EP0451763B1 - Dérivés amphiphatiques de peptides, leurs intermédiaires, liposomes et films comprenant ces dérivés - Google Patents

Dérivés amphiphatiques de peptides, leurs intermédiaires, liposomes et films comprenant ces dérivés Download PDF

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EP0451763B1
EP0451763B1 EP91105549A EP91105549A EP0451763B1 EP 0451763 B1 EP0451763 B1 EP 0451763B1 EP 91105549 A EP91105549 A EP 91105549A EP 91105549 A EP91105549 A EP 91105549A EP 0451763 B1 EP0451763 B1 EP 0451763B1
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compound
hydrogen
mmol
groups
chain
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EP0451763A3 (en
EP0451763A2 (fr
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Hiroshi Kitaguchi
Ryoichi Nemori
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Synthetic bilayered vehicles, e.g. liposomes or liposomes with cholesterol as the only non-phosphatidyl surfactant
    • A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes or liposomes coated or grafted with polymers
    • A61K9/1272—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes or liposomes coated or grafted with polymers comprising non-phosphatidyl surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids or non-phosphatidyl liposomes coated or grafted with polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C217/28—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having one amino group and at least two singly-bound oxygen atoms, with at least one being part of an etherified hydroxy group, bound to the carbon skeleton, e.g. ethers of polyhydroxy amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C237/08—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/06017—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/06026—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atom, i.e. Gly or Ala
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/06017—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/0606—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing heteroatoms not provided for by C07K5/06086 - C07K5/06139, e.g. Ser, Met, Cys, Thr
    • C07K5/06069—Ser-amino acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06104—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being acidic
    • C07K5/06113—Asp- or Asn-amino acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08—Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0802—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/0804—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/0806—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atoms, i.e. Gly, Ala
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/08—Tripeptides
    • C07K5/0819—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being acidic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1002—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/1005—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/1008—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atoms, i.e. Gly, Ala
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a peptide-derived amphiphatic compound, an intermediate thereof, a liposome and a film consisting of a monolayer or multilayers each comprising said peptide-derived amphiphatic compound.
  • a liposome is a closed vesicle comprising a lipid bimolecular film. It is considered that a natural biomembrane has a lipid bimolecular structure and thus liposomes have been widely used as a biomembrane model in studies on physicochemical properties of biomembranes. Furthermore, a number of substances can be enclosed in the internal aqueous layer or within the membrane of a liposome and then fused with a cell or incorporated into a cell. Thus liposomes have been used as a carrier for transporting substances to and into cells.
  • liposomes have been widely made to apply liposomes to various purposes in the fields of, for example, biology, medicine and pharmacology, so as to employ liposomes as a carrier for transporting enzymes or cancerocidal substances, to use liposomes for immunological purposes, to utilize the interaction of liposomes with cells or to apply liposomes as a drug delivery system.
  • liposomes are widely applicable to various purposes as described above, it has been recognized that liposomes have a brittle membrane structure, such that a chemical or physical change, in the lipids, constituting the membrane, causes some irreglularities in the orientation of the membrane. This brings about the leakage of the content of the liposomes, or the association or aggregation of liposomes with each other. As a result, a precipitate is formed.
  • amphiphatic compound having an oligopeptide in the hydrophilic moiety and two long-chain alkyl groups in the hydrophobic moiety include those reported by Ihara et al. [Polym. Commun., 27 , 282 (1986); Polymer J., 18 , 463 (1986); Chem. Lett., (1984), 1713; and J. Jap. Chem., (1987), 543] and reported by Shimizu et al. (Chem.
  • JP-A as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application”
  • molecular assemblies comprising a monolayer having a molecular orientation or multilayers, which are ultra-thin and dense, are widely applicable to materials for electronics devices and materials for protecting surfaces as well as to functional films for sensors based on the selective permeability of a gas molecule or an ion and permeation-controlling films for delivering materials.
  • LB Langmuir-Blodgett
  • molecular assemblies including LB films exert various functions based on the orientation of molecules and the ultra-thin properties, they have a highly delicate film structure from a physical standpoint and thus are liable to degradation or decomposition. It is observed in the cases of some of such compounds, furthermore, that the film structures suffer from many defects or irregularities and thus a high density cannot be achieved. Therefore it is required for all uses to physically strengthen the film structures of these molecular assemblies to thereby provide uniform and highly dense films.
