four toners, that is, magenta, cyan, yellow and black toners. In the full color development, these toners are developed in order in the overlapped state, and the hue and image quality of an original are reproduced.
  • Each of these toners comprises a coloring agent and, if desired, a charge-controlling agent in a binder resin, and a known toner additive can be further incorporated in or added to the toner.
  • the resin used as the binder resin should have an electroconductivity of 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 5.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm), preferably 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 to 3.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 (S/cm), as pointed out hereinbefore. Moreover, a resin having an excellent light-transmitting property is preferably used.
  • polyester polystyrene, polyacrylic, polyether, polyamide and polyolefin resins can be used singly or in the form of mixture of two or more of them.
  • a aromatic dicarboxylic acid or a fatty acid is included as the acid component.
  • the acid component there can be mentioned terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and cyclohexane-dicarboxylic acid.
  • Terephthalic acid is mainly used.
  • diol component there can be mentioned, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butanediol, cyclohexane dimethanol, hexylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, mannitol and pentaerythritol.
  • styrene resin examples include polymers obtained by polymerizing such monomers as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, ⁇ -chlorostyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, ethylstyrene and divinylstyrene singly or in combination.
  • acrylic resin there can be used, for example, polymers obtained by polymerizing such monomers as ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid singly or in combination.
  • comonomer other than the above-mentioned monomers there can be used ethylenically unsaturated acids and anhydrides thereof, such as maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid and itaconic acid.
  • Polymers comprising vinyl-n-butyl ether, vinylphenyl ether, vinylcyclohexanyl ether or the like can be used as the vinyl ether resin.
  • Known resins derived from a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid and resins formed by polymerizing a lactam, such as nylon 6, can be used as the polyamide resin.
  • Polymers formed by polymerizing ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, methylpentene-1 or the like can be mentioned as the olefin resin.
  • the foregoing resins can be used singly, or two or more of the foregoing resins can be combined so that the above-mentioned electroconductivity is attained, and resulting mixtures can be used as the binder resin.
  • a polyester resin is preferably used.
  • coloring agents used in this field can be used in the present invention.
  • the coloring agent to be contained in the coloring resin is roughly divided magenta, cyan, yellow and black pigments.
  • red coloring agents such as red iron oxide, cadmium red, red lead, cadmium mercury sulfide, Permanent Red 4R, Permanent Red FNG, Lithol Red, Pyrazolone Red, Watching Red calcium salt, Lake Red D, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Eosine Lake, Rhodamine Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B and Spiron Red, violet coloring agents such as manganese violet, Fast Violet B and Methyl Violet Lake, and orange coloring pigments such as chrome orange, molybdenum orange, Permanent Orange GTR, Pyrazolone Orange, Vulcan Orange, Indanthrene Brilliant Orange RK, Benzidine Orange G and Indathrene Brilliant Orange GK.
  • red coloring agents such as red iron oxide, cadmium red, red lead, cadmium mercury sulfide, Permanent Red 4R, Permanent Red FNG, Lithol Red, Pyrazolone Red, Watching Red calcium salt, Lake Red D, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Eosine Lake, Rhodamine Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B
  • a quinacridone pigment is preferably used as the magenta coloring agent.
  • a typical example of the quinacridone pigment is represented by the following general formula: wherein R1 and R2 represent an imino group or a carbonyl group, and R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogen atom.
  • quinacridone pigment there can be mentioned C.I. Pigment Red 122 and C.I. Pigment Violet.
  • cyan coloring agent there can be mentioned iron blue, cobalt blue, Alkali Blue Lake, Phthalocyanine Blue, metal-free Phthalocyanine Blue, partially chlorinated Phthalocyanine Blue, Fast Sky Blue and Indanthrene Blue BC.
  • a copper phthalocyanine pigment is preferably incorporated as the cyan coloring agent into the binder resin.
  • the copper phthalocyanine pigment is represented by the following formula: and the benzene nucleus of the structural formula can be substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom.
  • the copper phthalocyanine pigment there can be mentioned Phthalocyanine Blue, Helliogen Blue G and Fast Sky Blue.
