EP0454542B1 - Kontrollvorrichtung, die zur Messung der Wirksamkeit eines elektrischen Zaunes dient - Google Patents

Kontrollvorrichtung, die zur Messung der Wirksamkeit eines elektrischen Zaunes dient Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0454542B1
EP0454542B1 EP91401012A EP91401012A EP0454542B1 EP 0454542 B1 EP0454542 B1 EP 0454542B1 EP 91401012 A EP91401012 A EP 91401012A EP 91401012 A EP91401012 A EP 91401012A EP 0454542 B1 EP0454542 B1 EP 0454542B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistors
voltage
values
current
capacitor
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91401012A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0454542A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Jacques Hamm
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HAMM, VALERY
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Hamm Valery
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
    • H05C3/00—Other circuits or apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electric fences used to close fields where animals graze so that they can be left unattended.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for controlling the proper functioning of these fences.
  • controllers make it possible to detect or measure the peak voltage existing between the terminals of an energizer, between two conducting wires, or between a conducting wire and the ground. Other types of controllers make it possible to measure a more or less integrated value over time of the pulse voltage.
  • the magnitude representative of the pain felt by an animal or a man touching the conductors is mainly a function of the electrical energy which is dissipated in the body during the pulse.
  • the measurement of the peak voltage of the pulse is therefore not very representative of the efficiency of the energizer, or of the electric fence line at the place where the measurement is made.
  • the invention aims to propose a device whose "quadrature of V (t)" and “integration over time” parts are composed of passive elements (resistors, diodes, zener diodes, capacitors, etc.). ) stable over time and temperature, not very energy-hungry, and whose response time is extremely short.
  • the invention relates to a control device used to measure the efficiency of an electric fence, the device measuring the energy of each pulse appearing at the output of the energizer or between two conductors of the fence and comprising two input terminals, means for generating a current from the voltage of the pulse applied between the input terminals, current which is proportional to a function approximating the square of the input voltage, and means for integrating over time the current thus generated.
  • An electrical charge R c simulating the impedance of an animal touching the wires can be connected between the two input terminals of the controller, the ohmic value of R c being much smaller than the ohmic values of the resistors R n of the circuit d analysis and measurement.
  • the integral of the current I (t) proportional to the square of the voltage can be obtained by charging a capacitor C i through a resistor R i such that the constant of time R i C i is much greater than the duration of the input pulse.
  • the capacitor C i is discharged by an automatic reset device, a certain time after the pulse, after the peak voltage reached has been detected but before the next pulse appears.
  • the capacitor C i can also be discharged by an automatic reset device only after a determined number of pulses.
  • the discharge of the capacitor C i can be obtained by a manually operated switch.
  • the pulse energy is read by connecting the capacitor to a display device, digital or needle, which indicates the peak value of the voltage of the capacitor C i reached at the end of the integration process or processes.
  • a load R c is connected between the two input terminals of the controller.
  • This load can be chosen close to 1000 ohms, a value which fairly well represents the impedance of the body and the contacts for an animal touching the wire.
  • R2 and R3 form a divider bridge, R2 having sufficient values not to modify the charge R c appreciably. In the case where R3 has a value much smaller than R c , we can delete R2 and link R3 in series with R c .
  • R2 and R3 form a divider bridge in order to work under voltages, at the terminals of R3, much lower than the input voltage V (t) which can reach 10,000 volts.
  • a diode bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 makes it possible to rectify the oscillations of the input signal.
  • an electrical system composed of the 4 blocks Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4. These 4 blocks allow signal analysis, display, and system reset.
