EP0444504B1 - Méthode pour utiliser au moins un composant d'un gaz de fumée - Google Patents

Méthode pour utiliser au moins un composant d'un gaz de fumée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0444504B1
EP0444504B1 EP91102376A EP91102376A EP0444504B1 EP 0444504 B1 EP0444504 B1 EP 0444504B1 EP 91102376 A EP91102376 A EP 91102376A EP 91102376 A EP91102376 A EP 91102376A EP 0444504 B1 EP0444504 B1 EP 0444504B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
hydrocarbons
gas
gases
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91102376A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0444504A3 (en
EP0444504A2 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Dr. Fischer
Georg Prof.Dr.Ing. Menges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fischer Reinhard
Original Assignee
Fischer Reinhard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4006104A external-priority patent/DE4006104A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4026201A external-priority patent/DE4026201A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4038905A external-priority patent/DE4038905A1/de
Application filed by Fischer Reinhard filed Critical Fischer Reinhard
Publication of EP0444504A2 publication Critical patent/EP0444504A2/fr
Publication of EP0444504A3 publication Critical patent/EP0444504A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0444504B1 publication Critical patent/EP0444504B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C07C1/10—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
    • C07C273/04—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock

Definitions

  • Waste includes household waste, special waste, shredded goods and the like.
  • the waste is burned with oxygen in a suitable furnace, the exhaust gases are cooled in a waste heat boiler and then largely freed of pollutants in a suitable gas cleaning system.
  • This combustion process creates flue gas, and existing hydrocarbons are mainly burned to carbon dioxide and water and released into the environment. Since the nitrogen ballast that is present when burning with air is missing, the combustion exhaust gases have only low nitrogen contents, depending on the nitrogen content in the waste to be incinerated. Carbon dioxide is a very undesirable combustion product these days because it contributes to the so-called "greenhouse effect".
  • EP-A-0 079 207 "Process for the production of hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives thereof by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbondioxide" shows: m CO2 + n H2 ⁇ o CH4 + p CH3OH + q CO While so-called synthesis gases specially produced for the synthesis of hydrocarbons have been used, but syntheses with top gases and water gas have also been carried out, it has been proposed for the first time with DE-A 35 25 479 that CO2 formed from the combustion of gases at a high temperature Converting methane and water vapor into a gas consisting mainly of CO and H2, which is suitable as a synthesis gas for a wide variety of synthesis products. Based on this prior art, the invention has for its object to propose a method of the type described above, with the cheap raw material sources for the production of hydrocarbons can be tapped, the process should be largely emission-free, so that in particular avoided carbon dioxide emissions becomes.
  • hydrocarbon-containing and / or carbon-containing substances are burned with high-percentage oxygen and the carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide and steam gases which are produced during the combustion are used for the synthesis of hydrocarbons.
  • the primary fuel namely carbon or hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as. B. garbage, shredder debris, special waste and the like.
  • the primary fuel namely carbon or hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as. B. garbage, shredder debris, special waste and the like.
  • Are burned with oxygen-containing gases, and the resulting carbon oxides and possibly water vapor can be converted in various ways into hydrocarbons of different compositions.
  • a reduction of the CO2 contained in the flue gas and possibly also the H2O is carried out by injecting gaseous, liquid, granulated or crushed solid waste hydrocarbons, such as. B.
  • the flue gases from waste incineration with oxygen mainly contain carbon dioxide and water vapor.
  • certain CO contents can be set in the flue gas.
  • Another possibility according to the invention of generating CO in the exhaust gas is to first carry out a complete combustion of the waste with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water vapor and then to reduce the carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide by spraying liquid waste hydrocarbons into the hot exhaust gas.
  • Water can also be injected into the hot gas and converted into steam.
  • Ratio of H2O CO a ratio of 1.0 - 1.5: 3. If you pass this gas mixture at normal pressure or elevated pressure at temperatures of 220 - 300 ° C over suitable catalysts, hydrocarbons of various compositions are formed. With the help of oxygen, they can also be converted into hydrocarbon derivatives.
  • a synthesis gas By injecting liquid waste hydrocarbons and water into the hot flue gas, a synthesis gas can be generated, which mainly consists of CO and H2: C3H8 + 3 H2O ⁇ 3 CO + 7 H2 C3H8 + 3 CO2 ⁇ 6 CO + 4 H2
  • the hydrogen required for this can be obtained by the decomposition of water, the resulting oxygen can be used immediately for the combustion of the carbon and / or hydrocarbonaceous substances.
  • the energy for water separation is advantageously obtained from the combustion of the carbon and / or hydrocarbonaceous substances themselves.
  • granular or pulverized waste hydrocarbons such as plastic waste in any combination
  • hydrocarbon-containing, liquid, gaseous or granular waste materials such as. B. PCB-containing waste oil or the like.
  • solid hydrocarbon-containing waste materials such as. B. polyolefins
  • the flue gases leave the incinerator at a temperature above 1,200 ° C, pass through a waste heat boiler and, after cooling to approx. 300 ° C, are used in a gas cleaning system, e.g. B. a high temperature fabric filter made of Teflon, dedusted. Then they are in a conventional and known synthesis device, which is equipped with appropriate catalysts, in the desired hydrocarbons or oxygen-containing hydrocarbon derivatives converted.
  • FIG. 1 An example of variant 1 is shown in FIG. 1
  • This variant is a modification of variant 1 insofar as only CO2 is reduced to CO by injecting liquid waste hydrocarbons. At the same time, so much water is injected into the hot gases before or after the waste heat boiler that the known optimal ratio CO to H2O is set depending on the desired hydrocarbon compound.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de valorisation des gaz de fumée formés lors de la combustion de substances contenant des hydrocarbures et/ou contenant du carbone, avec de l'oxygène à haute teneur, suivant lequel, dans le gaz de fumée, sont injectés des déchets d'hydrocarbures gazeux, liquides ou solides granulés ou pulvérisés, en vue de la réduction du dioxyde de carbone et de la vapeur d'eau contenus dans le gaz de fumée, et les gaz ainsi formés sont soumis à une conversion en hydrocarbures.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les substances parvenant à la combustion, sont des déchets, en particulier des ordures, des ordures spéciales ou des matériaux déchiquetés.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que les déchets d'hydrocarbures sont une huile usée, des solvants ou des déchets de matières plastiques.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que la combustion avec de l'oxygène à haute teneur est conduite avec un déficit en oxygène.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que les gaz qui se forment sont refroidis et épurés avant une conversion en hydrocarbures.
  6. Procède selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le gaz de fumée chaud, sont injectés des déchets d'hydrocarbures et de l'eau, sur quoi ce mélange de gaz est refroidi et épuré avant l'utilisation ultérieure.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les déchets d'hydrocarbures et l'eau sont injectés dans une quantité telle que l'on parvienne à un rapport H₂O:CO de 1,0-1,5:3.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les gaz de fumée traités sont chargés dans des installations existantes pour l'obtention de gaz de synthèse, de gaz combustible, de gaz de réduction ou d'autres gaz intéressants au moins additionnellement aux substances qui y étaient utilisées jusqu'ici.
  9. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'hydrogène nécessaire à l'hydrogénation est obtenu par la décomposition de l'eau, et l'oxygène qui se forme alors est utilisé pour la combustion des substances contenant du carbone et/ou contenant des hydrocarbures.
EP91102376A 1990-02-27 1991-02-20 Méthode pour utiliser au moins un composant d'un gaz de fumée Expired - Lifetime EP0444504B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4006104 1990-02-27
DE4006104A DE4006104A1 (de) 1990-02-27 1990-02-27 Verfahren zur verwertung der beim verbrennen von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen abfaellen mit sauerstoff anfallenden kohlenoxide
DE4026201 1990-08-18
DE4026201A DE4026201A1 (de) 1990-08-18 1990-08-18 Verfahren zum umwandeln von kohlenmonoxid, kohlendioxid und wasser aus rauchgasen in kohlenwasserstoffe
DE4038905 1990-12-06
DE4038905A DE4038905A1 (de) 1990-08-18 1990-12-06 Verfahren zum umwandeln von kohlenmonoxid, kohlendioxid und wasser aus rauchgasen in kohlenwasserstoffe