  • An effective means for physically strengthening the film structure of a molecular assembly is crosslinkage or polymerization of molecules.
  • JP-A-57-159506 shows an example of the application of a monolayer and multilayer polymeric film of an unsaturated compound (surfactant) produced via radiation polymerization as an ultrafiltration membrane.
  • Known techniques for polymerizing these compounds having unsaturated bonds via radiation suffer from the following problems. Namely, one problem resides in the fact that a specific molecular design strategy (for example, inserting a spacer group) is required in order to avoid some irregularities in the molecular orientation or irregular aggregation and precipitation of molecules caused by the polymerization. A second problem resides in the fact that the irradiation with UV or ⁇ -ray would frequently induce the decomposition or denaturation of various additives which are present together with the polymerizable amphiphatic compounds. A third problem resides in the fact that the film thus obtained via such a polymerization usually has extremely poor biocompatibility, which restricts the types and number of applications of such a product in living tissues to, for example, a permeation-controlling membrane for drugs.
  • J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109 , 4419 (1987) proposes a method for forming a disulfide bond via the oxidative polymerization of dithiol without using radiation.
  • it is effective to radical-polymerize the abovementioned compounds having unsaturated bonds in the presence of an initiator.
  • an initiator used at the polymerization needs to be removed from the film system after completion of the polymerisation.
  • the effects of the uses of an initiator involving redox agents on coexisting substances should be taken into consideration which initiator may have optimental effects on other components of such films.
  • a peptide-derived amphiphatic compound or N-terminal salt thereof represented by formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms optionally having a substituent selected from alkylcarbonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, halogen atoms and aryl groups, or an unsaturated group containing double or triple bonds, wherein two or more unsaturated bonds may be present in each of R1 and R2;
  • X represents -O- or -NH-;
  • R3 each independently represents hydrogen or an ⁇ -amino acid side chain;
  • n is an integer of from 0 to 5; said compound being a racemic compound or an optically active compound when said compound has an asymmetric carbon atom; and said compound optionally forming said N-terminal salt with an acid component selected from trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide.
  • a liposome comprising a peptide-derived amphiphatic compound or N-terminal salt thereof represented by formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or acyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms optionally having a substituent selected from alkylcarbonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, halogen atoms and aryl groups; or an unsaturated group containing double or triple bonds, wherein two or more unsaturated bonds may be present in each of R1 and R2; X represents -O- or -NH-; R3 each independently represents hydrogen or an ⁇ -amino acid side chain; n is an integer of from 0 to 5; said compound may be a racemic compound or an optically active compound when said compound has an asymmetric carbon atom; and said N-terminal salt of said compound optionally forms with an acid component selected from trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide
  • the present invention further provides a film consisting of a monolayer or multilayers comprising a peptide-derived amphiphatic compound or N-terminal salt thereof represented by formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 each represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl or acyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms optionally having a substituent selected from alkylcarbonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, halogen atoms, and aryl groups; or an unsaturated group containing double or triple bonds, wherein two or more unsaturated bonds may be present in each of R1 and R2; X represents -O- or -NH-; R3 each independently represents hydrogen or an ⁇ -amino acid side chain; n is an integer of from 0 to 5; said compound may be a racemic compound or an optically active compound when said compound has an asymmetric carbon atom; and said N-terminal salt of said compound optionally forms with an acid component selected from trifluoro - acetic acid, hydrogen chlor
  • R1 and R2 each represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms optionally having a substituent or an unsaturated group; said compound may be a racemic compound or an optically active compound when said compound has an asymmetric carbon atom; Y represents a hydrogen atom or a protecting group; and said N-terminal salt of said compound optionally forms with an acid component, provided that Y is a hydrogen atom.
  • R1 and R2 preferably have 12, 14, 16 or 20 carbon atoms.
  • R1 and R2 which can be the same or different, include dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl groups.
  • R3 represents a side chain of one of the of 20 ⁇ -amino acids occurring in nature (refer to, for example, Creighton, "PROTEINS", Freeman Co. (1984)) and analogues and derivatives thereof.
  • amino acid side chains according to the present invention include a hydrogen atom, and side chain residues of amino acids which are more hydrophilic than glycine, for example, -CH2OH, -CH2CO2H, -CH2CH2CO2H, -CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2, n is preferably 0, 1, 2 and 3.