  • Q1 is a device which transforms the signal V (t) into an electric current I (t) proportional to the square of V (t).
  • Q2 integrates the signal I (t) over time, and stores the information in the form of a charging voltage V2 of a capacitor C i which is proportional to: ⁇ I2 (t) dt # M x ⁇ (1 / R vs ) x V2 (t) dt.
  • Q3 is a device which indicates, for example on a digital display, the voltage V2 reached at the terminals of C i after the end of each electrical pulse.
  • Q4 is a device which makes it possible to completely discharge C i after the reading of its peak voltage has been made.
  • Q4 can be designed, using the well-known means of electronics, to discharge the capacitor C i automatically a certain time after each pulse when the reading of V2 has been made.
  • Q4 can also be designed to automatically unload C i only after a predetermined number of pulses so that the signal can be accumulated over several pulses.
  • Q4 can be a manual device of the "push button" type on which the user presses in order to discharge C i , after a sufficient number of pulses to ensure a reliable reading of the display, in the case where the energy residual at the measurement location is small.
  • FIG. 2 A possible embodiment of the electrical block Q1 is visible in Figure 2 in which Z1, Z2 ... Z n are clipping elements such as zener diodes or resistors varying with voltage.
  • the elements Z n are arranged in ascending order of the values V n of their threshold voltages, from left to right.
  • the first value V o of the element Z o is taken, in this example equal to zero, Z o , which is in fact a short circuit, is not shown.
  • the device as shown in FIG. 2 makes it possible, when choosing the values V k of the voltage thresholds of the zener diodes, and the associated resistances R k , to obtain a current I (t) which is an increasing function G (V) represented in FIG. 3, composed of segments of lines each of which is a secant ("chord") of a curve F (V) at the points sought.
  • R n 1 / K V1
  • R1 1 / K V2
  • R2 1 / [K (V3 - V1)] .
  • R n-1 1 / [K (V n - V n-2 )]
  • V V2 ;
  • V V n-1
  • V V n
  • V n A fairly close choice of the values of V n then makes it possible to obtain an excellent approximation of the parabolic function.
  • FIG. 4 represents a variant of the assembly of FIG. 2, in which the clipping elements are connected in series, which makes it possible to limit the number of types of zener diodes to be used and the value of their threshold voltage.
  • FIG. 5 represents a well known integrator circuit, composed of a load resistor R i and a capacitor C i .
  • This circuit makes it possible to obtain the integration of the current I (t) with a very good approximation insofar as the time constant R i C i is much less than the duration of each pulse.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
  • Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Kontrollvorrichtung, die zur Messung der Wirksamkeit eines elektrischen Zaunes dient und die Energie eines jeden am Ausgang des Elektrifizierers oder zwischen zwei Leitern des Zaunes auftretenden Pulses mißt, mit zwei Eingangsklemmen, Mitteln zur Erzeugung eines von der zwischen den Eingangsklemmen anliegenden Pulsspannung ausgehenden Stromes, der proportional zu einer sich dem Quadrat der Eingangsspannung annähernden Funktion ist, und Mitteln zur zeitlichen Integration des Stroms.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Näherung der Funktion "Quadrat der Spannung" durch Aufnahme eines Stromes l(t) ≈ K V²(t) am Ausgang eines Kreises erhalten wird, der Widerstände Rn und mit den Widerständen Rn in Reihe geschaltete Amplitudenbegrenzungselemente Zn, Leiter unter einer Spannung Vn, umfaßt und so beschaffen ist, daß
    - jeder Zweig Rn, Zn parallel geschaltet ist,
    - die Werte der Widerstände Rn und Elemente Zn Stufenwerte sind, entsprechend den Gleichungen:
       Vo = o
       Ro = 1 / K V₁
       R₁ = 1 / K V₂
       R₂ = 1 / [K(V₃-V₁)]
       ..........
       Rn-1 = 1 / [K (Vn - Vn-2)],
    wobei der Strom l(t) dann eine Funktion ist, die durch eine Reihe von Segmenten, oder "Sehnen", dargestellt werden kann, die die Parabel l(t) = K V²(t)
    Figure imgb0010
     an den Abszissenpunkten
       V = Vo
       V = V₁
       V = V₃
       ..........
       V = Vn-2
       V = Vn-1
       V = Vn
    schneiden.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Näherung der Funktion "Quadrat der Spannung" durch Aufnahme eines Stromes l(t) ≈ K V²(t) am Ausgang eines Kreises erhalten wird, der Widerstände Rn und in Reihe mit den Widerständen Rn geschaltete Begrenzungselemente Zn, Leiter unter einer Spannung Vn, umfaßt und so beschaffen ist, daß
