EP0458230A2 - Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0458230A2
EP0458230A2 EP91108110A EP91108110A EP0458230A2 EP 0458230 A2 EP0458230 A2 EP 0458230A2 EP 91108110 A EP91108110 A EP 91108110A EP 91108110 A EP91108110 A EP 91108110A EP 0458230 A2 EP0458230 A2 EP 0458230A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
roller
ferroelectric
donor
latent image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91108110A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0458230A3 (en
EP0458230B1 (fr
Inventor
Phillip Eric Staples
Luis Lima-Marques
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Publication of EP0458230A2 publication Critical patent/EP0458230A2/fr
Publication of EP0458230A3 publication Critical patent/EP0458230A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0458230B1 publication Critical patent/EP0458230B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/056—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern using internal polarisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid

Definitions

  • Electrostatic printing is a printing process known per se, in which an electrostatic latent image is created in such a way that it attracts electrostatic marking particles, which together form a so-called toner.
  • the toner can be of the so-called dry type or of the so-called liquid type.
  • Electrostatic printing is particularly suitable when only a relatively small number of prints are required, when the print content is changed frequently or when a part of the print content has to be changed in a certain sequence.
  • Dry powder toners have a number of disadvantages when used in such a process.
  • the main disadvantage is the so-called dust problem.
  • fine or small toner particles referred to as dust tend to escape from the so-called developer and then deposit on any surface outside or inside the printing device, thereby creating mechanical disturbances inside the device or creating environmental problems outside the device. This problem becomes particularly severe when such printing devices are operated at high printing speeds.
  • Other disadvantages relate to the cost of general press maintenance and the cost of dry powder toner.
  • Liquid electrostatic printing also has a number of disadvantages, particularly when these devices are to be operated at high speed.
  • the main problem concerns the so-called solvent discharge.
  • solvent discharge refers to the amount of solvent or carrier liquid that is retained in the paper and that is mechanically removed by the toner applicator. Such separated solvent then evaporates and on the one hand causes atmospheric contamination and on the other hand makes a significant contribution to production costs.
  • Another disadvantage of liquid toning is the tendency for dye to precipitate in non-image zones or background zones, which leads to general discoloration of the copy, commonly referred to as background fog.
  • Klavan et al disclose a number of approaches to forming a thin layer of liquid dissolved toner in the development zone.
  • the present invention complements Klavan's teaching by introducing a device to manipulate the toner particles so that the latent image is developed while at the same time limiting the thickness of the toner layer on the developing element or donor roll.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for repeated toning of latent images contained on or around the surface of ferroelectric pickup elements.
  • the device according to the invention has a ferroelectric cylinder around which is arranged a device for developing the latent image on the cylinder with a liquid toner and a device for electrostatically transferring the toner from the ferroelectric cylinder to paper.
  • the developing device is arranged and designed such that the amount of solvent or carrier liquid of the toner, which is transferred to the surface of the ferroelectric layer, is limited.
  • the ferroelectric cylinder has an electrically conductive cylinder which is provided on its outer surface with a layer of ferroelectric material which is in contact with it. This cylinder rotates during operation, as described in more detail below.
  • the ferroelectric material is provided with a permanent latent image which is embossed on or around its surface by means of internal polarization.
  • the polarization can be of the so-called positive type, in which so-called positive charge-toned particles are repelled, of the negative type, in which positive toner particles are attracted, or a combination of both types of polarization.
  • Web-like printing material such as paper
  • the toned image is electrostatically transferred to the paper by means of a device which neither distorts nor perceptibly deforms the image formed.
  • the toner is fixed on the paper only by evaporation of the solvent, heat being supplied in the form of infrared radiation or the like, if necessary.
  • the liquid toner must be of a certain composition or of a certain type in order that it can be easily deposited on the above-mentioned donor roller so that it can be converted into a liquid layer between the donor roller and the ferroelectric material so that the toner or a portion thereof can be transported to the ferrroelectric material in such a manner that it can tone the latent image according to the polarization, substantially without touching background or non-image areas.
  • the invention relates to the ability of the toner to form a disc by means of hydraulic means in such a way that complete toning of the ferroelectric material in an effectively warp-free manner and with the least possible contact between the Toner and the ferroelectric material can be generated, resulting in virtually fog-free images with little loss of solvent or carrier liquid.
  • the formation of the disk is obtained in particular by the correct choice of the material, the surface roughness and the diameter of the donor roller in accordance with the intended operating speed.