  • An asymmetric carbon atom can be present in the compound of formula (I) and the compound can be either a racemic compound or an optically active one. It is frequently advantageous, from the viewpoint of stability or handling, that the amino group at the terminal of the molecule forms a salt together with an appropriate acid component.
  • the acid component include trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph showing the 1H NMR spectrum of the intermediate 5C [a compound comprised by the general formula (II)] of the compound (5) described in Synthetic Example 15.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are graphs each showing the extent of leakage of a content included in a liposome.
  • Figs. 4 to 8 are graphs each showing the relationship between the surface pressure vs. molecular occupation area of a monolayer.
  • the peptide-derived amphiphatic compound of the present invention may be prepared using known methods, e.g., by synthesizing an oligopeptide moiety whose N-terminal and side chain are blocked, and then condensing the obtained product with glycerol substituted at the 1- and 2-positions [general formula (III)] or an amino derivative thereof [a compound of general formula (II) wherein Y is a hydrogen atom].
  • compounds represented by the general formula (II) or (III) may be successively condensed with amino acids whose N-termini and side chains are blocked [the former method is called a fragment condensation method, while the latter one is called a stepwise elongation method, refer to Izumiya et al.
  • Typical examples of such known methods include (1) converting the hydroxyl group into a p-toluenesulfonate followed by substituting with phthalimide potassium or treating with hydrazine (Gabriel's method); and (2) substituting the p-toluenesulfonate with an azide followed by hydrogenating.
  • Compounds represented by the general formula (II), wherein Y is a hydrogen atom, can be purified and preserved in the form of salts together with an appropriate acid component, since such compounds are generally in a waxy state and thus are difficult to purify and, furthermore, easily undergo transacylation when R1 and R2 are acyl groups.
  • acid components include trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide.
  • the protecting groups include a t-butyloxycarbonyl (tBoc) group and a benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ) group.
  • a liquid crystal phase transition point as used herinafter means the temperature at which a crystal phase melts to become a liquid phase, which was measured by using a commercially available differential scanning calorimeter.
  • GlyGly was converted into amino group protected tBoc-GlyGly in accordance with known methods, e.g., as described in "Peptide Gosei no Kiso to Jikken", ed. by Izumiya et al., (Maruzen).
  • tBoc-GlyGly synthesized in the above Synthetic Example 1 was condensed with commercially available Gly-oBzl p-toluenesulfonate by DCC. Further, the obtained condensate was hydrogenated with 10 % palladium carbon to thereby give tBoc-GlyGlyGly.
  • GlyGly was converted into Z-GlyGly in accordance with a known method, described, e.g., in "Peptide Gosei no Kiso to Jikken", ed. by Izumiya et al., (Maruzen).
  • the organic phase was successively washed with a 10 % aqueous solution of citric acid, water and saline and dried over sodium sulfate. After distilling off the ethyl acetate under reduced pressure, crude was obtained as an oily product.
  • the compound (5) was synthesized through the following pathway.
  • Liposomes comprising the compound (I) of the present invention may be prepared by known methods.
  • the liposome of the present invention may be prepared by any known methods without restriction, for example, a vortexing method [A.D. Bangham, J. Mol. Biol., 13 , 238 (1965)], a sonication method [C. Huang. Biochem., 8 , 344 (1969)], a prevesicle method [H. Trauble, Neurosci. Res. Prog. Bull., 9 , 273 (1971)], an ethanol-injection method [S. Batzri, Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 298 , 1015 (1973)], a French press extraction method [Y. Barenhollz, FEBS.
  • a vortexing method [A.D. Bangham, J. Mol. Biol., 13 , 238 (1965)]
  • a sonication method C. Huang. Biochem., 8 , 344 (1969)
  • a prevesicle method [H. Trauble, Neurosci. Res. Prog.
  • the substance to be encapsulated in the liposome of present invention may be either a hydrophilic drug or a lipophilic one. Furthermore, both of these drugs may be encapsulated simultaneously.
  • hydrophilic drugs include anticancer agents such as adriamycin, actinomycin, mitomycin, 1- ⁇ -arabinofurasylcytosine, bleomycin and cisplatin, antiviral agents such as interferon, aminoglycosides such as gentamycin, antibiotics such as ⁇ -lactam compounds (for example, sulbenicillin, cefoiam, and cefmenoxine), peptide hormones such as TRH and insulin, enzymes such as lysozyme, asparaginase and glycoxidase, immunopotentiators such as muramyl dipeptide and muramyl tripeptide and proteins such as immunoglobulin and various toxins.
