EP0455885B1 - Raquette pour jeux de balles, en particulier raquette de tennis - Google Patents

Raquette pour jeux de balles, en particulier raquette de tennis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0455885B1
EP0455885B1 EP90125299A EP90125299A EP0455885B1 EP 0455885 B1 EP0455885 B1 EP 0455885B1 EP 90125299 A EP90125299 A EP 90125299A EP 90125299 A EP90125299 A EP 90125299A EP 0455885 B1 EP0455885 B1 EP 0455885B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
racket
ball
rotation
axis
striking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90125299A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0455885A1 (fr
Inventor
Eckard Dipl.-Ing. Schlenker
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B49/028—Means for achieving greater mobility of the string bed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B49/038—Frames with head subframes for replacing strings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/54—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like with means for damping vibrations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B2049/0207—Frames with defined overall length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
    • A63B49/02—Frames
    • A63B2049/0212—Frames with defined weight
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/002—Resonance frequency related characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ball racket, in particular tennis racket, with a closed inner frame which has a covering and an outer frame with a grip part which at least partially surrounds the inner frame, the frames being connected to one another via a plurality of joints, each of which has a translational movement of the two at the connection points Prevent frames from one another, perpendicular to the racket plane spanned by the frames, and allow local rotation of the two frames relative to one another about an axis of rotation running parallel to the racket plane.
  • a tennis racket of the type described above is known from SU-1227-214.
  • the inner frame is rotatably supported in the outer frame by two pivot joints arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the racket in the middle of the frame.
  • the two swivel joints have a common axis of rotation that intersects perpendicularly with the longitudinal axis of the racket in the center of the stringing frame.
  • a locking device in the form of a bolt that can be pushed through both frames in the head region thereof is provided in order to selectively enable or prevent the rotation of the inner frame relative to the outer frame.
  • the outer frame is connected to the shaft and grip part via a further swivel joint, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • a further locking device in the form of a bolt which can be pushed through laterally from the further swivel joint through the shaft and grip part and the outer frame is provided in order to selectively release or prevent the joint rotation of the outer and inner frame relative to the shaft and grip part about the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • the known tennis racket is used for training center strokes, either one or both locking devices being released, so that the inner frame is rotated about the transverse axis of rotation and / or both frames about the longitudinal axis of the racket in the event of an off-center stroke.
  • the swivel joints are subject to friction in order to limit the rotational movements of the frames to a level which can be read off by display devices provided on the racket and which gives an indication of the decentralization of a stroke.
  • the known tennis racket has the disadvantage that if one or both bolts are removed to allow the frame to rotate about one or both axes of rotation, the ball reflectivity of the racket is low.
  • both bolts are inserted in their seats, the impact of the ball on the frame and the vibrations that can be transmitted to the frame are not used to accelerate the ball, but are passed on to the grip area undamped, which places excessive strain on the tennis player's striking arm.
  • a two-frame ball racket is also known from DE-OS 27 25 471.
  • a closed, covered frame is detachably connected to a fork-shaped shaft / grip part exclusively by vibration-absorbing buffer elements. This is done in places, ie point-like, and essentially in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the transverse central plane of the frame, the two versions differing primarily in the number of vibration-absorbing buffer elements.
  • the number of buffer elements is therefore the main variable of the known racket.
  • the variation in the hardness of the spring-elastic buffer elements (silent blocks) is intended to control the frequency band of the filtered out, absorbed vibrations of a higher frequency and thus represents the secondary variable. It is typical for the execution that high-frequency vibration energy is dissipatively converted into deformation energy and thus irreversibly into thermal energy .
  • the springs as a whole form a spring-mass system with a higher natural frequency and low vibration amplitude.
  • a special feature of this ball racket is that the power transmission from the inner to the outer frame is distributed over the longitudinal frame circumference.
  • springs must be positioned on the head / handle side, with sufficient hardness to keep the angular position constant in the case of balls hitting these areas.
  • a two-frame ball racket is known, in which the inner frame is releasably connected to a fork-shaped outer frame with a handle part in an embodiment via pivot pins. It is proposed (Fig. 7) to provide elastic elements that produce the desired angular position to the handle part. These elastic means, which consist of springs or elastic bands / strings, are intended to compensate for the reduced elasticity of the strings on the club head ends.
