EP0438245A2 - Nichtmagnetischer Einkomponententwickler - Google Patents

Nichtmagnetischer Einkomponententwickler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0438245A2
EP0438245A2 EP91300232A EP91300232A EP0438245A2 EP 0438245 A2 EP0438245 A2 EP 0438245A2 EP 91300232 A EP91300232 A EP 91300232A EP 91300232 A EP91300232 A EP 91300232A EP 0438245 A2 EP0438245 A2 EP 0438245A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
developer
inorganic powder
hydrophobicity
fine inorganic
silicone oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91300232A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0438245B1 (de
EP0438245A3 (en
Inventor
Yoshihiro 2-9-941 Fujisawa Seibu Makuta
Mitsuo Ueno
Minoru C/O Oki Electric Isobe
C/O Oke Electric Industry Co. Ltd. Kikuchi
Katsuyuki C/O Oki Electric Industry Co. Lt Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zeon Corp
Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
Nippon Zeon Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2409657A external-priority patent/JP3007693B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2409677A external-priority patent/JP2933724B2/ja
Application filed by Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd, Nippon Zeon Co Ltd filed Critical Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
Publication of EP0438245A2 publication Critical patent/EP0438245A2/de
Publication of EP0438245A3 publication Critical patent/EP0438245A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0438245B1 publication Critical patent/EP0438245B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
    • G03G9/09716—Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a developer, and more specifically to a non-magnetic one-component developer suitable for use in developing electrostatic latent images formed on a photosensitive or dielectric member by an electrophotographic apparatus or electrostatic recording apparatus.
  • a mixture composed of colored fine particles, which comprises at least a binder resin and a colorant, and more fine colloidal silica or the like, which is added as a flowability-imparting agent independently of the colored fine particles, will hereinafter be called a "toner".
  • Two-component developers composed of a toner and a carrier are used widely owing to good quality in images developed thereby.
  • the first problem is an adhering phenomenon of the developer to a photosensitive member and/or the like.
  • a carrier such as iron powder or glass beads is mixed in addition to a toner. Therefore, if the toner temporally adheres onto a development roll, development blade and/or photosensitive member, this offers no problem because they are polished by the carrier.
  • the second problem is that such developers cannot be used in a recycling system.
  • an image formed by a developer after development of an electrostatic latent image on the surface of a photosensitive member is transferred to a support material such as paper.
  • the whole developer used in the development on the photosensitive member is not completely transferred and 20-40 wt.% of the developer generally remains on the photosensitive member.
  • the untransferred developer remaining on the photosensitive member has been scraped off by a cleaning blade or the like and collected together to thrown away into a waste developer container.
  • the recycle for reuse of a developer is economical in itself because the 20-40 wt.% portion of the developer, which has been scrapped to date, can be reused and no waste developer container is required, and is also desirable for making apparatus such as copying machines and printers small in size.
  • It is an object of this invention is to provide a non-magnetic one-component developer, which can overcome the above-mentioned problems involved in the prior art, has sufficient charging characteristic, flowability and environmental stability as a developer suitable for use in a contact or non-contact development system, and is high in image quality level such that high image density can be obtained and the production of fog occurs little.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a non-magnetic one-component developer free from formation of a film caused by adhesion of the developer to a development roll, development blade and/or photosensitive member and lowering of image quality even when the developer is used for a long period of time.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a non-magnetic one-component developer free from lowering of its flowability and changing of image quality.
  • the present invention has been led to completion on the basis of this finding.
  • a non-magnetic one-component developer suitable for use in a development system in which a development blade for controlling the layer thickness of the developer is arranged so as to bring it into contact under pressure with the surface of a development roll, the developer is evenly applied to the surface of the development roll and the development roll is brought into direct contact with an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member or caused to face in a non-contact relation with the latent image, thereby developing the latent image, comprising 100 parts by weight of colored fine particles, which comprises at least a binder resin and a colorant, and 0.3-10 parts by weight of at least one fine inorganic powder selected from (i) a fine inorganic powder (I) obtained by subjecting a fine inorganic powder having an average particle size of 0.1-10 ⁇ m and a heating loss (under drying conditions of 150°C and 1 hour) of at most 1 wt.% to a hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with a silicone oil and (ii) a fine inorganic powder (I) obtained by
  • the heating loss (under drying conditions of 150°C and 1 hour) of the fine inorganic powder after the treatment may preferably be controlled to at most 1 wt.%.
