EP0458230B1 - Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0458230B1
EP0458230B1 EP91108110A EP91108110A EP0458230B1 EP 0458230 B1 EP0458230 B1 EP 0458230B1 EP 91108110 A EP91108110 A EP 91108110A EP 91108110 A EP91108110 A EP 91108110A EP 0458230 B1 EP0458230 B1 EP 0458230B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
roller
ferroelectric
donor roller
donor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91108110A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0458230A3 (en
EP0458230A2 (fr
Inventor
Phillip Eric Staples
Luis Lima-Marques
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Publication of EP0458230A2 publication Critical patent/EP0458230A2/fr
Publication of EP0458230A3 publication Critical patent/EP0458230A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0458230B1 publication Critical patent/EP0458230B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/056—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern using internal polarisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid

Definitions

  • Electrostatic printing is a printing process known per se, in which an electrostatic latent image is created in such a way that it attracts electrostatic marking particles, which together form a so-called toner.
  • the toner can be of the so-called dry type or of the so-called liquid type.
  • Electrostatic printing is particularly suitable when only a relatively small number of prints are required, when the print content is changed frequently or when part of the print content has to be changed in a certain sequence.
  • Dry powder toners have a number of disadvantages when used in such a process.
  • the main disadvantage is the so-called dust problem.
  • fine or small toner particles referred to as dust tend to escape from the so-called developer and then deposit on any surface outside or inside the printing device, thereby creating mechanical disturbances inside the device or creating environmental problems outside the device. This problem becomes particularly severe when such printing devices are operated at high printing speeds.
  • Other disadvantages relate to the cost of general press maintenance and the cost of dry powder toner.
  • Liquid electrostatic printing also has a number of disadvantages, particularly when these devices are to be operated at high speed.
  • the main problem concerns the so-called solvent discharge.
  • solvent discharge refers to the amount of solvent or carrier liquid that is retained in the paper and that is mechanically removed by the toner applicator. Such separated solvent then evaporates, causing atmospheric contamination on the one hand and contributing significantly to production costs on the other.
  • Another disadvantage of liquid toning is the tendency for dye to precipitate in non-image zones or background zones, which leads to a general discoloration of the copy, commonly referred to as background fog.
  • US 4,268,597 discloses a number of approaches to forming a thin layer of liquid dissolved toner in the development zone.
  • toner liquid is transferred from the cylinder to the cylinder at the image points in a gap between a cylinder carrying the image to be developed on its lateral surface and a roller rotating in a toner bath.
  • An electric field affects the toner liquid so that it deposits on the surface of the cylinder.
  • the toner particles contained in the deposited toner liquid form the image parts of the latent image to be developed.
  • the amount of solvent that the donor roller carries on its outer surface is limited by the limiting roller.
  • the amount of toner deposited on this is also delimited precisely; Excess toner liquid is returned to the toner tank.
  • the present invention is particularly useful for repeated toning of latent images contained on or around the surface of ferroelectric pickup elements.
  • the device according to the invention has a ferroelectric cylinder, around which a device for developing the latent image on the cylinder with a liquid toner and a device for electrostatically transferring the toner from the ferroelectric cylinder to paper is arranged.
  • the developing device is arranged and designed such that the amount of solvent or carrier liquid of the toner which is transferred to the surface of the ferroelectric layer is limited.
  • the ferroelectric cylinder has an electrically conductive cylinder which is provided on its outer surface with a layer of ferroelectric material which is in contact with it. This cylinder rotates during operation, as described in more detail below.
  • the ferroelectric material is provided with a permanent latent image, which is embossed on or around its surface by means of internal polarization.
  • the polarization can be of the so-called positive type, in which so-called positive charge-toned particles are repelled, or of the negative type, in which positive toner particles are attracted, or a combination of both types of polarization.
  • Web-like printing material such as paper
  • the toned image is electrostatically transferred to the paper by means of a device which neither distorts nor perceptibly deforms the image formed.
  • the toner is fixed on the paper only by evaporation of the solvent, heat addition in the form of infrared radiation or the like being able to take place if necessary.
  • the liquid toner must be of a certain composition or of a certain type in order that it can be easily deposited on the above-mentioned donor roller so that it can be converted into a liquid layer between the donor roller and the ferroelectric material so that the toner or a portion thereof can be transported to the ferrroelectric material in such a way that it can tone the latent image according to the polarization, substantially without touching background or non-image areas.
  • the invention is based on the ability of the toner to form a disc such that complete toning of the ferroelectric material in an effectively warp-free manner and with the least possible contact between the Toner and the ferroelectric material can be generated, resulting in virtually fog-free images with little loss of solvent or carrier liquid.