  • two pivot pins form a common pivot axis, with a spring element in the longitudinal direction of the racket being attached between the frames on the handle side - the inner frame can perform a rigid body rotation about the axis of rotation of the pivot pins, regardless of the other flexibility of the ball racket parts.
  • the spring element on the handle side will limit the rigid body rotation, since when the frame is pivoted against each other, the line of action of the tension / compression suspension tilts against the ball racket plane and a restoring torque is built up around the axis of rotation.
  • an ideally rigid inner frame designed in this way can perform limited rigid body rotations relative to the handle part.
  • a two-frame ball racket is also known, in which the inner frame is connected to the fork-shaped outer frame via two joints which have a common axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • the handle part is connected to the inner frame via a rod-shaped element which is arranged between the two parts of the outer frame and is articulated to the handle-side end of the inner frame.
  • the inner stringing frame moves parallel to the axis of the racket grip during ball contact even at different impact speeds and points of impact of the ball on the stringing.
  • this translational displacement of the stringing frame is not suitable for increasing the ball reflectivity.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a generic ball racket, in particular tennis racket, which realizes a higher ball reflectivity, in particular towards the head, with less arm strain during and after the ball contact.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in that the joints are arranged relative to one another in such a way that they form at least two axes of rotation which do not coincide, so that the inner frame does not move any rigid body relative to the outer frame.
  • the ball racket according to the invention is characterized in that the type of permitted coupling vibrations and the associated natural frequencies can be influenced and specifically controlled via the arrangement and design of the articulated connections.
  • the type of permitted coupling vibrations and the associated natural frequencies can be influenced and specifically controlled via the arrangement and design of the articulated connections.
  • a selection of the approved and non-approved subsystem vibrations and overall system coupling vibrations is carried out.
  • the degrees of freedom in the individual joint and the arrangement of the articulation points and effective axes of rotation to each other largely determine the type and sequence of the modal forms and the associated frequency range.
  • the effective masses are structurally determined in accordance with the arrangement and design of the articulated connections and assigned to the ball / stringing frequencies as best as possible.
  • the position and width of the "sweet spot" can be set in a more constructive manner with additional degrees of freedom / system parameters available according to the invention.
  • the achievable damping of the post-vibrations exceeds the usual material-related level (approximately 3%), in some cases certain amplitudes are canceled / suppressed, especially in the outer frame.
  • a ball racket according to the invention is also characterized in that, in the case of balls hitting the center of the covering surface, the handle amplitudes are significantly lower than the covering frame amplitudes or the accelerations there also practically disappear.
  • the playing properties are determined by additional free system parameters such as number and arrangement of the joints, formation of the individual joint, e.g. Bushing axis or ball joint, orientation of the effectively effective axes of rotation relative to one another, profile pairing of the inner and outer frame, mass and rigidity relationships between the inner and outer frame of the ball racket are influenced more, since according to the invention the elastic modal forms of the inner frame due to a small number of constraints - or coupling conditions (eg isostatic) are coupled to the elastic modal forms of the outer frame with the handle part.
  • additional free system parameters such as number and arrangement of the joints, formation of the individual joint, e.g. Bushing axis or ball joint, orientation of the effectively effective axes of rotation relative to one another, profile pairing of the inner and outer frame, mass and rigidity relationships between the inner and outer frame of the ball racket are influenced more, since according to the invention the elastic modal forms of the inner frame due to a small number of constraints - or coupling conditions (eg isostatic) are
  • the position of vibration nodes and antinodes can be shifted within wider limits than is the case with other known ball racquets.
  • the ball racket according to the invention consequently realizes a specialization in that the subsystems, such as inner frame and outer frame, perform tasks and functions that differ locally and temporally.
  • Non-ball-effective vibrations can be brought to a lower energy level by separation, ball-effective vibrations can be used locally for impulse recovery in the impact areas.
  • the spatial separation of functions in the ball racket according to the invention is accomplished by relatively movable articulation of two frames with different tasks.
  • the temporally different reaction during and after the ball contact can be accomplished by positioning the relative positioning and movement as well as coordinating the inner and outer frame mass and stiffness relationships, taking into account the changed mass and center of gravity relationships (and not just force relationships!), compared to the situation after the ball contact. Dynamic conditions are used dynamically in such a way that otherwise damaging effects can be largely used.