  • the charge level of the fine inorganic powders (I) or (II) imparted with hydrophobicity may preferably be -50 to -150 ⁇ C/g as determined in accordance with the blow-off method (this charge level will hereinafter be called the "blow-off charge level") and its degree of hydrophobicity may preferably be 5 - 50.
  • the developer according to this invention may be used in copying machines and printers of various systems, but may preferably be used in a recycling system in which an untransferred developer remaining on a photosensitive member is scraped by a cleaning blade or the like to recover it and the thus-recovered developer is then returned to a developing region (for example, a developer container).
  • a developing region for example, a developer container
  • the fine inorganic powder may be used various kinds of powders.
  • silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate or alumina is preferred.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of developing apparatus and methods to which a non-magnetic one-component developer according to this invention can be applied.
  • the fine inorganic powder useful in the practice of this invention has a particle size in the range of 0.1-10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.3-5 ⁇ m. If the particle size should be smaller than 0.1 ⁇ m, a resulting developer will have little polishing effect. On the other hand, any particle sizes greater than 10 ⁇ m will result in a developer by which a photosensitive member and the like are damaged and which has lowered flowability, whereby image quality is deteriorated.
  • the proportion of the fine inorganic powder (I) and/or (II) imparted with hydrophobicity falls within a range of 0.3-10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-5.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the fine colored particles comprising the binder resin and colorant. Any proportions lower than 0.3 part by weight will result in a developer having little polishing effect. On the other hand, any proportions higher than 10 parts by weight will result in a developer having lowered flowability, whereby image quality is deteriorated.
  • silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate or alumina is preferred from the viewpoint of polishing effect.
  • a fine inorganic powder having a heating loss of at most 1 wt.%, preferably at most 0.5 wt.% as determined under drying conditions of 150°C and 1 hour is used as a raw material. If the heating loss should be greater than 1 wt.%, the subsequent hydrophobicity-imparting treatment cannot be conducted successfully, whereby the flowability of a resulting developer cannot be enhanced. If the heating loss (under drying conditions of 150°C and 1 hour) of the fine inorganic powder before the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment is high, it is therefore important to control it to at most 1 wt.% by subjecting the powder to a heat treatment or the like in advance. (Hydrophobicity-imparting treatment)
  • the fine inorganic powder (I) obtained by subjecting a fine inorganic powder to the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with a silicone oil or (ii) the fine inorganic powder (II) obtained by subjecting a fine inorganic powder to the two-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with a silane coupling agent or a silazane compound and then further with a silicone oil is used in order to enhance the flowability of a resulting developer.
  • Both fine inorganic powders thus hydrophobicity-imparted may be used in combination.
  • a fine inorganic powder (II) imparted with hydrophobicity a fine inorganic powder is subjected to the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with a silane coupling agent or a silazane compound in advance to control its heating loss to preferably at most 1 wt.%, more preferably at most 0.5 wt.% as determined under drying conditions of 150°C and 1 hour, and then subjected further to the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with a silicone oil.
  • silane coupling agent useful in the practice of this invention may include, for example, the following compound: (1) Vinyl-containing compounds:
  • H2C CHSi(OC2H5)3
  • H2C CHCH2SiCl3
  • H2C CHCH2Si(CH3)Cl2
  • H2C CHCH2Si(CH3)2Cl
  • H2C CHCH2Si(OC2H5)3
  • H2C CHSi(OC2H4OCH3)3
  • alkoxy groups of the above-exemplified silane coupling agents may be replaced by chlorine atoms.
