EP0465281A1 - Schiebetür und ihr Antriebsmechanismus - Google Patents

Schiebetür und ihr Antriebsmechanismus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465281A1
EP0465281A1 EP91401499A EP91401499A EP0465281A1 EP 0465281 A1 EP0465281 A1 EP 0465281A1 EP 91401499 A EP91401499 A EP 91401499A EP 91401499 A EP91401499 A EP 91401499A EP 0465281 A1 EP0465281 A1 EP 0465281A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
door
opening
leaf
leaves
slide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91401499A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0465281B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Maurice Moreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faiveley Transport SA
Original Assignee
Faiveley Transport SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faiveley Transport SA filed Critical Faiveley Transport SA
Priority to AT91401499T priority Critical patent/ATE94252T1/de
Publication of EP0465281A1 publication Critical patent/EP0465281A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0465281B1 publication Critical patent/EP0465281B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1042—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage
    • E05D15/1044—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage specially adapted for use in railway-cars or mass transit vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1065—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track
    • E05D15/1068—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track specially adapted for use in railway-cars or mass transit vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/643—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by flexible elongated pulling elements, e.g. belts, chains or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/652—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/08—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane consisting of two or more independent parts movable each in its own guides
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1042—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage
    • E05D2015/1055—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving carriage with slanted or curved track sections or cams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1065—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track
    • E05D2015/1071—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track the track being directly linked to the fixed frame, e.g. slidingly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/06—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane
    • E05D15/10—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane
    • E05D15/1065—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track
    • E05D2015/1071—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track the track being directly linked to the fixed frame, e.g. slidingly
    • E05D2015/1076—Suspension arrangements for wings for wings sliding horizontally more or less in their own plane movable out of one plane into a second parallel plane with transversely moving track the track being directly linked to the fixed frame, e.g. slidingly swinging transversely, e.g. on arms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/51—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sliding door comprising two leaves mounted to slide relative to one another to open and close a door opening.
  • the invention applies in particular to sliding sliding doors of railway vehicles.
  • the translation mechanism comprises a flexible link (ex: belt) wound on two pulleys fixed above the door, the two parallel strands of this link being respectively connected to the two leaves so as to allow a translation of these in opposite directions.
  • the translation mechanism comprises two endless screws extending end to end above the leaves, a nut being screwed onto each of these screws.
  • Each nut is connected to a leaf.
  • These screws have threads in opposite directions so that during the rotation of these screws controlled by an electric motor (or a pneumatic motor), the nuts move in opposite directions, thus moving the leaves towards each other. when closing or moving them apart when opening.
  • the strands of the link or the nuts of the endless screws are connected directly to the upper edge of the leaves at points located near the vertical edges of these leaves adjacent to the middle of the door opening.
  • the length of the two strands of the or the length of the two endless screws put end to end necessarily exceeds the width of the door opening.
  • This the overall width of the control mechanism is further accentuated by the presence of the electric motor at one of the ends of this mechanism.
  • This mechanism and the electric motor overhang on each side of a straight line extending the two vertical edges of the door opening, constitutes a drawback insofar as this overflow clogs up the useful space for example of a vehicle rail, while the space between the two vertical lines above, is dead space.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the embodiments known above by creating a sliding door with two leaves whose control mechanism, including its electric motor, can be housed entirely in the dead space located above the door opening and between two straight lines extending the vertical edges of this opening.
  • this sliding door is characterized in that each leaf carries at its upper part a horizontal slide engaged on a slide, each slide projecting from the vertical edge of the leaf adjacent to the middle of the door opening, the two slides being fixed to one face of the leaves and being vertically offset from each other, so that when the leaves are closed the slides can cross parallel to each other and that the slide of each leaves can engage behind said face of the other leaf, in that the entire control mechanism, including the electric motor, is housed in the space located above the door opening, without protrude outside of it, one of the translation means being connected to the slide of one of the leaves at a point close to its free end and the other translation means being connected to the slide of the other leaf at a point close to the vertical edge of this leaf.
  • connections provided between the means of translation of the mechanism and the slides which extend laterally from the vertical edges of the leaves are such that when these leaves are opened or closed, these connections move in opposite directions each over a corresponding distance only half the width of the door opening.
  • the length of the translational mechanism barely exceeds half the width above, so that the space available between one of the ends of the mechanism and a straight line extending up one of the vertical edges of the he opening of the door is more than enough to accommodate an electric motor.