  • the realization of the objectives according to the invention lies in the special use of pulse concentration and mass damping.
  • Another aim according to the invention is a stronger decoupling of ball racket "in-plane” and “off-plane” vibrations, ie the bending (torsion) vibrations parallel and normal to the racket plane.
  • the inner frame and outer frame in the head region are preferably connected by one or two joints, and furthermore both frames are connected by two to three further joints in the handle-side to middle covering frame region. If a joint is provided at the head end, this can be combined with two further joints in the handle-side to middle covering frame area in order to achieve a three-joint design.
  • a three-joint design is also possible in reverse of the joint arrangement in that a joint is arranged on the handle-side end of the inner frame, two joints being provided in the head to middle region.
  • the four-bar design can consist of two articulated connections of both frames, which are interposed in the head and handle area.
  • only one joint is attached to the head and the handle side, the other two joints are located opposite each other in the middle stringing frame area with respect to the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • the joints which can only move uniaxially or also multi-axially, or also combined single and multi-axis per ball club version, can be represented by a socket-axis combination or as a ball joint, for example.
  • Individual or all of the joints on the ball racket can be designed in accordance with the invention in such a way that the frames can move axially against one another at the relevant joint location, along an excellent axis of rotation of the joint, which is oriented parallel to the racket plane.
  • each individual joint can have a spring-damping enclosure in order to absorb or influence axial relative movements of the frames at the joint location.
  • each joint has only one axis of rotation
  • the joints are arranged relative to each other so that the axes of rotation intersect on the longitudinal axis of the club.
  • the intersection of the axes can be inside or outside the covered inner frame surface.
  • two or three joints are arranged in the ball racket in such a way that two mutually perpendicular axes of rotation are formed which lie in the plane of the racket, one axis of rotation coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the ball racket.
  • a joint sits in the ball racket head.
  • the second joint is arranged opposite on the handle side. If a three-joint design is implemented, the second and third joint are arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the ball racket and in the handle-side to middle covering frame area.
  • the joint connection of the inner and outer frame is formed from two, three or four joint points in a ball racket.
  • This version of the ball racket is characterized in that two axes of rotation which are parallel to one another and lie in the plane of the racket are formed, and that the joints which form both axes of rotation are exactly or approximately opposite one another in the head frame and handle side stringing area.
  • two uniaxial joints are arranged extremely on the handle and head side.
  • a joint is attached on the extreme head side and two further joints are located in the handle-side to middle inner frame area.
  • a further modification is obtained by swapping the joint arrangement of the second modification, that is to say by moving it away from the head to the handle side and vice versa.
  • the joints are arranged in pairs on the head and handle sides in such a way that two axes of rotation intersect the longitudinal axis of the racket within the covered area.
  • four joints are arranged in a ball racket in such a way that two axes of rotation are located in the racket plane, which are oriented perpendicular to one another and intersect within the covering surface.
  • both axes intersect in the central covering area.
  • the intersection of the axes of rotation lies in the area on the head side, while in a third modification it lies in the area on the handle side.
  • the joints can be arranged such that one of the two axes of rotation coincides with the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • both frames can twist locally against each other, the elastic deformation energy is largely recoverable for ball acceleration.
  • the intrinsic and coupling vibration behavior of the inner and outer frame as well as the inertia forces that can be used for the ball re-acceleration as well as system-related antinodes and nodes can be controlled in a targeted manner via a clever arrangement of the axis points.
  • a deformation of the outer frame in its plane is transferred less strongly or only selectively and in a directed manner to the inner frame via the axial mobility, so that the stringing is protected by reduced vibrations in its plane, which contributes to economy as well as better playability .
  • the two-axis, three-joint design offers flexibility similar to that mentioned above, the two axes of rotation intersect at right angles, for example, in the lower area of the covering surface and form a vibration node for certain natural frequencies, in the vicinity of which balls impinging on impulses (wave propagation) are accelerated well.
  • a preferred solution variant has three axes of rotation with three joints.
  • the two mirror-symmetrical joints are positioned on the lower covering area.
  • Axis position and alignment of the axes should be selected so that the intersection of the three axes of rotation (axis node) lies in the lower to middle area of the covering surface.
  • the momentum forces are concentrated in the axis node. If the axis knot is also in the middle ("sweet spot"), it comes to rest in the area of maximum frame deflection ("flex point"). Depending on the frequency / mode, this area has pronounced antinodes or nodes there.