  • lipophilic drug examples include anticancer agents such as ansamytocin, immunopotentiators such as TMD-66 [Gann 74 (2), 192 - 195 (1983)] and MTP-PE (JP-A-59-163389) and phospholipid derivatives (JP-A-59-163389).
  • anticancer agents such as ansamytocin
  • immunopotentiators such as TMD-66 [Gann 74 (2), 192 - 195 (1983)] and MTP-PE (JP-A-59-163389) and phospholipid derivatives (JP-A-59-163389).
  • substances other than drugs for example, marker, plasmid, DNA, RNA may be used, as long as they are useful when administered to living organisms.
  • an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving an appropriate water-soluble substance in water may be used.
  • a solution prepared by simply dissolving a drug in water may be used.
  • the water-soluble substances include known buffers (for example, phosphate buffer, citrate buffer), various salts (for example, sodium chloride, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate), saccharides (for example, glucose) and amino acids (for example, l-arginine). Either one of these substances or a mixture thereof may be used.
  • the solution to be encapsulated may further contain a preservative (for example, paraben), if required.
  • a preservative for example, paraben
  • the unencapsulated drug may easily be separated from liposomes, for example, by known methods such as dialysis, filtration such as ultrafiltration or centrifugation. In this case, it is preferable to approximate the osmotic pressure of the internal aqueous phase to that of the external one as close as possible.
  • Either one of the compounds of the present invention or a mixture thereof may be used. Further, other liposome film-forming lipids may be used together. Various phospholipids, sphingolipids or synthetic lipids may be used therefor.
  • Typical examples of these methods include those comprising mixing sterol or cholesterol or coating with a polysaccharide polymer (JP-A-61-69801).
  • Compounds of the present invention can form stable liposomes, though the radius of hydration of the hydrophilic moiety thereof is not as large as those of conventional bilayer film-forming lipids. This could be achieved by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the peptide region.
  • the oligopeptide region of the compound forms a completely stretched conformation and thus forms a hydrogen bond together with the adjacent peptide bond so as to cause a two-dimensional orientation.
  • This interaction contributes to the formation of a highly dense film having a small molecular volume, compared with a phospholipid having the same hydrophobic chain.
  • Films of the present invention which have a domain formed by the oriented oligopeptide, can efficiently incorporate proteins such as enzymes, antigens, antibodies and receptors.
  • oxidation-reduction enzymes such as glucose oxidase, amino acid oxidase, catalase, ascorbate oxidase, xanthine oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, glycerol oxidase, glcyerol-3-phosphate oxidase, choline oxidase, acetyl CoA oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, galactose oxidase, sarcosine oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, lactate oxidase, tyrosinase, and peroxidase; dehydrogenases such as alcohol dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, 3-a-hydroxysteroid
  • biofunctional substances such as hemeproteins (for example, hemoglobin, cytochrome C) and metal complexes including porphyrin derivatives such as chlorophyrin can also be used with films of the present invention.
  • biofunctional substances such as hemeproteins (for example, hemoglobin, cytochrome C) and metal complexes including porphyrin derivatives such as chlorophyrin can also be used with films of the present invention.
  • water-soluble proteins such as albumin can be used.
  • solvents for developing monolayer films to be used in the present invention include common volatile nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, toluene and ether as well as mixtures thereof, together with polar hydrophilic solvents such as alcohols and water.
  • subphases for preparing monolayers according to the present invention include buffer solutions of various pH values and solutions of various metal salts such as calcium, barium, cadmium, potassium and sodium salts.
  • the temperature of the subphase may be appropriately controlled according to known procedures, if required.
  • the subphase may be fluidized by, for example, stirring or vibrated to thereby facilitate the reaction between the molecule for forming the monolayer and the compounds contained in the subphase.
  • the atmosphere on the subphase may be replaced with an inert gas such as N2 or Ar to thereby prevent the monolayer from oxidation or deterioration.
  • the monolayer thus formed on the water surface may be built up onto the surface of a base or a substrate by various known laminating methods including the aforesaid L-B technique.
  • the L-B technique which is a vertical build-up method, is described in, for example, J. A. Chem. Soc., 57 , 1007 (1935); G. L. Gains Jr., "Insoluble Monolayers at Liquid-Gas Interfaces", Interscience, New York (1966); and K. Fukuda, "Zairyo Gijutsu", 4 , 261 (1986).