  • silazane compound useful in the practice of this invention may include, for example, the following compound:
  • silane coupling agents and silazane compounds may be used either singly or in combination.
  • the silane coupling agent or silazane compound is used as is or by diluting with an organic solvent.
  • the amount of the silane coupling agent or silazane compound to be used is preferably 0.1-10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the fine inorganic powder.
  • the first-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment is conducted by first adding the silane coupling agent or silazane compound itself or its dilute solution with an organic solvent to the fine inorganic powder, mixing the resultant mixture by a mixer such as a Henschel mixer and then, after removing the solvent from the mixture by air drying when the solvent is used, hardening the silane coupling agent or silazane compound under heating or by other means.
  • a mixer such as a Henschel mixer
  • the treated fine inorganic powder still contains absorbed water unless the drying after treatment is complete. This adversely affects the hardening in the second-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with the silicone oil, resulting in a developer having insufficient flowability.
  • the heating loss of the fine inorganic powder after completion of the first-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment is important to control the heating loss of the fine inorganic powder after completion of the first-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment to preferably at most 1 wt.%, more preferably at most 0.5 wt.% as determined under drying conditions of 150°C and 1 hour.
  • the silicone oil is used as is or by diluting with an organic solvent.
  • the amount of the silicone oil to be used is about 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fine inorganic powder.
  • the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment is conducted by adding the silicone oil itself or its dilute solution with an organic solvent to the fine inorganic powder or that subjected to the first-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with the silane coupling agent or silazane compound, mixing the resultant mixture by a mixer such as a Henschel mixer and then, after removing the solvent from the mixture by air drying when the solvent is used, hardening the silicone oil or making the fine inorganic powder wetted with the silicone oil by either heating the mixture or using a hardening catalyst under temperature conditions of from room temperature to 300°C for several minutes to several days.
  • a mixer such as a Henschel mixer
  • silicone oils usable in this invention may be mentioned various kinds of silicone oils such as a dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, silanol-modified silicone oil, alkyl-modified silicone oil, amino-modified silicone oil, epoxy-modified silicone oil and fluorosilicone oil and silicone-polyether copolymers.
  • the dimethyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil and silanol-modified silicone oil are particularly preferred in view of easiness of treatment, water-repellent performance, etc.
  • the dimethyl silicone oil has a viscosity of 10-2,000 cSt and is used as is or by diluting with an organic solvent.
  • the dimethyl silicone oil is added in a proportion of 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fine inorganic powder and the resultant mixture is mixed by a Henschel mixer or the like. Thereafter, when the organic solvent is used, it is removed from the mixture by air drying. The mixture was heated at 100-300°C for 10 minutes to 10 hours to harden the silicone oil or make the fine inorganic powder wetted with the same, thereby imparting hydrophobicity to the fine inorganic powder.
  • the methyl hydrogen silicone oil is used as is or by diluting with an organic solvent.
  • the methyl hydrogen silicone oil is added in a proportion of 0.1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fine inorganic powder and the resultant mixture is mixed by a Henschel mixer. Thereafter, when the organic solvent is used, it is removed from the mixture by air drying. The mixture was then heated at 100-200°C for 0.5-5 hours to harden the silicone oil or make the fine inorganic powder wetted with the same.
  • a catalyst such as zinc octylate, tin octylate or dibutyltin dilaurate is added in a proportion of 0.1-5 parts by weight based on the 100 parts by weight of the methyl hydrogen silicone oil and, after removing the solvent from the mixture by air drying when the solvent is used, the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment is performed at a temperature from room temperature to 200°C for 0.5-24 hours.
  • silanol-modified silicone oil 2-10 parts by weight of the methyl hydrogen silicone oil or alkoxy-modified silicone oil as a crosslinking agent and 0.5-5 parts by weight of zinc octylate, tin octylate or dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst are mixed with 100 parts by weight of the silanol-modified silicone oil.
  • the resultant mixture is diluted with an organic solvent.