  • the three axes of rotation define three different covering areas.
  • Ball racquets according to the invention with three joints and two joints were predominantly dynamically examined by FEM computer simulation in both the beam and shell models.
  • the ball racket according to the invention can be realized in usual weight classes of about 350-390 g total weight. By balancing the masses in the grip area, it is possible to achieve roughly similar center of gravity positions as with conventional ball racquets.
  • a ball racket 100 is shown in plan view in FIG. 1a. It consists of an outer frame 1, which has a shaft 1a and handle part 2.
  • the outer frame 1 encloses an inner frame 4 with a covering 3, which is connected to the outer frame 1 by three joints 5, one of which is arranged in the head region, while the other two joints 5 are located opposite one another in the region on the handle side.
  • the design of the joints 5 is selected such that they each form an axis of rotation 7 going through the corresponding joint 5, for example realized via a bolt-socket joint connection.
  • the three axes of rotation 7 intersect in the area of the covering 3 on the handle side at point A, which lies in the racket plane on the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • FIG. 1b shows the same ball racket 100 in the oblique view, in which a possible choice of the cross-sectional profiles is shown as an example. Covering and support frame profiles appear optically as a unit in adjacent areas, selected according to strength considerations.
  • Fig. 2a shows a basic mode of vibration, wherein the support frame as the outer frame 1 with the handle part 2 has two vibration nodes (symmetrical bending), while the inner covered frame 4 undergoes an opposite symmetrical bending deflection relative to the outer frame 1 via the joints 5. Both frames 1 and 4 deform so that the overall center of gravity remains in the racket plane for the ball racket.
  • Fig. 2b shows the next higher "in-plane" basic waveform in the racket plane, both frames 1 and 4 undergo an elastic bending deformation.
  • axial vibrations of both frames 1, 4 at the articulation points are possible with this type of vibration, since they are inherent.
  • the outer frame 1 with handle part 2 is a quasi-antimetric Bending shape with three vibration nodes
  • the inner frame 4 is also symmetrically and oppositely deflected by the joints 5 in this form of vibration.
  • This fundamental form of vibration is preferably excited, for example in the case of balls hitting centrically. With this basic vibration, the grip part 2 experiences a relatively small deflection, which is the aim.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show the response behavior of the ball racket shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b in the course of time ("time history"), over the analysis period of 0.8 sec with 80 time steps and an impressed Dirac impact.
  • the damped vibration curves were obtained by FEM simulation at the "Impact" in the center of the club face. While the transverse initial deflection (z) in FIG. 3A is -1.1 mm, the longitudinal deflection (x) shown in FIG. 3B in the racket plane is four orders of magnitude smaller and thus practically disappears, as is the "in-plane" deflection ( y) in the transverse direction with three powers of ten difference.
  • 3A, 3B, 3D is that the fundamental waveform shown in FIG. 2c is excited and that the decay behavior of the fanned vibrations is extremely good, i.e. stronger than material-related, is damped.
  • selected nodes of the outer frame 1 at the handle end NODE 19, in the head NODE 3757, in the middle of the page NODE 1949, are selected as representative, as is the node NODE 1975 of the inner frame 4, also in the middle of the page. These nodes are also referenced in FIGS. 4A-4D and 5.
  • 4A to 4D show the resonance curves of the transverse vibrations (z) from FIG. 3A, but the nodes are separated.
  • 4A shows the deflection of the inner frame 4 over time for the node NODE 1975 in the center of the page.
  • the inner frame 4 has the maximum vibration amplitudes (100%).
  • FIG. 4B shows the vibration profile of the node NODE 1949 of the outer frame 1 at the same position opposite, with approximately 25% of the maximum amplitude of the inner frame 4.
  • FIG. 4C shows the vibration variation of the node NODE 19 at the end of the handle, further reduced, as well as the vibration in the node NODE 3757 at the head of the outer frame 1.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged representation of the illustrations from FIG. 3A and represents the summary of the transverse vibrations of FIGS. 4A to 4D.
  • the different temporally decaying amplitudes of the representative nodes can be seen in a direct comparison.
  • the opposite phases of the vibrations of the inner and outer frames 4, 1 are in principle recognizable, as are identical zero crossings and the exponentially strong decay of the vibrations, with moderate beats with a beat frequency of about a quarter of the resonance frequency.