    - jeder Zweig Rn, Zn so geschaltet ist, daß die Widerstände Rn einen gemeinsamen Punkt haben, während jedes Element Zn den Punkt hat, der nicht mit dem Widerstand Rn gemeinsam ist, aber mit dem Punkt verbunden ist, der dem Widerstand Rn-1 und Zn-1 gemeinsam ist,
    - die Werte der Widerstände Rn und Elemente Zn Stufenwerte sind, entsprechend den Gleichungen:
       Vo = o
       Ro = 1 / K V₁
       R₁ = 1 / [K ( V₂ + V₁)]
       R₂ = 1 / [K (V₃ + V₂)]
       ..........
       Rn-1 = 1 / [K (Vn + Vn-1)]
    wobei der Strom l(t) dann eine Funktion ist, die durch eine Reihe von Segmenten, oder "Sehnen", wiedergegeben werden kann, die die Parabel l(t) = K V²(t)
    Figure imgb0011
     an den Abszissenpunkten
       V = Vo
       V = V₁ + V₂
       V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃
       .............
       V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ + ... + Vn-2
       V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ + ... + Vn-1
       V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃ + ... + Vn
    schneiden.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Begrenzungselemente Zn Zenerdioden oder mit der Spannung veränderbare Widerstände sind.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werte Vn die Werte einer arithmetischen Folge mit dem ersten Glied 0 und dem Argument V₀ sind, wohingegen die Werte der Widerstände Rn gleich sind, mit Ausnahme von R₀, der einen doppelten Wert von R₁ = R₂ = R₃ = ... = Rn hat.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werte von Vn alle identisch sind, mit Ausnahme von V₀, der einen Wert Null hat, wohingegen die Werte der Widerstände Rn gleich sind, bis auf R₀, der einen doppelten Wert von R₁ = R₂ = R₃ = ... = Rn hat.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine elektrische Last Rc, die die Impedanz eines die Drähte berührenden Tieres simuliert, zwischen die beiden Eingangsklemmen des Kontrollgerätes geschaltet ist, wobei der ohmsche Wert von Rc sehr viel kleiner ist, als die ohmschen Werte der Widerstände Rn des Prüf- und Meßkreises.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Integral des zum Quadrat der Spannung proportionalen Stromes l(t) mittels der Ladung eines Kondensators Ci über einen Widerstand Ri erhalten wird, wobei die Zeitkonstante Ri·Ci sehr viel größer als die Dauer des Eingangspulses ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensator Ci durch eine automatische Nullstelleinrichtung entladen wird, und zwar zu einer bestimmten Zeit nach dem Puls, nachdem die erreichte Spitzenspannung aufgenommen worden ist, jedoch bevor der folgende Puls auftritt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensator Ci nur nach einer bestimmten Anzahl von Pulsen durch Eine automatische Nullstelleinrichtung entladen wird.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensator Ci durch einen manuell bedienbaren Schalter entladen wird.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensator mit einem numerischen oder Zeigeranzeigegerät verbunden ist, das den zum Ende des oder der Intergrationsprozesse erreichten Spitzenwert der Spannung des Kondensators Ci anzeigt.
EP91401012A 1990-04-25 1991-04-17 Kontrollvorrichtung, die zur Messung der Wirksamkeit eines elektrischen Zaunes dient Expired - Lifetime EP0454542B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9005245 1990-04-25
FR9005245A FR2661505B1 (fr) 1990-04-25 1990-04-25 Dispositif de controle servant a mesurer l'efficacite d'une cloture electrique.

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EP0454542A1 EP0454542A1 (de) 1991-10-30
EP0454542B1 true EP0454542B1 (de) 1995-03-15

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AT (1) ATE120068T1 (de)
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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4115630A1 (de) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-19 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Schaltungsanordnung zur ueberwachung eines weidezaunes
FR2817443B1 (fr) * 2000-11-30 2003-02-21 Lacme Dispositif de controle de l'efficacite d'une cloture electrique
DE202009015870U1 (de) * 2009-11-20 2011-04-07 Patura Kg Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung eines Zustands einer Elektrozaunanlage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3873847A (en) * 1974-02-19 1975-03-25 John H Finch Control system for an electrified fence
US4523187A (en) * 1980-08-29 1985-06-11 Norman W. Hutchinson & Sons Pty. Ltd. Alarm system for electric fences
US4725825A (en) * 1986-03-17 1988-02-16 Amco Partnership Electric fence voltage indicator light

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ATE120068T1 (de) 1995-04-15
DE69108089T2 (de) 1995-10-12
DE69108089D1 (de) 1995-04-20
EP0454542A1 (de) 1991-10-30
FR2661505A1 (fr) 1991-10-31
FR2661505B1 (fr) 1993-06-18

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