  • the dilute solution is mixed with the fine inorganic powder in such a manner that the silanol-modified silicone oil is contained in a proportion of 0.5-2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the fine inorganic powder.
  • the silanol-modified silicone oil is hardened at a temperature from room temperature to 200°C for 0.5-24 hours or the fine inorganic powder is wetted with the silicone oil.
  • the blow-off charge level of the fine inorganic powder (I) or (II) imparted with the hydrophobicity according to this invention preferably falls within the range of -50 to -150 ⁇ C/g. Any blow-off charge levels greater than -50 ⁇ C/g will be too insufficient not to lower the image density. Any blow-off charge levels smaller than -150 ⁇ C/g will often produce fog.
  • the degree of hydrophobicity (according to the methanol wettability method) of the fine inorganic powder (I) or (II) imparted with the hydrophobicity preferably falls within the range of 5-50. If the degree of hydrophobicity should be less than 5, the flowability of a resulting developer will be lowered, and the deterioration of image density and the production of fog will occur under high humidity. On the other hand, if the degree of hydrophobicity should exceed 50, the polishing effect of the fine inorganic powder will become lowered, and the deterioration of image density and the production of fog and scumming caused by adhesion of a resulting developer to a photosensitive body will occur in a durability test. (Binder resin, colorant and others)
  • binder resin for the developer usable in this invention may be mentioned various kinds of resins, which have been widely used in developers for electrophotography or printers to date, for example, polymers of styrene and substituted styrenes, such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene copolymers such as styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymers, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymers, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymers, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymers, stty
  • charge control agents usable in the developer may be mentioned conventionally known agents such as oxidized starch, metallized dyes, metal complexes of salicylic acid, nigrosine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, rhodamine dyes and phthalocyanine dyes.
  • colorants usable in the developer may be mentioned conventionally known colorants such as carbon black, dyes and pigments. (Recycle and reuse of untransferred developer)
  • An untransferred developer remaining on a photosensitive member after development by a developing apparatus used in a copying machine or a printer is preferably used in a recycling manner in which the untransferred developer is scraped by a cleaning blade or the like to recover it and the thus-recovered developer is fed back by a screw or the like to an original developer container (a developing region) to reuse it. (Developing method)
  • the non-magnetic one-component developer according to this invention is suitable for use in a development system in which a development blade for controlling the layer thickness of the developer is arranged so as to bring it into contact under pressure with the surface of a development roll, the developer is evenly applied to the surface of the development roll and the development roll is brought into direct contact with an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member or caused to face in a non-contact relation with the latent image, thereby developing the latent image.
  • FIG. 1 A developing apparatus and method in which the developer according to this invention can be used will hereinafter be described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • a developer 4 contained in a developer container 5 is moved between a development roll 2 and a development blade 3 by a stirring rod 6 to forcedly form a thin layer of the developer on the development roll 2 and at the same time, the thin layer of the developer 4 is electrically charged.
  • a photosensitive member 1 is electrically charged by a charger wire 9 in advance, to which a photo-signal or photo-image 10 is exposed, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 1.
  • the developer on the development roll 2 is brought into contact with the latent image to develop it.
  • the thus-developed image on the photosensitive member 1 is then transferred to a support member 13 such as paper using a charger wire 11 for transfer.
  • the support member 13 is then caused to pass through between heating rolls 12 to fix the image to the support member 13.
  • a non-magnetic one-component developer which has sufficient charging characteristic, flowability and environmental stability as a developer suitable for use in a contact or non-contact development system and is high in image quality level such that high image density can be obtained and the production of fog occurs little.
  • the non-magnetic one-component developer according to the present invention is free from formation of a film caused by adhesion of the developer to a development roll, development blade and/or photosensitive member and from changing of image quality even when it is used in a recycling system, and has a variety of excellent properties.
  • each developer was evaluated by measuring it by a powder tester manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation. Namely, a fixed weight of the developer was weighed out to put it on a sieve of 60 mesh. The sieve was shaken at a predetermined amplitude for a fixed period of time. The weight of the toner passed through the sieve is expressed as its flowability in terms of weight per minute.