  • FIG. 6a to 6d schematically show a selection of possible modifications of the ball racket in plan view.
  • the ball racket 100 shown in FIG. 6a referred to as "Type 1" corresponds to the ball racket shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b.
  • Characteristic is the arrangement of the joints 5, which connect the outer frame 1 with the handle part 2 and the inner frame 4 so that three rotation axes 7 which penetrate the two frames 1, 4 here approximately vertically and which have a common intersection point A in the inside area of the handle Have frame 4.
  • Fig. 6b shows a similar, referred to as "type 2" ball racket 200, with arrangement of the joints 5 as in Fig.
  • FIG. 6c shows a modification of the "type 2" ball racket 200, in which two axes of rotation 7 perpendicular to one another are in turn formed.
  • the configuration shown is referred to as "Type 3", since both joints 5 on the handle side are positioned on the end of the inner frame 4 on the handle side. In the borderline case, the two joints 5 on the handle practically coincide, so that only one joint 5 is present in the head and one opposite on the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • the hinge 5 on the handle would then have an axis of rotation 7 running tangentially to the inner frame 4, the intersection point A being located on the handle end of the inner frame.
  • 6d shows a ball racket 400, designated "Type 4".
  • the ball racket 400 of this embodiment has four joints 5, which are in pairs in extreme positions on the inner frame 4 and along and across the outer frame 1.
  • the four joints 5 form two mutually perpendicular axes of rotation 7, the common intersection point A being in the area of the stringing center.
  • FIG. 7 shows a top view of a ball racket 300 with two joints 5 located on the outer frame 1 and inner frame 4 at the head and handle-side end of the inner frame 4, two mutually parallel axes of rotation 7 being formed which penetrate the longitudinal axis L of the racket vertically. At certain frequencies there are opposing deflections of the outer frame 1 and inner frame 4, as can be seen in FIG. 8.
  • the outer frame 1 contracts in the longitudinal direction of the racket, whereby the outer frame 1 stores retractable elastic deformation energy and the inner frame 4 is prevented from being deformed to a greater extent.
  • the subsequent relaxation of the outer frame 1 releases accelerating forces on the inner frame 4, which also relaxes. This relaxation is converted into additional kinetic bale energy.
  • the ball racket 300 also has good ball reflectivity.
  • FIG. 9 shows a ball racket 500 according to a further embodiment.
  • this ball racket 500 two joints 5 with two axes of rotation 7 in the head area and a joint 5 in the forked handle-side area of the outer frame 1 and inner frame 4 are penetrated perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the racket.
  • the intersection A of the axes of rotation 7 lies in the head region of the covering frame 4.
  • FIG. 10 shows a possible embodiment of the ball racket 400 shown schematically and functionally in FIG. 6d.
  • the joints 5 are all designed as single-axis swivel joints, for example consisting of a pair of bolts and bushings. Both axes of rotation 7 intersect approximately centrally in A and are perpendicular to one another.
  • FIG. 11 shows a modified ball racket 300A.
  • the inner frame 4 is completely surrounded by the outer frame 1, which has the grip part 2.
  • the inner frame 4 is connected to the outer frame 1 by two opposite pivot joints, not shown, each pair of opposite pivot joints having a common axis of rotation 7.
  • the two axes of rotation 7 run parallel to one another and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the racket. Furthermore, the axes of rotation 7 lie within the area enclosed by the inner frame 4.
  • the spring-damper element 8 consists of a pneumatic or hydraulic damping element 9 and two springs 6.
  • the spring-damper element 8 is articulated to the two frames 1, 4.
  • the axes of rotation 7 are arranged approximately in the respective quarter of the length of the covering frame.
  • FIG. 12 shows the ball racket 300 shown in FIG. 11 in a side view, the relative deflection of the two frames 1 and 4 being evident.
  • FIG. 13 shows a possible embodiment of a joint as a swivel joint 5, which permits a local rotation of the inner frame 4 against the outer frame 1 about the joint axis as well as a limited axial relative movement along the same.
  • Both frames 1, 4 consist of an outer shell 10 and an inner foam core 11.
  • each frame 1, 4 is reinforced by a cylindrical section 12, which connects the outer and inner wall sections of the shell 10 to one another.