  • the invention thus effectively and economically solves the problem posed by known embodiments.
  • each slide projects from the vertical edge of a leaf at a distance substantially equal to the stroke of the leaf and the distance between the two points of connection of the translation means to the two leaves is substantially equal to the travel of each leaf.
  • the invention also applies to sliding and swinging doors in which the two leaves engage in the opening of the door at the end of the closing stroke, so as to clear the useful space located on the inside of the door.
  • the sliding door in particular for railway vehicles comprises two leaves 1, 2 mounted sliding one relative to the other to open and close a door opening 3.
  • the opening and closing of this door is controlled by an electric motor 4 cooperating with a mechanism 5 comprising two translation means 6, 7 movable in two opposite directions, each of said translation means 6, 7 being connected to a leaf 1, 2.
  • Each leaf 1, 2 carries its upper part a horizontal slide 8, 9 engaged on a slide 10, 11.
  • Each slide 8, 9 projects from the vertical edge 12, 13 of the leaf adjacent to the middle M of the opening 3 of the door.
  • the two slides 8, 9 are fixed to one face 1a, 2a of the leaves and are offset vertically from one another, so that, when the leaves are closed, these slides (8, 9) can cross in parallel l to each other and that the slide of each leaf can engage behind the face 1a or 2a of the other leaf (see in particular Figures 2 and 4).
  • the slides 8, 9 have a substantially U-shaped cross section and balls 14 are included between the inner faces of the slides and raceways 15 formed on the slides 10, 11 so as to allow relative sliding substantially without friction and without play.
  • the entire control mechanism 5, including the electric motor 4 is housed in the space 16 located above the opening 3 of the door, without protruding outside of the latter.
  • One 7 of the translation means is connected to the slide 9 of one of the leaves 2 at a point 17 close to its free end 9a and the other translation means 6 is connected to the slide 8 of the other leaf 1 at a point 18 close to the vertical edge 12 of this leaf.
  • each slide 8, 9 projects from the vertical edge 12, 13 of a leaf 1, 2 at a distance substantially equal to the stroke of said leaf.
  • the distance D between the two connection points 17, 18 of the translation means 6, 7 to the two leaves 1, 2 is substantially equal to the stroke C of each leaf 1, 2.
  • the translation means comprise two endless screws 19, 20 extending parallel to each other from a point P situated substantially vertically from one 3a edges of the opening 3 of the door, to a point Q located between the middle M of the opening 3 of the door and the other edge 3b of the latter.
  • the electric motor 4 is fixed to the end Q of one of the endless screws 19 and extends in a space which does not extend beyond the other edge 3b of the opening 3 of the door.
  • Each worm 19, 20 carries a nut 6, 7 into which it is screwed, this nut being connected to one of the slides 8, 9 by rigid connections 21, 22 fixed at points 17, 18 of these slides.
  • the direction of threading of said screws 19, 20 and the direction of rotation thereof is such that the nuts 6, 7 move in opposite directions (see in particular Figure 3).
  • the two worms 19, 20 are connected together by pinions 23, 24 meshing with each other, so that the screws 19, 20 rotate in directions opposites.
  • the threads of the screws 19, 20 must be in the same direction so that the nuts 6, 7 move in opposite directions during the rotation of these screws 19, 20.
  • the translation means comprise a chain 25 or toothed belt wound around two toothed wheels 26, 27 spaced apart so as to form two parallel strands of chain 25a, 25b.
  • One 26 of the toothed wheels is located substantially vertically from one 3a of the edges of the opening 3 of the door and the other toothed wheel 27 is located between the middle M of this opening 3 of the door and the 'other edge 3b of the latter.
  • the electric motor 4 is disposed between this other toothed wheel 27 and this other edge 3b and each strand 25a, 25b of the chain 25 is connected to one of the slides 8, 9 at the points 17 and 18 previously defined.
  • the distance between points 17, 18 is equal to the travel C of each of the leaves, from their open or closed position.
  • FIG. 7 show that the door is also called “tacking” and for this purpose comprises in the space 16 located above the opening 3 of the door two fixed guide rails 29, 30 located in the extension of one another and having at their ends adjacent to the middle M of the door two parts 29a, 30a curved towards the outside of the opening 3 of the door.
  • Each leaf 1, 2 has at its upper part a tab 31, 32 carrying a finger 33a, 33b engaged in one of the rails 29, 30, to guide the leaf 1, 2 relative to said rail 29, 30.
  • the curved parts 29a , 30a rails 29, 30 are used to engage the leaves 1, 2 in the opening 3 of the door in the closed position, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the beam 28 which carries the slides 10, 11, as well as the slides 8, 9 of the leaves 1, 2 are located opposite the face 1a, 2a of the leaves 1, 2 directed to the outside of the door opening 3.
  • the beam 28 extends substantially over the entire width of the opening 3 of the door and is free relative to the latter so as to be able to engage in this opening 3, at the same time as the leaves 1, 2 at the end of their closing travel, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the electric motor 4 is started in the closing direction.
  • This motor 4 rotates the screws 19, 20 in opposite directions, which moves the nuts 6, 7 in opposite directions.
  • the nut 6 approaches the motor 4, while the nut 7 moves away therefrom, simultaneously bringing the leaves 1, 2 from the middle M to the opening 3 of the door.
  • the main technical advantage of the sliding and swinging door lies in the fact that the entire mechanism 5 for controlling the opening and closing, including its electric motor 4, is housed in the dead space located above the opening 3 of the door without protruding outside the vertical edges 3a and 3b thereof.
  • this mechanism 5 and its motor 4 do not clutter the useful space inside the premises or the vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
EP91401499A 1990-06-20 1991-06-07 Schiebetür und ihr Antriebsmechanismus Expired - Lifetime EP0465281B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91401499T ATE94252T1 (de) 1990-06-20 1991-06-07 Schiebetuer und ihr antriebsmechanismus.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007709 1990-06-20
FR9007709A FR2663673B1 (fr) 1990-06-20 1990-06-20 Porte coulissante et son mecanisme de commande.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0465281A1 true EP0465281A1 (de) 1992-01-08
EP0465281B1 EP0465281B1 (de) 1993-09-08