  • the charge level of a fine inorganic powder imparted with hydrophobicity was measured in the following manner. Namely, 59.7 g of a carrier, "TEFV 150/250" (product of Powdertec K.K.) and 0.3 g of the fine inorganic powder were weighed to place them into an SUS-made pot. After rotating the pot for 30 minutes, the powder was blown off under a nitrogen gas pressure of 1 kg/cm2 in a blow-off meter manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Corporation.
  • a stirrer rod of a stirrer was placed in a 100-ml beaker, in which 50 ml of distilled water was poured. A fine inorganic powder to be determined was weighed by 0.2 g and softly floated on the surface of the water. The beaker was placed on the stirrer and the stirrer rod was moved to stir the water gently.
  • a burette was charged with methanol and placed in the beaker in such a manner that the tip of the burette lies under the surface of the water, followed by dropwise addition of methanol.
  • the amount of methanol added dropwise was read out at the time the fine inorganic powder on the surface of the water began to sink to calculate the volume percentage of methanol in the beaker. This value was taken as the degree of hydrophobicity.
  • the evaluation of the image density (ID) was performed by measuring a black solid area by a "Macbeth" reflection densitometer.
  • the developer was used in a recycling manner.
  • a fine inorganic powder imparted with hydrophobicity was prepared by adding 1 part by weight of a dimethyl silicone oil to 100 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, mixing the resultant mixture by a Henschel mixer and then heating the mixture at 250°C for 2 hours to harden the silicone oil or make the silicon dioxide wetted with the silicone oil.
  • the particle size of the silicon dioxide used was 2.5 ⁇ m and its heating loss (150°C and 1 hour) was 0.3 wt.%.
  • the flowability of the developer thus obtained was as high as 65 and was hence sufficient.
  • copying was conducted 20,000 times by the developing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1. The images of the copies were stable from the beginning and their quality was not changed even when the copying had been conducted twenty thousand times.
  • the image density was changed only a little and was good even under both conditions of humidity as low as 20% RH at 10°C and humidity as high as 80% RH at 30°C.
  • Example 2 The same silicon dioxide as that used in Example 1 was left to stand under high humidity and then its heating loss (150°C, 1 hour) was determined. As a result, it was found to be 1.6 wt.%.
  • a non-magnetic one-component developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this fine inorganic powder was used.
  • the flowability of the developer thus obtained was as low as 25 and was hence insufficient. Further, the durability test was conducted. As a result, it was found that the image density was low from the beginning and the production of fog was also observed. The copying of twenty thousand sheets revealed that uneven portions appeared on the images, and hence the developer was unfit for service.
  • a methyl hydrogen silicone oil and a mixture of 5 parts by weight of the same methyl hydrogen silicone oil, 100 parts by weight of a silanol-modified silicone oil and 1.0 part by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate were used in Example 2 and Example 3, respectively.
  • a non-magnetic one-component developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silicon dioxide having a particle size as small as 0.016 ⁇ m was used as a fine inorganic powder.
  • the flowability of the developer thus obtained was as high as 75 and was hence sufficient.
  • the developer involved no problem in the beginning.
  • black stripes appeared on copies as the number of copies increased.
  • the inspection of the surface of the photosensitive body revealed that a film caused by the adhesion of the developer was formed thereon.
  • a non-magnetic one-component developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silicon dioxide having a particle size as great as 15 ⁇ m was used as a fine inorganic powder.
  • the flowability of the developer thus obtained was as low as 20 and was hence insufficient.
  • the durability test revealed that the image density was low from the beginning and the production of fog was also observed.
  • the developer was hence unfit for service.