  • a pair of bearing bushes 13 is inserted in the cylindrical section 12 of each frame 1, 4.
  • One or more spacers 14 are arranged between the inner bearing bush 13 of the inner frame 4.
  • the axis 15 passes through both frames 1, 4 is guided through the bearing bush 13.
  • the axis 15 is a simple dowel pin which has a larger flattened head 16 at one end and a bore at the other end through which a cotter pin 17 is inserted for axially securing the dowel pin or the articulated connection.
  • a circlip fuse could also be provided.
  • a cover cap 18 is optionally provided for covering the inner end of the dowel pin and the split pin 17. Tests have shown that with suitable fits, axis alignments and possibly preloads, an axial joint pin lock can be unnecessary.
  • the pin or bolt length is selected so that in the case of bending deformation in the racket plane, such as for example in the case of longitudinal vibrations, the inner and / or outer frame 4.1 can slide by transverse contraction in the longitudinal direction of the bolt, so that forced deformations can be reduced.
  • a spring 19 or a corresponding enclosing elastomer is provided between the two frames 1, 4 in order to improve their axial closure and to exert a supporting and cushioning effect between the frames 1, 4.
  • the spring 19 can also be omitted.
  • the ball joint 5A shows a ball joint 5A, an alternative to the swivel joint 5.
  • the ball joint 5A has three mutually orthogonal axes of rotation 7, one of which is shown and coincides with the pin / bolt axis.
  • the illustrated ball joint 5A consists of an internally spherical bushing 20 which is fitted into the inner frame 4, and the outer barrel-shaped joint ring 21 inserted and secured therein.
  • the joint ring 21 which can be pivoted in the bushing 20 is moved by the pin 15 which forms the axis 15 13, so that it can slide in the joint ring 21 along the axis of rotation 7 without any play.
  • the ball joint 5A shown in FIG. 14 can also be replaced by such a ball joint, which allows the ball player to subsequently change the orientation of the axis of rotation 7, in order to adapt the frequencies and thus the playing characteristics to different stringing styles.
  • a joint 5A could be designed in such a way that the bushing 20 and the joint ring 21 are fixed against one another by means of a screw, so that the pin and thus the remaining axis of rotation 7 can be aligned.
  • the outer frame 1 shows an example of a pairing of cross-sectional shapes for the outer frame 1 and the inner frame 4. While the inner frame 4 has a flat cross section stretched in the racket plane, the outer frame 1 has a greater overall height transversely to the racket plane than the inner frame 4 Due to this basic cross-sectional shape, the outer frame 1 is rather stiff against a bend perpendicular to the racket plane, while the inner frame 4 is rather stiff against a bend in the racket plane. Because it has been shown that, due to the longitudinal dimensions, the outer frame 1 with the grip part 2 is subjected to far more deflection perpendicular to the racket plane than the inner frame 4, whose main bending stress lies in the racket plane.
  • the outer frame 1 is chamfered, as can be seen in FIG. 15, as a result of which the gap 22 located between the two frames 1, 4 is designed to be aerodynamically favorable in order to reduce the air resistance of the ball racket perpendicular to the racket plane.
  • the profile combination with air gap shown by way of example in FIG. 15 is of particular importance with regard to harmonizing the performance properties.
  • the required optimization will be a compromise between "optical weight", strength and mass ratios and aerodynamic drag coefficients.
  • 16a to 16d summarize, by way of example, a selection of morphologically obtained options for arranging the three-joint design of the "type 1" according to FIG. 6a.
  • different orientations of the axes of rotation 7 and positions of the intersection point A are shown, which make it possible, with an otherwise identical design of the ball racket or of the outer frame 1 and the inner frame 4, to constructively set the desired individual playing characteristics.
  • 16a shows an arrangement of the three joints 5 between the outer frame 1 and the inner frame 4, in which the axes are aligned such that the included angles ⁇ 0 are equal (120 degrees).
  • the intersection A of the axes of rotation 7 lies in the central region of the covered inner frame 4.
  • Fig. 16b shows a similar arrangement as in Fig.
  • FIG. 16a shows, in a modification of FIG. 16b, an arrangement of the joints 5 at which the intersection point A of the axes of rotation 7 lies in the area of the gripping surface on the handle side and wherein an angle ⁇ 2 and two angles ⁇ 2 (greater than 90 degrees) are included by the axes of rotation 7 .