  • the presence of a voltage between the ferroelectric cylinder and the donor roll helps control the formation of a disk of the desired type.
  • changes in potential affect the amount of toner that can be attracted to the latent image without adversely affecting the fog or the background of the resulting transferred image.
  • the amount of the toner present on the donor roller can be controlled by a second roller, a so-called doctor roller, or the like. Accordingly, the optimal ratio between active toner particles and carrier liquid or solvent for any desired speed can be easily obtained by appropriately adjusting the potential difference between the donor roller and the coronode.
  • a gap between 0.10 and 0.50 mm causes the formation of the liquid disc between the donor roller and the ferroelectric material.
  • the preferred range of values is 0.20 to 0.30 mm.
  • the toner used in the present invention is not limited to aqueous or hydrocarbon-like compounds.
  • a suitable toner is given in Australian preliminary patent application No. PJ 9452 dated April 3, 1990, title: Toner for Electrostatography, European Subsequent Application No. 91104426.1. Although it is a hydrocarbon-based toner, aqueous toners also deliver exceptionally good results.
  • the toning process is applicable to a wide variety of ferroelectric ceramic materials.
  • Preferred materials are calcium titanate, barium titanate, lead titanate circonate, lead strontium titanate circonate, lead metaniobate, sodium niobate and sodium metaniobate.
  • the single figure shows a preferred embodiment of the toner device according to the present invention.
  • a donor roller 1 is arranged above a toner tank 2 in such a way that it can rotate in the indicated direction by means of a drive device, not shown.
  • a toner solution 3, which contains the dissolved toner particles 4, is pumped from a storage tank, not shown, through an inlet 5 into the toner tank 2.
  • the toner solution 3 is generally retained in the tank 2 by means of a coronode 6, which is electrically insulated from the toner tank 2, but forms a side of the enclosure that limits the contact of the toner with that portion of the donor roller 1 that is behind the coronode 6 located. Excess toner solution 3 is conveyed back into the storage tank through an outlet 7.
  • the toner tank 2 is filled with the toner solution 3 in the manner shown and if a direct voltage is applied to the coronode 6 simultaneously with the rotation of the donor roller 1 in the indicated direction, a layer of liquid dissolved toner 8 forms on the surface of the donor roller 1, whereby the density of the toner particles 4 contained in the layer of liquid dissolved toner 8 depends on the voltage applied to the coronode 6 and the speed of rotation of the donor roller 1.
  • a solvent limiting roller 9 is arranged in the position shown with respect to the donor roller 1 and is kept at a distance from the donor roller 1 such that the layer of liquid dissolved toner on the donor roller 1 is limited to the required thickness.
  • a doctor knife 10 removes toner solution from the solvent restriction roller 9 and returns the solution to the toner tank 2.
  • a conductive roller 11 with a ferroelectric layer 12 thereon which is in ohmic contact is mounted in the illustrated manner at a distance from the donor roller 1.
  • the ferroelectric layer 12 has an electrostatically latent image 13 on its outer surface.
  • electroscopic marking particles 4 are transferred from the donor roller 1 to the electrostatically latent image 13 in order to form a toned image layer 15 on the surface of the ferroelectric layer 12.
  • the disclosed toner unit is used for repetitively toning the latent image contained on or around a ferroelectric pickup element in an electrostatic printer.
  • a ferroelectric pickup element in an electrostatic printer.
  • Such a device can possibly be operated at relatively high printing speeds, such as up to 4 m / s.
  • donor rollers relatively large diameter to use.
  • a ferroelectric layer which is contained on a conductive roller with a diameter of 220 mm
  • these rollers normally rotate at substantially the same surface speed.
  • the surface of the donor roller is preferably smooth.
  • the solvent limit roller is at a distance from the donor roller, the preferred gap being 0.1 mm.
  • the diameter of the roller is 50 mm and the speed of rotation is up to 4,000 revolutions per minute, preferably 2,000 revolutions per minute. As can be seen from the single figure, the roller rotates in a direction in which the liquid solvent is retained on the surface of the donor roller.
  • the potential difference between the coronode and the donor roller can be between 50 and 1,500 V, the preferred range being 100 to 500 V.
  • full voltage should be applied to the coronode and the donor roll should be grounded. In this way, distortion of the electrostatic latent image on the ferroelectric recording element is prevented. If the latent image on the ferroelectric pickup element has negative polarity, the voltage applied to the coronode must have positive polarity.
  • the method of applying and maintaining the latent image on the ferroelectric pickup is not part of the present invention. However, it has been found that it is possible to maintain a potential difference of up to 1,000 V between the latent image on the ferroelectric pickup element and the donor roll. However, an optimal image quality is obtained if this potential difference is between 200 and 500 V.
  • the preferred The distance between the donor roller and the surface of the receiving element is 0.20 to 0.30 mm, as already stated above.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
EP91108110A 1990-05-24 1991-05-18 Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique Expired - Lifetime EP0458230B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU308/90 1990-05-24
AUPK030890 1990-05-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0458230A2 true EP0458230A2 (fr) 1991-11-27
EP0458230A3 EP0458230A3 (en) 1993-08-25
EP0458230B1 EP0458230B1 (fr) 1996-06-19