  • Example 1 Developers were separately obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate were used, as fine inorganic powders, in Example 4 and Example 5, respectively, as shown in Table 1, and a methyl hydrogen silicone oil was used as a silicone oil, and they were evaluated similarly.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine inorganic powder which had been obtained in Example 1 and imparted with the hydrophobicity was used in an amount of 0.1 part by weight, and it was evaluated similarly. As a result, it was found that the developer thus obtained was low in image density, the production of fog was observed and black stripes appeared on copies as the number of copies increased. Closer inspection revealed that a film of the developer was formed on the surface of the photosensitive member.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine inorganic powder which had been obtained in Example 1 and imparted with the hydrophobicity was used in an amount of 15 parts by weight, and it was evaluated similarly. As a result, it was found that the flowability of the developer thus obtained was low and the image density was also low. Fog and uneven areas on image appeared as the number of copies increased. The developer was hence unfit for service.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine inorganic powder used in Example 1 was used as is without subjecting it to the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment, and it was evaluates similarly.
  • the flowability of the developer thus obtained was as low as 23.
  • the durability test revealed that the image density was low from the beginning and also the production of fog was often observed. Fog and uneven areas on image became heavier as the number of copies increased. The developer was hence unfit for service.
  • the particle size of the aluminum silicate used was 1.4 ⁇ m.
  • the flowability of the developer thus obtained was as high as 65 and was hence sufficient.
  • the developer was evaluated under both conditions of high temperature and humidity and low temperature and humidity. In each test, good results were obtained as with the durability test.
  • Example 6 Developer were separately obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that various kinds of silane coupling agents were used in place of hexamethyldisilazane used in Example 6 to conduct the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment, and they were evaluated similarly.
  • Example 7 One part by weight of ⁇ -chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5 part by weight of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.5 part by weight of ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane were used in Example 7, Example 8 and Example 9, respectively.
  • aluminum silicate having a particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m was used instead of that in Example 6.
  • a dimethyl silicone oil and a mixture of 5 parts by weight of a methyl hydrogen silicone oil, 100 parts by weight of a silanol-modified silicone oil and 1.0 part by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate were used in Example 10 and Example 11, respectively.
  • silicon dioxide and magnesium silicate were used, as fine inorganic powders, in Example 12 and Example 13, respectively. Beside, in both examples, each 1.0 part by weight of hexamethyldisilazane, and 0.5 part by weight (Example 12) or 1.0 part by weight (Example 13) of a methyl hydrogen silicone oil as a silicone oil were used.
  • the hydrophobicity-imparting treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the treatment was conducted with the hexamethyldisilazane alone.
  • the developer thus obtained was low in flowability.
  • the durability test revealed that the initial image density was low and also the production of fog was often observed, and hence the developer had image properties unfit for service.
  • Silicon dioxide having a particle size of 0.016 ⁇ m was used as a fine inorganic powder.
  • the inorganic powder was subjected to the two-step hydrophobicity-imparting treatment with hexamethyldisilazane and a methyl hydrogen silicone oil.
  • the thus-treated powder was mixed with the same colored fine particles as those used in Example 6, thereby obtaining a developer.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that silicon dioxide having a particle size as great as 15 ⁇ m was used as a fine inorganic powder.
  • the developer thus obtained was low in flowability and its image quality was such that the image density was low, fog was often produced and hence it was unfit for service.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the amount of the fine inorganic powder used in Example 6 and imparted with hydrophobicity was changed from 2 parts by weight to 0.1 part by weight.
  • the developer thus obtained had high flowability. However, in the durability test, the initial image properties was good, but black stripes appeared on copies as the number of copies increased. Closer inspection revealed that the developer adhered on the surface of the photosensitive member to form a film of the developer.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the amount of the fine inorganic powder used in Example 6 and imparted with hydrophobicity was changed from 2 parts by weight to 15 parts by weight.
  • the developer thus obtained had low flowability.
  • the durability test revealed that the initial image density was low, fog was often produced and the developer hence had image properties unfit for service.
  • a developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a fine inorganic powder, which was same as that used in Example 6, but not treated and had a degree of hydrophobicity of 0, was used.
  • the developer thus obtained was such that the initial image density was somewhat low, and the image density became lower and the production of fog also increased as the number of copies increased.