  • Fig. 16d differs from Fig. 16c in that the intersection point A of the axes of rotation 7 moves against the inner frame 4 or outside the same, and the two included angles ⁇ 3 between the axes of rotation 7 are consequently less than 90 degrees.
  • isostatic mounting can be realized completely or approximately by defining or releasing the axial degrees of freedom in the single joint.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Frappeur de balle, en particulier raquette de tennis, avec un tamis / un cordage (3) monté sur un cadre intérieur fermé (4), avec l ' entourage au moins en partis d ' un cadre extérieur solidaire du manche (1) et de coup de main, les cadres (1,4) reliés ensemble par plusieurs des moyens d ' articulation / jointure (5, 5A) qui à chaque location de jonction empêchent une translation relative des deux cadres (1, 4) en direction verticale au plan de la raquette, et qui admettent une rotation locale et relative des deux cadres (1, 4) par un axe à rotation (7) ,
    la raquette est charactérisée en ce que l ' orientation mutuelle et relative des moyens d ' articulation / jointure (5, 5A) , qui constituent deux axes à rotation (7) non-identique, est de la manière que le cadre intérieur ne peut pas se déplacer relative au cadre extérieur comme un corps rigide.
  2. Frappeur de balle suivant revendication 1, charactérisé en ce qu' au moins un moyen d 'articulation / jointure (5, 5A) est placé vers la tête et des autres articulations / jointures (5, 5A) sont placés vers le manche et jusqu' au region parti moyen du cordage, de la manière que la raquette aurait jusqu' à quatre articulations / jointures (5, 5A).
  3. Frappeur de balle suivant revendication 1 ou 2, charactérisé en ce qu' au moins une des articulations / jointures est une articulation tournante (5) en admettant un déplacement du cadre intérieur (4) relative au cadre extérieur (1) le long d ' axe à rotation (7) de l ' articulation tournante (5).
  4. Frappeur de balle suivant revendication 1 ou 2, charactérisé en ce qu' au moins une des articulations / jointures est une articulation tournante (5) en empêchant un déplacement du cadre intérieur (4) relative au cadre extérieur (1) le long d ' axe à rotation (7) de l ' articulation tournante (5).
  5. Frappeur de balle suivant revendication 1 ou 2, charactérisé en ce qu' au moins une des articulations / jointures est une articulation sphérique (5A) avec une seule ou d ' autre part jusq' au trois dégrés de liberté rotative, admettant des rotations orthogonales et locales aux deux cadres (1, 4) à la location de jonction.
  6. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications précédentes, charactérisé en ce qu' il y existent trois articulations / jointures (5, 5A), chaqu' une constitue un axe à rotation (7) , les trois axes à rotation (7) se coupant sur l ' axe longitudinal (L) de la raquette.
  7. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications 1 à 5, charactérisé en ce qu' il y existent deux ou trois articulations / jointures (5, 5A) qui constituent deux axes à rotation (7) qui sont mutuellement vertical, l ' un des axes à rotation (7) coïncide avec l ' axe longitudinal (L) de la raquette.
  8. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications 1 à 5, charactérisé en ce qu' il y existent deux, trois ou quatre articulations / jointures (5, 5A) , qui constituent deux axes à rotation (7), l ' un est parallel à l ' autre.
  9. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications 1 à 5, charactérisé en ce qu' il y existent quatre articulations / jointures (5, 5A) qui constituent deux axes à rotation (7) qui se coupent verticalement, l ' un des axes à rotation (7) coïncide avec l ' axe longitudinal (L) de la raquette.
  10. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications précédentes, charactérisé en ce que les articulations / jointures (5, 5A) supportent les deux cadres l ' un contre l ' autre essentiellement de la manière isostatique.
  11. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications 1 à 7 et 9 et 10, charactérisé en ce que pour la raquette qui est sans de déformation le point d ' intersection des axes à rotation (7) est situé dans le plan de la raquette et sur l ' axe longitudinal (L) de la raquette, en plus le point d ' intersection commun (A) est situé au dedans le cordage du cadre interieur.
  12. Frappeur de balle suivant une des revendications 1 à 7 et 9 et 10, charactérisé en ce que pour la raquette qui est sans de déformation le point d ' intersection des axes à rotation (7) est situé dans le plan de la raquette et sur l ' axe longitudinal (L) de la raquette, en plus le point d ' intersection commun (A) est situé en dehors le cordage du cadre interieur.
