Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
  • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
  • H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
  • H10N60/0661—Processes performed after copper oxide formation, e.g. patterning

Definitions

• This invention relates to methods for processing superconducting materials to enhance their superconducting properties such as, for example, to elevate their critical temperature, and the resulting materials.
• Superconducting perovskites such as Ba 2 YCu_0 7 _ ⁇ , Ba 2 YbCu 3 0__ ⁇ and other now well known species in which the Y or Yb are replaced by other rare earth elements such as La, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu and the Ba is completely or partially replaced by Sr or Ca, exhibit a transition to the superconducting state at approximately 90 Kelvins.
• Other superconductors are known in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-0 systems. Materials with higher transitions will expand greatly the uses for superconducting materials.
• the method according to one aspect of the invention for elevating the critical temperature of a superconducting oxide involves exposing the oxide to ozone, oxygen radicals or oxygen bearing ions.
• the oxide is cooled to the superconducting state before exposure to ozone.
• the oxide is thermally cycled into and out of the . superconducting state before exposure to the ozone.
• the ozone may be in either the liquid or the gaseous state and may be supplied as a mixture with oxygen. Electrical current may also be driven through the oxide during exposure to the ozone. After processing according to the invention the superconducting materials exhibit a higher critical temperature.
• the invention is applicable to all superconducting oxides whether made from oxides of the constituent metals or by oxidizing an alloy of the metallic precursors or made in any other way.
• the process is also applicable to the metallic alloy precursors themselves, both oxidation to the superconducting oxide and elevation of critical temperature occurring during processing according to the invention.
• the starting material was barium yttrium cuprate, Ba 2 YCu-0_ or barium ytterbium cuprate, Ba 2 YbCu-0_ .
• the yttrium materials had been processed in the following manner. A slurry of oxide particles (BaO J Cincinnati, YO overlap a, CuO memox) and an organic solvent is spread over a sheet and then flattened with a second sheet. This is then fired at 950°C for 8 hours in an 0 2 atm. The transition temperature is approximately 91 K as measured by both susceptibility and dc measurements. The specimens were approximately 50 ⁇ thick with a variety of surface geometries.
• the ytterbium material was prepared by the oxidation.of the metallic precursors of the superconducting oxide. The only surface area requirement was that sufficient material be present to allow contact of the wires for the dc 4-point technique.
• a sample holder simultaneously allowed exposure of the specimen to a fluid atmosphere, that is, either liquid or gas, while at the same time maintaining electrical contact through five metal wires.
• Two outer wires served as current leads, while two inner wires served as voltage probes.
• a fifth wire was present, but unused.
• the outer two wires deliver electrical current of a magnitude to be specified, while the inner two measure the voltage across the specimen while this current is passing. This serves as basis for a dc 4-point probe technique which involves passing a current through the specimen while
• EXAMPLE 1 5 A sample of barium yttrium cuprate was thermally cycled in the following manner. First, the temperature of the sample, in a helium atmosphere, was decreased from room temperature to 85 K. The time for this cooling was approximately 15 minutes. The 0 transition to the superconducting state was observed. The temperature was then raised until the transition to the normal state occurred. This took approximately 5 minutes ' with an end temperature of approximately 110 K to assure complete transition. Atmosphere during this 5 part of the thermal cycle was again helium gas. When the specimen temperature reached 110 K, the gas atmosphere was changed to pure oxygen gas, whereupon the temperature was decreased from 110 K to 85 K over a period of -15 minutes.
• the 0 atmosphere of the specimen was pure oxygen, which boils at approximately 91 K under the conditions of this experiment.
• the specimen was in fact immersed in liquid oxygen.
• the temperature had reached 85 K, it was slowly raised to a value of 110 K over a course of 1 hour at which time the superconducting-to-normal transition occurred.
• the atmosphere of the specimen was pure oxygen.
• the thermal cycle from 110 K to 85 K in pure oxygen was repeated twice more for a total of 3 full cycles. After this, the temperature of the specimen was decreased from 110 K to 85 K in an oxygen atmosphere. After the specimen temperature had reached 85 K, it was maintained at roughly this value.
• ozone was generated by energizing a Tesia coil for a period of approximately 10 minutes. Oxygen flowing over the Tesla coil was partially converted to ozone which then found its way into the cell.
• the following recipe was used to add ozone to the cell: 10 min., making 0 3 , 10 min. flow just O,, 10 min. making 0, .
• the temperature was then slowly increased from 85 K to approximately 175 K, taking ⁇ 2 hours.
• the resistance of the specimen was measured continuously by a dc four-point probe technique.
• the specimen Prior to the generation of ozone, the specimen repeatedly demonstrated a dramatic change in resistance at a temperature near 91 K, which is the accepted value for T for the barium yttrium cuprate material under investigation.
• the low resistance observed in the superconducting state continued far beyond 91 K. In this particular experiment, the return to the high resistance, normal state was not detected until a temperature of 152 K had been exceeded.
• EXAMPLE 2 A sample of barium yttrium cuprate was thermally cycled in the following manner. First, the temperature was decreased from room temperature to 85 K in a helium atmosphere. The time for this was approximately 15 minutes. During this time, the atmosphere was helium gas. After reaching this point, the temperature was increased from 85 K to certainly above Tc, ⁇ 110, over a period of 15-20 minutes,