  • the charge level of colloidal silica widely used as a flowability-imparting agent in general was measured. As a result, it showed a very small value as -560 ⁇ C/g.
  • 100 parts by weight of the same colored fine particles as those used in Example 1 was mixed 0.5 part by weight of this colloidal silica to obtain a developer.
  • the thus-obtained developer was evaluated similarly. Its image density was too high from the beginning and fog was often produced. The fog became heavier and the number of black stripes on copies also increased as the number of copies increased.
  • the inspection of the surface of the photosensitive member revealed that the developer adhered thereon to form a film of the developer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP91300232A 1990-01-16 1991-01-14 Nichtmagnetischer Einkomponententwickler Expired - Lifetime EP0438245B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4614/90 1990-01-16
JP461490 1990-01-16
JP2409657A JP3007693B2 (ja) 1990-12-11 1990-12-11 非磁性一成分現像剤
JP409677/90 1990-12-11
JP409657/90 1990-12-11
JP2409677A JP2933724B2 (ja) 1990-01-16 1990-12-11 非磁性一成分現像剤

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0438245A2 true EP0438245A2 (de) 1991-07-24
EP0438245A3 EP0438245A3 (en) 1991-09-11
EP0438245B1 EP0438245B1 (de) 1997-06-18

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EP91300232A Expired - Lifetime EP0438245B1 (de) 1990-01-16 1991-01-14 Nichtmagnetischer Einkomponententwickler

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EP (1) EP0438245B1 (de)
AU (1) AU652138B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69126549T2 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609870A1 (de) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Hydrophobes Kieselsäurepulver, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Entwickler für Elektrophotographie
US5397670A (en) * 1993-07-13 1995-03-14 Industrial Technology Research Institute Single-component non-magnetic toner developer for electrophotographic processes
EP0774696A3 (de) * 1995-11-20 1997-05-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Toner für die Entwicklung elektrostatischer Bilder, Bildherstellungsverfahren und Prozesskassette
EP0863444A1 (de) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-09 Cabot Corporation Ladungsmodifizierte Metalloxyde und elektrostatographische Systeme worin diese eingesetzt werden

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CN104955581B (zh) 2012-11-02 2017-11-17 脉动灌溉产品股份有限公司 具有两个预设的压力响应常闭阀的脉动装置

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JPS617865A (ja) * 1984-06-22 1986-01-14 Sharp Corp 画像形成装置
US4702936A (en) * 1984-09-20 1987-10-27 Applied Materials Japan, Inc. Gas-phase growth process
US4868034A (en) * 1988-02-11 1989-09-19 Heraeus Incorporated Cermalloy Division Non-oxidizing copper thick film conductors

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609870A1 (de) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Hydrophobes Kieselsäurepulver, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Entwickler für Elektrophotographie
US5397670A (en) * 1993-07-13 1995-03-14 Industrial Technology Research Institute Single-component non-magnetic toner developer for electrophotographic processes
EP0774696A3 (de) * 1995-11-20 1997-05-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Toner für die Entwicklung elektrostatischer Bilder, Bildherstellungsverfahren und Prozesskassette
US5695902A (en) * 1995-11-20 1997-12-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Toner for developing electrostatic image, image forming method and process-cartridge
EP0863444A1 (de) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-09 Cabot Corporation Ladungsmodifizierte Metalloxyde und elektrostatographische Systeme worin diese eingesetzt werden
US5900315A (en) * 1997-03-06 1999-05-04 Cabot Corporation Charge-modified metal oxide particles
US5989768A (en) * 1997-03-06 1999-11-23 Cabot Corporation Charge-modified metal oxides with cyclic silazane and electrostatographic systems incorporating same

Also Published As

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DE69126549T2 (de) 1997-11-13
AU652138B2 (en) 1994-08-18
AU6935491A (en) 1991-07-18
EP0438245B1 (de) 1997-06-18
DE69126549D1 (de) 1997-07-24
EP0438245A3 (en) 1991-09-11

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