  • the formation of the disk is obtained in particular by the correct choice of the material, the surface roughness and the diameter of the donor roller in accordance with the intended operating speed.
  • the presence of a voltage between the ferroelectric cylinder and the donor roll helps control the formation of a disk of the desired type.
  • changes in potential affect the amount of toner that can be attracted to the latent image without adversely affecting the fog or background of the resulting transferred image.
  • the amount of the toner present on the donor roller can be controlled by a second roller, a so-called doctor roller, or the like. Accordingly, the optimal ratio between active toner particles and carrier liquid or solvent for any desired speed can be easily obtained by appropriately adjusting the potential difference between the donor roller and the coronode.
  • a gap between 0.10 and 0.50 mm causes the formation of the liquid disc between the donor roller and the ferroelectric material.
  • the preferred range of values is 0.20 to 0.30 mm.
  • the toner used in the present invention is not limited to aqueous or hydrocarbon-like compounds.
  • a suitable toner is specified in EP 0 450 417 A1. Although it is a hydrocarbon-based toner, aqueous toners also give exceptionally good results.
  • the toning process is applicable to a wide variety of ferroelectric ceramic materials.
  • Preferred materials are calcium titanate, barium titanate, lead titanate zirconate, lead strontium titanate zirconate, lead metaniobate, sodium niobate and sodium metaniobate.
  • the single figure shows a preferred embodiment of the toner device according to the present invention.
  • a donor roller 1 is arranged above a toner tank 2 in such a way that it can rotate in the indicated direction by means of a drive device, not shown.
  • a toner solution 3, which contains the dissolved toner particles 4, is pumped from a storage tank, not shown, through an inlet 5 into the toner tank 2.
  • the toner solution 3 is generally retained in the tank 2 by means of a coronode 6, which is electrically insulated from the toner tank 2, but forms one side of the enclosure that limits the contact of the toner with that portion of the donor roller 1 that is behind the coronode 6 located. Excess toner solution 3 is conveyed back into the storage tank through an outlet 7.
  • the toner tank 2 is filled with the toner solution 3 in the manner shown and if a DC voltage is applied to the coronode 6 simultaneously with the rotation of the donor roller 1, a layer of liquid dissolved toner 8 forms on the surface of the donor roller 1, whereby the density of the toner particles 4 contained in the layer of liquid dissolved toner 8 depends on the voltage applied to the coronode 6 and the speed of rotation of the donor roller 1.
  • a solvent limiting roller 9 is arranged in the position shown with respect to the donor roller 1 and is kept at a distance from the donor roller 1 such that the layer of liquid dissolved toner on the donor roller 1 is limited to the required thickness.
  • a doctor knife 10 removes toner solution from the solvent restriction roller 9 and returns the solution to the toner tank 2.
  • a conductive roller 11 with a ferroelectric layer 12 thereon which is in ohmic contact is mounted in the illustrated manner at a distance from the donor roller 1.
  • the ferroelectric layer 12 carries an electrostatically latent image 13 on its outer surface.
  • toner particles 4 are transferred from the donor roller 1 to the electrostatically latent image 13 in order to form a toned image layer 15 on the surface of the ferroelectric layer 12.
  • the disclosed toner unit is used for repetitively toning the latent image contained on or around the surface of a ferroelectric pickup element in an electrostatic printer.
  • a ferroelectric pickup element in an electrostatic printer.
  • Such a device can possibly be operated at relatively high printing speeds, such as up to 4 m / s.
  • donor rollers relatively large diameter to use.
  • a ferroelectric layer which is contained on a conductive roller with a diameter of 220 mm
  • these rollers normally rotate at substantially the same surface speed.
  • the surface of the donor roller is preferably smooth.
  • the solvent limit roller is at a distance from the donor roller, the preferred gap being 0.1 mm.
  • the diameter of the roller is 50 mm and the speed of rotation is up to 4,000 revolutions per minute, preferably 2,000 revolutions per minute. As can be seen from the single figure, the roller rotates in a direction in which the liquid solvent is retained on the surface of the donor roller.
  • the potential difference between the coronode and the donor roller can be between 50 and 1,500 V, the preferred range being 100 to 500 V.
  • full voltage should be applied to the coronode and the donor roll should be grounded. In this way, distortion of the electrostatic latent image on the ferroelectric recording element is prevented. If the latent image on the ferroelectric pickup element has negative polarity, the voltage applied to the coronode must have positive polarity.
  • the method of applying and maintaining the latent image on the ferroelectric pickup is not part of the present invention. However, it has been found that it is possible to maintain a potential difference of up to 1,000 V between the latent image on the ferroelectric pickup element and the donor roll. However, an optimal image quality is obtained if this potential difference is between 200 and 500 V.
  • the preferred The distance between the donor roller and the surface of the receiving element is 0.20 to 0.30 mm, as already stated above.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour garnir de toner une image latente, qui est présente sur la surface d'un élément de réception ferroélectrique (12), l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) étant en contact ohmique avec la surface extérieure d'un cylindre conducteur (11), comprenant les étapes opératoires consistant à :