Family

ID=9397818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401499A Expired - Lifetime EP0465281B1 (de) 1990-06-20 1991-06-07 Schiebetür und ihr Antriebsmechanismus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0465281B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE94252T1 (de)
DE (2) DE69100347T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2028748T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2663673B1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5323876A (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-06-28 Mcallister Emory C Elevator door mechanism
EP0781892A3 (de) * 1995-12-28 1997-12-10 Ag Für Türautomation Automatische Schiebetür mit mindestens einem Flügel
EP0837211A3 (de) * 1996-10-18 2000-02-23 IFE Industrie-Einrichtungen Fertigungs-Aktiengesellschaft Schiebe- bzw. Schwenkschiebetüre für Fahrzeuge
EP1040979A3 (de) * 1999-03-27 2004-12-01 Gebrüder Bode GmbH & Co.KG Schwenkschiebetür für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Fahrzeuge des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs
US8297201B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-10-30 Faiveley Transport Method to high availability control for railway doors systems, on board system and application to accessories and surroundings of doors
CN105484600A (zh) * 2015-12-31 2016-04-13 苏州绿尚智能科技有限公司 一种推窗器
US10119319B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2018-11-06 Vapor Europe S.R.L. Door drive device for a door of a wagon
CN110406358A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2019-11-05 比亚迪股份有限公司 导轨组件和车辆
CN110512989A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-11-29 金湖县微晶控制系统有限公司 塞拉门