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0444504A2 EP0444504A2 (fr) 1991-09-04
EP0444504A3 EP0444504A3 (en) 1991-10-23
EP0444504B1 true EP0444504B1 (fr) 1995-04-05

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ID=27200911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91102376A Expired - Lifetime EP0444504B1 (fr) 1990-02-27 1991-02-20 Méthode pour utiliser au moins un composant d'un gaz de fumée

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0444504B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59105068D1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989003241A1 (fr) * 1987-10-16 1989-04-20 Reinhard Fischer Procede d'elimination de dechets par combustion enrichie avec de l'oxygene

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3660023A (en) * 1970-02-02 1972-05-02 Dow Chemical Co Process for recovering carbon dioxide from stack gas
EP0079207A1 (fr) * 1981-11-07 1983-05-18 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Procédé pour la production d'hydrocarbures et de leurs dérivés oxygénés par l'hydrogénation catalytique de dioxyde de carbone
BR8203296A (pt) * 1982-06-04 1984-01-10 Tecnolumen Engenharia Ltda Processo para aproveitamento de residuos organicos e hidrogenio proveniente de eletrolise d'agua,com producao de gases de composicao e poder calorifico controlados
FR2557555B1 (fr) * 1983-12-30 1987-05-15 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveau procede de fabrication de gaz de synthese utilisable notamment pour la production de methanol
GB8426344D0 (en) * 1984-10-18 1984-11-21 British Petroleum Co Plc Conversion process
DE3525479A1 (de) * 1985-07-17 1987-01-29 Josef Hubert Schick Verfahren zum erzeugen von waermeenergie durch verbrennen einer kohlenwasserstoffverbindung und gleichzeitiger wiedergewinnung des in dieser enthaltenen kohlenstoffs

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989003241A1 (fr) * 1987-10-16 1989-04-20 Reinhard Fischer Procede d'elimination de dechets par combustion enrichie avec de l'oxygene

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0444504A3 (en) 1991-10-23
EP0444504A2 (fr) 1991-09-04
DE59105068D1 (de) 1995-05-11

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