• Atmosphere during this part of the thermal cycle was again helium gas.
• the gas atmosphere was changed to that of pure oxygen gas, whereupon the temperature was decreased to 85 K over a period of 15 minutes.
• the atmosphere of the specimen was pure oxygen, which boils at approximately 91 K under these conditions.
• the specimen was in fact immersed in liquid oxygen.
• the temperature had reached 85 K, it was slowly raised for a period of ⁇ 1 hour to a value of 110 K, or to such a temperature that the normal state was achieved with certainty.
• the atmosphere of the specimen was pure oxygen.
• the thermal cycle from 110 K to 85 K in pure oxygen was repeated twice more for a total of 3 full cycles.
• the temperature of the specimen was decreased to 85 K in an oxygen atmosphere.
• the ozone was generated by energizing a Tesla coil for a period of approximately 2 minutes. Oxygen flowing over the Tesla coil was partially converted to ozone which then found its way to the cell (during which time, oxygen gas was flowing freely from the ozone generator to the specimen cell). The temperature was then slowly increased from 85 K to above 217 K.
• the resistance of the specimen was measured continuously by a dc four-point probe technique. On the basis of the voltage measurement, the transition temperature from normal to superconducting states was observed in the specimen as manifested by a dramatic change in the electrical resistance.
• the material was a ribbon of a microcomposite of Ba 2 YbCu 3 0_ and silver.
• the sample was prepared by a commercial producer of superconducting materials, American Superconductor Corporation of Cambridge, Massachusetts by the process disclosed and claimed in U.S. patent application Serial No. 031,407, filed March 27, 1987.-
• This sample was thermally cycled in the following manner. First, the temperature was decreased from room temperature to 85 K. The time for this was approximately 15 minutes. During this time, the atmosphere was helium gas. After reaching this point, the temperature was increased from 85 K to certainly above Tc, -110, over a period of 15-20 minutes, Atmosphere during this part of the thermal cycle was again helium gas.
• ozone was generated by energizing a Tesla coil for a period of approximately 2 minutes. Oxygen flowing over the Tesla coil was partially converted to ozone which then found its way to the cell (during which time, oxygen gas was flowing freely from the ozone generator 0 to the specimen cell). The temperature was then slowly increased from 85 K to room temperature. During the thermal cycles, the resistance of the specimen was measured continuously by a dc four-point probe technique. On the basis of the voltage measurement, the 5 transition temperature from normal to superconducting states was observed in the specimen as manifested by a dramatic change in the electrical resistance.
• EXAMPLE 4 The sample in this example was identical in composition to the samples in Examples 1 and 2. However, the size of this specimen was different. The specimens in Examples 1 and 2 were approximately 50 ⁇ m thick. This specimen was almost 2 mm thick. As well, this specimen appeared to be rather dense, while the above cited specimens were somewhat porous. The specimen was subjected to the following thermal cycle. First, the temperature was decreased from room temperature to 85 K. The time for this was approximately 15 minutes. During this time, the atmosphere was helium gas. After reaching this point, the temperature was increased from 85 K to a value above T , -110, over a period of about 10-15 minutes.
• Atmosphere during this part of the thermal cycle was again helium gas.
• the gas atmosphere was changed to that of pure oxygen gas, whereupon the temperature was decreased to -80 K over a period of 15 minutes.
• the atmosphere of the specimen was pure oxygen, which boils at approximately 91 K under these conditions. .
• the specimen was in fact immersed in liquid oxygen.
• it was increased back to -110 K over a period of -1 hour.
• tne atmosphere of the specimen was pure oxygen.
• the transition to the high resistance state which by this technique of detection is in-fact the normal state, occurred at a temperature of 94 K.
• the thermal cycle from 110 K to -80 K in pure oxygen was repeated twice more for a total of 3 full cycles.
• the transition from the superconducting to the normal states occurred at 98 K and 105 K.
• the temperature of the specimen from its normal state was decreased to -80 K in an oxygen atmosphere.
• ozone was generated by energizing a Tesla coil for a period of 8 minutes and 29 seconds. Oxygen flowing over the Tesla coil was partially converted to ozone which then found its way to the cell as oxygen gas was flowing freely from the ozone generator to the specimen cell during the entire time the.
• Tesla coil was energized. The temperature was then slowly increased from -80 K. The transition this time to the normal state occurred at a value almost identical to that measured on the first heating in helium, i.e., -92 K. For some reason the ozone did not increase the transition temperature. However, the repeated cycling in pure oxygen did increase the transition temperature by not an* insignificant amount. The specimen was examined at the completion of the experiment and the current leads had become very resistive in one case to the point of an effective "open circuit" condition. Thus the final results of this experiment are difficult to interpret. It does seem that thermal cycling in pure oxygen may be alone important in raising the transition temperature.

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• 1989
  • 1989-12-04 JP JP2501564A patent/JPH04502001A/ja active Pending
  • 1989-12-04 EP EP19900901317 patent/EP0449947A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-12-04 AU AU48198/90A patent/AU4819890A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1989-12-04 WO PCT/US1989/005472 patent/WO1990006286A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-12-05 CA CA002004587A patent/CA2004587A1/en not_active Abandoned

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