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2768683B1 (fr) 1997-09-22 1999-10-22 Faiveley Transport Dispositif motorise de verrouillage de vantail de porte, porte pourvue de ce dispositif et vehicule ferroviaire ainsi equipe
CN105275303B (zh) * 2015-09-16 2017-03-29 南京康尼机电股份有限公司 一种用于轨道车辆塞拉门系统的异步传动装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR738957A (fr) * 1932-06-22 1933-01-04 Saunier Anciens Ets Mécanisme de conjugaison par crémaillères de portes coulissantes
CH405981A (de) * 1963-03-22 1966-01-15 Bator Ag Türantrieb
DE2805411A1 (de) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-16 Uerdingen Ag Waggonfabrik Antriebsvorrichtung fuer eine fahrzeugschiebetuer, insbesondere einer haengebahnkabine
EP0090951A1 (de) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-12 Inventio Ag Zweiflügelschiebetür, insbesondere Aufzugstür

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE405981C (de) * 1923-10-10 1924-11-15 Rolf Sachse Elektromotorisch angetriebene Sprechmaschine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR738957A (fr) * 1932-06-22 1933-01-04 Saunier Anciens Ets Mécanisme de conjugaison par crémaillères de portes coulissantes
CH405981A (de) * 1963-03-22 1966-01-15 Bator Ag Türantrieb
DE2805411A1 (de) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-16 Uerdingen Ag Waggonfabrik Antriebsvorrichtung fuer eine fahrzeugschiebetuer, insbesondere einer haengebahnkabine
EP0090951A1 (de) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-12 Inventio Ag Zweiflügelschiebetür, insbesondere Aufzugstür

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5323876A (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-06-28 Mcallister Emory C Elevator door mechanism
EP0781892A3 (de) * 1995-12-28 1997-12-10 Ag Für Türautomation Automatische Schiebetür mit mindestens einem Flügel
EP0837211A3 (de) * 1996-10-18 2000-02-23 IFE Industrie-Einrichtungen Fertigungs-Aktiengesellschaft Schiebe- bzw. Schwenkschiebetüre für Fahrzeuge
EP1040979A3 (de) * 1999-03-27 2004-12-01 Gebrüder Bode GmbH & Co.KG Schwenkschiebetür für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Fahrzeuge des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs
US8297201B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-10-30 Faiveley Transport Method to high availability control for railway doors systems, on board system and application to accessories and surroundings of doors
US10119319B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2018-11-06 Vapor Europe S.R.L. Door drive device for a door of a wagon
CN105484600A (zh) * 2015-12-31 2016-04-13 苏州绿尚智能科技有限公司 一种推窗器
CN110406358A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2019-11-05 比亚迪股份有限公司 导轨组件和车辆
CN110406358B (zh) * 2018-04-28 2022-09-09 比亚迪股份有限公司 导轨组件和车辆
CN110512989A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-11-29 金湖县微晶控制系统有限公司 塞拉门
CN110512989B (zh) * 2019-09-29 2024-03-26 金湖县微晶控制系统有限公司 塞拉门

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69100347T2 (de) 1994-01-05
ES2028748T1 (es) 1992-07-16
FR2663673B1 (fr) 1992-10-23
ATE94252T1 (de) 1993-09-15
ES2028748T3 (es) 1994-01-01
EP0465281B1 (de) 1993-09-08
FR2663673A1 (fr) 1991-12-27
DE69100347D1 (de) 1993-10-14
DE465281T1 (de) 1992-04-30

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