Family

ID=3774712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91108110A Expired - Lifetime EP0458230B1 (fr) 1990-05-24 1991-05-18 Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5213931A (fr)
EP (1) EP0458230B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3581371B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59107942D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0472134B1 (fr) * 1990-08-23 1994-09-14 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Méthode et dispositif pour le transfert d'une couche image depuis la surface d'un élément d'enregistrement ferroélectrique vers un élément de réception

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0450417B1 (fr) * 1990-04-03 1996-02-21 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Toner pour électrostatographie
EP0508273B1 (fr) * 1991-04-10 1995-06-14 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'impression pour imprimer en offset avec un toner
AUPO875197A0 (en) * 1997-08-22 1997-09-18 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd Method of and means for self-fixed printing from ferro- electric recording member
IL122953A (en) 1998-01-15 2000-11-21 Scitex Corp Ltd Printing member for use with a printing system and method of imaging the printing member
KR20170033324A (ko) * 2014-07-31 2017-03-24 휴렛-팩커드 인디고 비.브이. 전기 유체 처리

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1542890A (fr) * 1966-11-07 Ibm Impression par attraction électrique d'encres
US4021586A (en) * 1970-10-08 1977-05-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of and means for the development of electrostatic images
US4268597A (en) * 1976-04-13 1981-05-19 Philip A. Hunt Chemical Corp. Method, apparatus and compositions for liquid development of electrostatic images
US4493550A (en) * 1982-04-06 1985-01-15 Nec Corporation Development apparatus of latent electrostatic images
DE3835091A1 (de) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Roland Man Druckmasch Druckform

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0472134B1 (fr) * 1990-08-23 1994-09-14 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Méthode et dispositif pour le transfert d'une couche image depuis la surface d'un élément d'enregistrement ferroélectrique vers un élément de réception

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0458230A3 (en) 1993-08-25
JPH04229884A (ja) 1992-08-19
EP0458230B1 (fr) 1996-06-19
JP3581371B2 (ja) 2004-10-27
US5213931A (en) 1993-05-25
DE59107942D1 (de) 1996-07-25

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