  • various build-up methods including a vertical build-up method and a rotational build-up method (refer to, for example, JP-A-60-189929, JP-A-61-42394) may be employed.
  • Multilayers may be obtained by repeatedly building up a monolayer on a substrate.
  • a continuous lamination method described in, for example, JP-A-60-209245 may be used therefor.
  • it is preferable that at least some portion of the host compound of the present invention is contained in the most external molecular layer.
  • Molecular layers located close to the substrate, compared with the aforesaid layer may consist of other organic amphiphatic compounds (surfactant-type molecules).
  • the substrate (base) to be used in the formation of a monolayer or multilayers by the L-B technique in the present invention may be selected from among electrical conductors such as various metals, inorganic insulating materials such as vitreous inorganic materials (for example, glass, quartz), various organic and inorganic crystals, inorganic semiconductors (for example, SnO2, In2O3, ZnO, TiO2, WO3, GaAs, Si), organic semiconductors, organic conductors, organic polymers and composite materials consisting of the above-mentioned ones.
  • This material may be an electrode connected to an external electrical circuit or other sensors (for example, field effect mode transducer).
  • the surface of the material may be physically or chemically treated by various methods so as to make it hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
  • An example of a hydrophobic treatment comprises reacting the surface of the substrate with an alkylsilane derivative which is employed as a coupling agent.
  • the surface of the substrate or base may be chemically bound to molecules constituting the multilayers in contact therewith.
  • bonds may be formed through a thermal chemical reaction between a reactive group (for example, hydroxyl group) on the surface of the substrate and the terminal reactive group (for example, active silane) of the molecule constituting the multilayers.
  • the compound of the general formula (I) to be used in the present invention may be mixed with a film-forming compound, which is a reactive compound useful in binding a functional guest compound, for example, those described in JP-A-63-171642, JP-A-1-4246 and JP-A-1-56783.
  • an arbitrary functional compound for example, enzyme, protein
  • a highly efficient chemical reaction for example, catalytic reaction, photochemical response, oxidation/reduction
  • a physical change for example, optical change, electrical change
  • a single dispersion mode particle size distribution (average: 149 nm) was obtained. Then the dispersion was stained with phosphotungstic acid and observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thus it was confirmed that the vesicle consisted of a single layer.
  • a vortex dispersion obtained by the same method as the one described in Example 1 was subjected to ultrasonic irradiation of the probe type (30 W, 5 min). Then it was confirmed, in the same manner as the one described in Example 1, that a monolayer vesicle of an average particle size of approximately 80 nm was formed.
  • the lipid fraction (average particle size: 140 nm) thus obtained was incubated at 37 °C and the leaking safranine-O was determined by fluorometry.
  • the above procedure was repeated except that the compound 6 was replaced with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to thereby give liposomes (average particle size: 60 nm) containing safranine-O. These liposomes were also incubated at 37 °C and the leaking safranine-O was determined.
  • DPPC dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
  • Fig. 2 shows the results.
  • the liposomes comprising the compound (6) of the present invention as a film component are superior to the ones comprising DPPC, which is a natural phospholipid, in barrier function on safranine-O.
  • Liposomes containing safranine-O were prepared in the same manner as the one described in Example 4, except that the compound (6) was replaced with the compounds (8) and (22). Then the leakage of the safranine-O at 37 °C was examined.
  • Table 2 shows the leakage ratios of the safranine-O after 1 h.
  • Table 2 Lipid Leakage ratio (%) 6 30 8 41 22 46 DPPC 44
  • the compounds of the present invention are comparable or superior to DPPC, which is a natural phospholipid, in barrier function.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that the compound (6) was replaced with the compound (16) to thereby give liposomes containing safranine-O. These liposomes were incubated at 4 °C. Liposomes containing safranine-O prepared by using DPPC showed the formation of a precipitation when stored at 4 °C for 20 days. On the other hand, those prepared by using the compound (16) maintained a stable dispersion state after 4 months. After 80 days, these liposomes showed a leakage ratio of the safranine-O of as low as 6 %.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that 20, 33 and 50 % by mol of cholesterol were added to the compound (6). Thus liposomes containing safranine-O were prepared. These liposomes were incubated at 37 °C and the leaking safranine-O was determined by fluorometry. Fig. 3 shows the results.