  • yellow coloring agent there can be mentioned chrome yellow, zinc yellow, cadmium yellow, naples yellow, Naphthol Yellow S, Hansa Yellow G. Hansa Yellow 10G, Benzidine Yellow G. Benzidine Yellow GR, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Permanent Yellow NGG and Tartrazine Lake.
  • a benzidine pigment is preferably incorporated as the yellow coloring agent into the binder resin.
  • the benzidine pigment there can be mentioned Benzidine Yellow G and Benzidine Yellow GR.
  • black coloring agent there can be mentioned carbon black, lamp black and aniline black.
  • a coloring agent as mentioned above is incorporated into the binder resin at a weight ratio of from 1/100 to 30/100, especially from 3/100 to 20/100.
  • a charge-controlling agent can be incorporated into the binder resin for controlling the charging of the toner.
  • a known charge-controlling agent can be used in the present invention.
  • oil-soluble dyes such as Nigrosine Base (C.I. 50415), Oil Black (C.I. 26150) and Spiron Black
  • metal salts of naphthenic acid metal soaps
  • metal-containing azo dyes metal-containing azo dyes
  • pyrimidine compounds metal compounds of alkylsalicylic acids.
  • a zinc salt or zinc complex of salicylic acid and a zinc salt or zinc complex of an alkylsalicylic acid are preferably used as the charge-controlling agent. It is preferred that the charge-controlling agent be incorporated in the binder resin in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight based on the binder resin.
  • the toner for the full color development preferably has such a particle size that the median diameter based on the volume, measured by a Coulter Counter, is 5 to 20 ⁇ m, especially 8 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the particles may have an indeterminate shape formed by melt-kneading and pulverization, or a spherical shape formed by the dispersion or suspension polymerization.
  • the flowability of the toner can be improved by sprinkling inorganic fine particles such as hydrophobic silica fine particles or organic fine particles composed of a polymer or the like on the surface of the toner.
  • toner is used as a two-component type development by mixing it with a magnetic carrier
  • any of known magnetic carriers used in this field can be used, but use of ferrite particles capable of forming a soft magnetic brush is generally preferred.
  • the differences of electric characteristics among toners to be used in the overlapped state can be reduced.
  • developing conditions for the respective toners can be made substantially equal, and therefore, the difference of the transfer quantity among the respective toners can be diminished and toners for the color development, which are excellent in the image reproducibility, can be provided.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 1.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 5 parts by weight of carbon black as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 1.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Cyan, magenta and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment, 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment and 3.5 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment were used as the coloring agent, respectively. These cyan, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 1.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 1.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers, and these developers were subjected to the development and transfer tests by using a full color electrophotographic copying machine where the imagewise light exposure was carried out by using a semiconductor laser light source.
  • the developed toner quantity and transfer efficiency of each toner were determined by using a 20% original (A4 size original having an image area of 20%), and the full color image density and chroma (stabilized hue) were determined by using a color photo original.
  • the developing and transfer conditions adopted were as follows.
  • Photosensitive drum organic photosensitive material for negative charging
  • Surface voltage of photosensitive material - 700 to - 850 V
  • Development bias voltage direct current bias voltage of - 500 to - 650 V and alternating current bias voltage of - 150 to - 650 V (frequency: 1 KHz)
  • Developing sleeve peripheral speed/photosensitive drum peripheral speed 2.5 to 4.0
  • Electricity-removing charger - 5 kV to + 500 V (2 KHz)
  • Transfer charger 5.5 kV to 6.2 kV (for 1st to 3rd colors) and 6.0 kV to 6.5 kV (for 4th color)
  • Black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1 except that 100 parts by weight of a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (MMA) and polyethyl acrylate (EA), which had an electroconductivity of 2.7 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, was used as binder resin. By using these toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1. These black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 2.9 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 2.7 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 2.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 2.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • MMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • EA polyethyl acrylate
  • Toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1 except that a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 3.2 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm was used as the binder resin, and by using these toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1.
  • These black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 1.2 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 3.1 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm, 3.2 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm and 3.1 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm, respectively.
  • Toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1 except that a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 8.9 x 10 ⁇ 10 s/cm was used as the binder resin, and by using three toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1.
  • These black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 3.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 8.8 x 1 ⁇ 10 S/cm, 8.9 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm and 8.7 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm, respectively.
  • Toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1 except that a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 5.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm was used as the binders resin, and by using these toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1.
  • These black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 6.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 5.9 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 5.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 5.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • the developed toner quantity is the value obtained when a 20% original (A4 size original having an image area of 20%) for each color was used, and the image reproducibility represents the result of the general evaluation of the image density, the sharpness and the like, obtained when a color photo original was used.
  • Toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1 except that a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm was used as the binder resin, and by using these toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1.
  • These black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 1.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 1.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers.
  • the full color development was carried out by using a full color electrophotographic copying machine where the imagewise light exposure was conducted by using a semiconductor laser light source, in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1. The change of the image quality was examined in first to 1000th copies.
  • Black and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 2-1, and cyan and magenta toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 2-1 except that 2 parts by weight of a metal-containing monoazo dye was used as the charge-controlling agent.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 8.5 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, cyan and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and 4 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment were used as the coloring agent, respectively. These black, cyan and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 1.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 1.7 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers, and these developers were subjected to the development and transfer tests by using a full color electrophotographic copying machine where the imagewise light exposure was carried out by using a semiconductor laser light source in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1. The change of the image quality in first to 1000th copies was examined.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 9.0 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 4.2 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 4.2 x 1 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, cyan, magenta and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and 3.5 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment were used as the coloring agent, respectively. These black, cyan and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 4.2 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 4.1 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 4.2 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively. By using these toners, images were formed in the same manner as described in Experiment 3-1.
  • Toners were prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 3-2 except that a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 8.9 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm was used as the binder resin.
  • the obtained magenta, black, cyan and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 9.3 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm, 9.6 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm, 9.2 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm and 9.3 x 10 ⁇ 10 S/cm, respectively.
  • the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 3-1.
  • a magenta toner having an electroconductivity of 9.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and an average particle size of 8.5 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as described in Experiment 3-1 except that a polyester having an electroconductivity of 1.3 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm was used as the binder resin and 2 parts by weight of a metal-containing azo dye was used as the charge-controlling agent.
  • Black, cyan and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and 5 parts by weight of a benzidine pigments were used as the coloring agent, respectively, and the charge-controlling agent was changed to a zinc compound of salicylic acid for the cyan and yellow toners.
  • These black, cyan and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 9.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 1.2 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 1.3 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively. By using these toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 3-1.
  • AS toner having an average particle size of 8.5 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 5.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 4 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a metal-containing azo dye as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 5.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, cyan and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of copper phthalocyanine pigment and 5 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment were used as the coloring agent, a polyester having an electroconductivity of 3.9 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm was used as the binder resin and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex was used as the charge-controlling agent. These black, cyan and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 4.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 3.9 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 3.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers, and these developers were subjected to the development and transfer tests by using a full color electrophotographic copying machine where the imagewise light exposure was carried out by using a semiconductor laser light source.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 8.5 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 1.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, magenta and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment and 4 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment were used as the coloring agent, respectively. These black, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 1.7 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 1.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers, and these developers were subjected to the full color development by using a full color electrophotographic copying machine where the imagewise light exposure was carried out by using a semiconductor laser light source in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1. The change of the image quality in first in 1000th copies was examined.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 8.5 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 5.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a metal-containing azo dye as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 5.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, magenta and yellow toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment and 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment were used as the coloring agent, respectively, 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 3.9 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm was used as the binder and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex was used as the charge-controlling agent.
  • These black, magenta and yellow toners had electroconductivities of 4.0 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 3.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 3.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively. By using these color toners, the full color development was carried out in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 9.0 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 3.8 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 5 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 3.9 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, cyan and magenta toners were prepared in the same manner as described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment were used as the coloring agent, respectively, 100 parts by weight of a polyester having an electroconductivity of 3.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm was used as the binder resin and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex was used as the charge-controlling agent. These black, cyan and magenta toners had electroconductivities of 3.7 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, 3.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm and 3.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, respectively.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers, and these developers were subjected to the full color development in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1. The change of the image quality in first to 1000th copies was examined.