    - déposer une quantité commandée de particules de toner (4), au moyen d'un dépôt électrique, sur la surface d'un cylindre transmetteur (1), les particules de toner (4) étant contenues dans une solution de toner (3), et les particules de toner (4) se déposant sur le cylindre transmetteur (1), et le toner ayant la capacité de former une pellicule de telle sorte que l'on peut obtenir une application complète du toner sur l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12),
    - limiter la quantité de la solution de toner (3), qui est déposée conjointement avec les particules de toner (4) sur le cylindre transmetteur (1), au moyen de l'entraînement en rotation d'un cylindre de limitation (9), qui est disposé à une certaine distance du cylindre transmetteur (1), et de la commande, qui est déclenchée de ce fait, de l'épaisseur de la couche de toner (8) possédant une épaisseur commandée, sur le cylindre transmetteur (1), un dispositif à racle (10) étant serré contre le cylindre de limitation (9) pour éliminer la solution de toner (3) du cylindre de limitation (9) et envoyer la solution de toner (3) dans une cuve à toner (2),
    - entraîner en rotation le cylindre transmetteur pour poursuivre l'entraînement de la couche de toner (8) possédant l'épaisseur commandée et la densité commandée sur la surface du cylindre transmetteur (1) de manière à l'amener dans une position située à proximité du cylindre conducteur (11), qui possède l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) sur sa surface, mais à une certaine distance de ce cylindre, et
    - produire des pellicules de la couche de toner (8) sur le cylindre transmetteur (1), les particules de toner (4) pouvant venir en contact avec l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) uniquement dans les zones qui portent l'image latente.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le solvant liquide (3), qui contient les particules de toner (4), est introduit par pompage dans une cuve à toner (2) au-dessous du cylindre transmetteur (1).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une paroi de la cuve à toner (2) est formé par l'électrode à effet couronne (6) qui est isolée électriquement par rapport à toutes les autres parties de la cuve à toner (2).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par l'application d'une tension continue possédant une valeur comprise entre 50 et 1500 V à l'électrode à effet couronne (6).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par la rotation du cylindre de limitation (9) dans un sens opposé au sens de rotation du cylindre transmetteur (1) et avec une vitesse atteignant jusqu'à 4000 tours par minute.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre de limitation (9) est disposé à une distance d'environ 0,1 mm du cylindre transmetteur (1).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) est disposé à une distance de 0,20 à 0,30 mm du cylindre transmetteur (1).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la différence de potentiel entre l'image latente située sur l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) et le cylindre transmetteur (1) se situe dans une gamme comprise entre 100 et 500 V.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre transmetteur (1) et le cylindre conducteur (11), qui comporte l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12), sont entraînés en rotation avec des vitesses superficielles sensiblement égales.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre du cylindre transmetteur (1) est égal approximativement à 90 % du diamètre du cylindre conducteur (11), qui comporte l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12).
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le dépôt de toner situé sur la surface ferroélectrique (12) est transféré à un élément de réception et que la séquence, indiquée dans la revendication 1, d'étapes opératoires est répétée au moins une fois, sans que l'image latente (13) sur l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) soit régénérée.
  12. Procédé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, comportant un cylindre transmetteur (1), une cuve à toner (2) disposé au-dessous du cylindre transmetteur (1), une électrode à effet couronne (6), qui forme un bord de la cuve à toner (2) et est isolée électriquement vis-à-vis des autres éléments de la cuve à toner (2), un cylindre de limitation (9), pouvant être serré contre le cylindre transmetteur (1), un dispositif à racle (10) pouvant être serré contre le cylindre de limitation (9) et servant à éliminer la solution de toner (3) du cylindre de limitation (9) et à renvoyer la solution de toner (3) dans la cuve à toner (2), ainsi qu'un cylindre conducteur (11) comportant un élément de réception ferroélectrique (12), qui possède une image latente (13), le cylindre transmetteur (1) étant disposé à distance du cylindre de limitation (9) et du cylindre conducteur (11), et la solution de toner (3) contenant des particules de toner (4), qui se déposent sur le cylindre transmetteur (1), tandis que le toner possède l'aptitude à former une pellicule de telle sorte que l'on peut obtenir une application complète de toner sur l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12), et les particules de toner (4) pouvant venir en contact avec l'élément de réception ferroélectrique (12) uniquement dans les zones, qui portent l'image latente.
EP91108110A 1990-05-24 1991-05-18 Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique Expired - Lifetime EP0458230B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU308/90 1990-05-24
AUPK030890 1990-05-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0458230A2 EP0458230A2 (fr) 1991-11-27
EP0458230A3 EP0458230A3 (en) 1993-08-25
EP0458230B1 true EP0458230B1 (fr) 1996-06-19