EP90125299A 1990-05-10 1990-12-21 Raquette pour jeux de balles, en particulier raquette de tennis Expired - Lifetime EP0455885B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4014999 1990-05-10
DE4014999A DE4014999C2 (de) 1990-05-10 1990-05-10 Ballschläger, insbesondere Tennisschläger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0455885A1 EP0455885A1 (fr) 1991-11-13
EP0455885B1 true EP0455885B1 (fr) 1996-10-02

Family

ID=6406116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90125299A Expired - Lifetime EP0455885B1 (fr) 1990-05-10 1990-12-21 Raquette pour jeux de balles, en particulier raquette de tennis

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5178388A (fr)
EP (1) EP0455885B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05507009A (fr)
AT (1) ATE143611T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7854991A (fr)
CA (1) CA2082513A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4014999C2 (fr)
HU (2) HUT66898A (fr)
WO (1) WO1991016950A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5560600A (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-10-01 Fitzsimons; E. Luke Method for and racket to teach tennis
NL1020131C1 (nl) * 2002-03-07 2003-09-10 Govert De Vries Werkwijze en inrichting voor het meten en presenteren van parameters bij het met behulp van een slagwerktuig slaan tegen een te verplaatsen voorwerp.
US7736251B2 (en) * 2004-07-26 2010-06-15 Quikstick Lacrosse, Llc Lacrosse stick
GB2444579A (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-11 Europ Sports Merchandising Bv Racquet with anti-tangle formations
DE102007056831B4 (de) * 2007-11-26 2015-10-22 Head Technology Gmbh Schläger mit Gelenk
US8814731B2 (en) 2012-06-06 2014-08-26 Joseph Jennings Flexible racquet handle
US8608596B1 (en) * 2012-11-29 2013-12-17 Cheng-Chung Chang Racket with a movable throat
US11141630B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-10-12 Paul Richard Zarda, JR. Tennis racquet with adjustable frame isolation
WO2014152205A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Zarda Paul Richard Jr Raquette de tennis dotée d'une isolation réglable de cadre
CN113975762A (zh) * 2020-07-26 2022-01-28 杨履方 多圈球拍

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8225195U1 (de) * 1982-12-23 Hällmayer, Freduardt, 8306 Schierling Schläger für Ballspiele
GB431394A (en) * 1934-01-04 1935-07-04 Frank Wordsworth Donisthorpe Improvements in or relating to rackets or bats for tennis and like games
DE1954912A1 (de) * 1969-10-28 1971-07-15 Nagel Dieter Dipl Ing Ballschlaeger mit wechselbarer vorgefertigter Schlagflaeche
US4094505A (en) * 1977-01-04 1978-06-13 Beall Jr Thomas E Tennis racket
DE3038709A1 (de) * 1980-10-13 1982-05-27 Paar, Kurt, 8100 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Ballschlaeger mit auswechselbarem bespannungs-rahmen
SU1227214A1 (ru) * 1984-05-30 1986-04-30 Рижский Краснознаменный Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им.Ленинского Комсомола Тренировочна ракетка
FR2581317A1 (fr) * 1985-05-03 1986-11-07 Mussat Frederic Raquette a double cadre mobile
US4581965A (en) * 1985-05-17 1986-04-15 Gerber Scientific, Inc. Apparatus and related method for cutting and dedusting sheet material
US4655455A (en) * 1985-06-05 1987-04-07 Shozo Kurusu Sports Rackets
US4915382A (en) * 1988-06-06 1990-04-10 Madsen Erik H Compactible tennis racquet
US5002278A (en) * 1989-11-13 1991-03-26 Costa Juan C Racket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59010526D1 (de) 1996-11-07
ATE143611T1 (de) 1996-10-15
HU9203509D0 (en) 1993-04-28
US5178388A (en) 1993-01-12
HUT66898A (en) 1995-01-30
WO1991016950A1 (fr) 1991-11-14
EP0455885A1 (fr) 1991-11-13
CA2082513A1 (fr) 1991-11-11
DE4014999A1 (de) 1991-11-14
DE4014999C2 (de) 1993-12-02
JPH05507009A (ja) 1993-10-14
AU7854991A (en) 1991-11-27

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