  • a toner having an average particle size of 8.5 ⁇ m was prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a polyester resin having an electroconductivity of 5.5 x 10 ⁇ 9 as the binder resin, 4 parts by weight of a benzidine pigment as the coloring agent and 2 parts by weight of a metal-containing azo dye as the charge-controlling agent, cooling the melt and pulverizing and classifying the solid.
  • the electroconductivity of the obtained toner was 5.6 x 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm.
  • Black, cyan and magenta toners were prepared in the same manner a described above except that 5 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 parts by weight of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and 5 parts by weight of a quinacridone pigment were used as the coloring agent. respectively, and 2 parts by weight of a zinc/salicylic acid complex was used as the charge-controlling agent.
  • toners were mixed with a known magnetic ferrite carrier to form two-component developers, and these developers were subjected to the full color development by using a full color electrophotographic copying machine where the imagewise light exposure was carried out by using a semiconductor laser light source in the same manner as described in Experiment 1-1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Toner, umfassend ein in einem Binderharz eingebautes Farbmittel, zur Verwendung in der totalen Farbentwicklung durch Überlappung mit anderen Tonern, die verschiedene Arten von Farbmitteln umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Binderharzes im Bereich von 1.0 x 10⁻⁹ bis 5.0 x 10⁻⁹ (S/cm) liegt.
  2. Toner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Ladungskontrollmittel eine Zinkverbindung von Salicylsäure umfaßt.
  3. Toner nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Farbmittel ein Cuinacridon-Pigment als Hauptkomponente umfaßt.
  4. Toner nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Farbmittel ein Kupferphthalocyanin-Pigment als Hauptkomponente umfaßt.
  5. Toner nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Farbmittel ein Benzidin-Pigment als Hauptkomponente umfaßt.
  6. Verwendung eines Toners nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 in der totalen Farbentwicklung durch Überlappen des Toners mit anderen Tonern, die verschiedene Arten von Farbmitteln enthalten.
  7. Verwendung eines Magenta-Toners nach Anspruch 3, eines Cyan-Toners nach Anspruch 4 und eines Gelb-Toners nach Anspruch 5 in der totalen Farbentwicklung durch Überlappung der Magenta-, Cyan- und Gelb-Toner.
EP19900312644 1989-11-20 1990-11-20 Toner für totale Farbentwicklung Expired - Lifetime EP0429294B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29971789 1989-11-20
JP299717/89 1989-11-20
JP30659789 1989-11-28
JP306597/89 1989-11-28
JP30890189 1989-11-30
JP30889989 1989-11-30
JP308900/89 1989-11-30
JP30890089 1989-11-30
JP308899/89 1989-11-30
JP308901/89 1989-11-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0429294A2 EP0429294A2 (de) 1991-05-29
EP0429294A3 EP0429294A3 (en) 1991-06-12
EP0429294B1 true EP0429294B1 (de) 1995-01-25

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EP19900312644 Expired - Lifetime EP0429294B1 (de) 1989-11-20 1990-11-20 Toner für totale Farbentwicklung

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EP (1) EP0429294B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2999242B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69016364T2 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2602376B2 (ja) * 1991-07-17 1997-04-23 三田工業株式会社 電子写真用ブラックトナー

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965022A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure-fixable developing powder
DE3786656T2 (de) * 1987-01-19 1994-01-27 Canon Kk Farbtoner und ihn enthaltende Zweikomponentenentwickler.
US4837101A (en) * 1988-02-01 1989-06-06 Xerox Corporation Negatively charged colored toner compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2999242B2 (ja) 2000-01-17
EP0429294A2 (de) 1991-05-29
DE69016364T2 (de) 1995-05-24
EP0429294A3 (en) 1991-06-12
JPH03213875A (ja) 1991-09-19
DE69016364D1 (de) 1995-03-09

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