  • Fig. 3 shows, the barrier function of the liposome comprising the compound of the present invention can be remarkably elevated by adding cholesterol. Further, it was confirmed by using a Privalov type DSC that the gel/liquid crystal transition point of the compound (6) disappeared when 50 % of cholesterol were added.
  • the filtrate was gel-filtered through Sephadex G-50 (tris buffer solution, 6 mM, pH 7.0) to thereby separate the unencapsulated glucose.
  • the average particle size of the lipid associate fraction thus obtained was 90 nm. Further, the fraction was negative-stained with phosphotungstic acid and then observed under an electron microscope. Thus it was confirmed that monolayer vesicles were formed.
  • the FTIR spectrum of the compound (22) was determined under the following conditions.
  • Table 3 shows the absorption of the carbonyl stretch vibration of the amide.
  • Condition VC 0 (cm ⁇ 1) (1) 1643 (2) 1673 (3) 1657
  • Table 3 suggests the presence of a hydrogen bond between amido bonds which seemingly contributes to the formation of stable vesicles by the compound of the present invention.
  • the compound (6) was dissolved in a solvent mixture of chloroform and methanol (4 : 1 v/v) to thereby give a 10 ⁇ 3 M solution. Then the obtained solution was developed on a 10 ⁇ 3 M tris buffer solution (pH 7.0) to thereby form a single dispersion film. The monolayer formed on the surface of water was slowly compressed with a belt-drive system barrier at 25 °C and thus the surface pressure/molecular occupation area ( ⁇ -A) properties were determined. As a result, the curve shown in Fig. 4 was obtained.
  • ⁇ -A properties of di-o-hexadecyl-syn-phosphatidylcholine were determined under the same conditions.
  • Fig. 5 shows the result.
  • Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show respectively the ⁇ -A curves of the compounds (22), (16) and (31) each formed in the same manner as the one of Example 10. These Figs. indicate that each of these compounds has similar characteristics as those of the compound (6) of Example 10.
  • a 1 mM solution of the compound (22) was developed on pure water and compressed to 300 »N (30 dyn)/cm. After controlling the surface pressure constantly, the film was transported onto a silicone substrate 20 times by the vertical immersion method. After sufficiently drying spontaneously, FT-IR was measured from the vertical direction to the surface of the substrate. As a result, the carbonyl absorption of the amido was 1663 cm ⁇ 1.

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Claims (4)

  1. Composé amphipathique provenant d'un peptide ou son sel N-terminal représenté par la formule (I) :
    Figure imgb0026
     dans laquelle R¹ et R² représentent chacun un groupement alkyle à chaîne linéaire ou ramifiée ayant de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, ayant éventuellement un substituant choisi parmi les groupements alkylcarbonyle, les groupements alcoxycarbonyle, les atomes d'halogène et les groupements aryle, ou un groupement insaturé contenant des doubles liaisons ou des triples liaisons, deux liaisons insaturées ou davantage pouvant être présentes dans chaque radical R¹ et R² ; X représente -O- ou -NH- ; les radicaux R³ représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou une chaîne latérale d'α-aminoacide ; n est un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 5; ledit composé étant un composé racémique ou un composé optiquement actif lorsque ledit composé possède un atome de carbone asymétrique ; et ledit composé formant éventuellement ledit sel N-terminal avec un composant acide choisi parmi l'acide trifluoroacétique, le chlorure d'hydrogène et le bromure d'hydrogène.
  2. Composé ou son sel N-terminal représenté par la formule (II) :
    Figure imgb0027
     dans laquelle R¹ et R² représentent chacun un groupement alkyle à chaîne linéaire ou ramifiée ayant de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, ayant éventuellement un substituant ou un groupement insaturé ; ledit composé peut être un composé racémique ou un composé optiquement actif lorsque ledit composé possède un atome de carbone asymétrique; Y représente un atome d'hydrogène ou un groupement protecteur ; et ledit sel N-terminal dudit composé se forme éventuellement avec un composant acide, à condition que Y représente un atome d'hydrogène.