Family

ID=3774712

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91108110A Expired - Lifetime EP0458230B1 (fr) 1990-05-24 1991-05-18 Méthode et dispositif de développement d'une forme d'impression en matériel ferroélectrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5213931A (fr)
EP (1) EP0458230B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3581371B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59107942D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0450417B1 (fr) * 1990-04-03 1996-02-21 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Toner pour électrostatographie
EP0472134B1 (fr) * 1990-08-23 1994-09-14 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Méthode et dispositif pour le transfert d'une couche image depuis la surface d'un élément d'enregistrement ferroélectrique vers un élément de réception
EP0508273B1 (fr) * 1991-04-10 1995-06-14 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'impression pour imprimer en offset avec un toner
AUPO875197A0 (en) * 1997-08-22 1997-09-18 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd Method of and means for self-fixed printing from ferro- electric recording member
IL122953A (en) 1998-01-15 2000-11-21 Scitex Corp Ltd Printing member for use with a printing system and method of imaging the printing member
KR20170033324A (ko) * 2014-07-31 2017-03-24 휴렛-팩커드 인디고 비.브이. 전기 유체 처리

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1542890A (fr) * 1966-11-07 Ibm Impression par attraction électrique d'encres
US4021586A (en) * 1970-10-08 1977-05-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of and means for the development of electrostatic images
US4268597A (en) * 1976-04-13 1981-05-19 Philip A. Hunt Chemical Corp. Method, apparatus and compositions for liquid development of electrostatic images
US4493550A (en) * 1982-04-06 1985-01-15 Nec Corporation Development apparatus of latent electrostatic images
DE3835091A1 (de) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Roland Man Druckmasch Druckform

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0458230A3 (en) 1993-08-25
JPH04229884A (ja) 1992-08-19
JP3581371B2 (ja) 2004-10-27
US5213931A (en) 1993-05-25
DE59107942D1 (de) 1996-07-25
EP0458230A2 (fr) 1991-11-27

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