  3. Liposome comprenant un composé amphipathique provenant d'un peptide ou son sel N-terminal représenté par la formule (I) :
    Figure imgb0028
     dans laquelle R¹ et R² représentent chacun un groupement alkyle ou acyle à chaîne linéaire ou ramifiée ayant de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, ayant éventuellement un substituant choisi parmi les groupements alkylcarbonyle, les groupements alcoxycarbonyle, les atomes d'halogène et les groupements aryle, ou un groupement insaturé contenant des doubles liaisons ou des triples liaisons, deux liaisons insaturées ou davantage pouvant être présentes dans chaque radical R¹ et R² ; X représente -O- ou -NH-; les radicaux R³ représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou une chaîne latérale d'α-aminoacide ; n est un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 5 ; ledit composé peut être un composé racémique ou un composé optiquement actif lorsque ledit composé possède un atome de carbone asymétrique ; et ledit sel N-terminal dudit composé se forme éventuellement avec un composant acide choisi parmi l'acide trifluoroacétique, le chlorure d'hydrogène et le bromure d'hydrogène.
  4. Film constitué d'une seule couche ou de plusieurs couches comprenant un composé amphipathique provenant d'un peptide ou son sel N-terminal représenté par la formule (I)
    Figure imgb0029
     dans laquelle R¹ et R² représentent chacun un groupement alkyle ou acyle à chaîne linéaire ou ramifiée ayant de 8 à 24 atomes de carbone, ayant éventuellement un substituant choisi parmi les groupements alkylcarbonyle, les groupements alcoxycarbonyle, les atomes d'halogène et les groupements aryle, ou un groupement insaturé contenant des doubles liaisons ou des triples liaisons, deux liaisons insaturées ou davantage pouvant être présentes dans chaque radical R¹ et R² ; X représente -O- ou -NH- ; les radicaux R³ représentent chacun indépendamment un atome d'hydrogène ou une chaîne latérale d'α-aminoacide ; n est un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 5 ; ledit composé peut être un composé racémique ou un composé optiquement actif lorsque ledit composé possède un atome de carbone asymétrique ; et ledit sel N-terminal dudit composé se forme éventuellement avec un composant acide choisi parmi l'acide trifluoroacétique, le chlorure d'hydrogène et le bromure d'hydrogène.
EP91105549A 1990-04-09 1991-04-08 Dérivés amphiphatiques de peptides, leurs intermédiaires, liposomes et films comprenant ces dérivés Expired - Lifetime EP0451763B1 (fr)

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JP9348290 1990-04-09
JP2203218A JP2604268B2 (ja) 1990-04-09 1990-07-31 ペプチド誘導体両親媒性化合物、その中間体、ペプチド誘導体両親媒性化合物を用いたリポソームおよび薄膜
JP203218/90 1990-07-31

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US5264618A (en) * 1990-04-19 1993-11-23 Vical, Inc. Cationic lipids for intracellular delivery of biologically active molecules
FR2677897B1 (fr) * 1991-06-24 1993-10-01 Oreal Procede de preparation de particules submicroniques en presence de vesicules lipidiques et compositions correspondantes.
KR100283601B1 (ko) * 1993-02-19 2001-03-02 아만 히데아키 글리세롤 유도체, 디바이스 및 의약 조성물
WO1997038010A2 (fr) * 1996-04-11 1997-10-16 The University Of British Columbia Liposomes entrainant une fusion
US20030229037A1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2003-12-11 Ulrich Massing Novel cationic amphiphiles
GB0106041D0 (en) * 2001-03-12 2001-05-02 Cancer Res Ventures Ltd Lipids and liposomes
DE10207177A1 (de) * 2002-02-19 2003-09-04 Novosom Ag Fakultativ kationische Lipide
DE10207178A1 (de) * 2002-02-19 2003-09-04 Novosom Ag Komponenten für die Herstellung amphoterer Liposomen
FR2846326A1 (fr) * 2002-10-29 2004-04-30 Isochem Sa Procede de purification des n-carboxyanhydrides
US20060210549A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-09-21 Srivastava Devendra K Controlled release liposomes and methods of use
RU2405772C1 (ru) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-10 Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения РАН (СО РАН) rac-N-[2,3-ДИ(ТЕТРАДЕЦИЛОКСИ)ПРОП-1-ИЛ]ПИРИДИНИЙ БРОМИД В КАЧЕСТВЕ АГЕНТА ДЛЯ ДОСТАВКИ НУКЛЕИНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ В КЛЕТКИ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ
EP3493814A4 (fr) * 2016-08-03 2020-07-22 Neuropore Therapies, Inc. Composés amino 1,2-et 1,3-diol substitués par des lipides en tant que modulateurs de la dimérisation de tlr2

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DE69115327D1 (de) 1996-01-25
JPH0418061A (ja) 1992-01-22
EP0451763A2 (fr) 1991-10-16

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