EP0477068A2 - Entlüftungsvorrichtung für Gebäudefassaden - Google Patents
Entlüftungsvorrichtung für Gebäudefassaden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0477068A2 EP0477068A2 EP91402425A EP91402425A EP0477068A2 EP 0477068 A2 EP0477068 A2 EP 0477068A2 EP 91402425 A EP91402425 A EP 91402425A EP 91402425 A EP91402425 A EP 91402425A EP 0477068 A2 EP0477068 A2 EP 0477068A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- opening
- frame
- cable
- smoke extraction
- extraction device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
- F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
- F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
- F24F2013/1433—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means with electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
- F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
- F24F2013/146—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means with springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
- F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
- F24F2013/1466—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means with pneumatic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
- F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
- F24F2013/1473—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means with cams or levers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a smoke extraction device, of the smoke extraction chassis type with integrated mechanism for building facades.
- a smoke extraction chassis essentially comprises two elements, on the one hand, a frame and, on the other hand, an opening capable of moving relative to the frame, under the effect of an appropriate control system in order to obtain a quick opening of the chassis ensuring smoke evacuation.
- a chassis is generally produced from metal profiles, in particular from extruded aluminum.
- the opening of a smoke extraction chassis is provided with a locking system, generally of the strike-lock type and the opening control system is produced by a cable pulling device, handle " pull-release "or is fitted with a cable fixing and the opening and closing control system is produced by a device of the winch type with opening clutch.
- a smoke extraction chassis must also include ejection, damping and balancing systems for the opening and a system ensuring the reclosing of the opening.
- the difficulty in producing these smoke extraction chassis lies in the integration of all these systems into the chassis, this integration having to be carried out so as to respond not only to aesthetic concerns but also to reasons of reliability, while keeping the frame width and height dimensions compatible with the uses of the building.
- the present invention has set itself the objective of providing a smoke extraction chassis including all the control systems mechanical, or electrical or pneumatic, which are necessary for the opening and closing of the opening are fully integrated, in a reduced volume in the frame frame, so as to eliminate all the projections that are encountered on the smoke frame frames currently produced.
- This invention therefore relates to a smoke extraction device for building facades comprising a frame in two main parts, a frame and an opening, the latter being provided with means ensuring rapid opening, this device being characterized in that the control systems , ejection, damping and balancing and reclosing of the opening are integrated in the frame of the chassis, the latter serving as a covering for all these systems.
- the locking system of the opening is of the mechanical control type, maintained in the closed position by the continuous tension of a cable, the passage of the latter, actuated by a winch outside the chassis. , taking place inside the frame profile.
- the locking system of the opening is of the type with mechanical control maintained in the closed position by a cable-controlled lock, connected to a control means external to the chassis, said lock being embedded in the upper cross member of the frame and retaining a keeper fixed to the internal face of the upper cross member of the opening.
- the locking system of the opening is of the electrically controlled type maintained in the closed position by an electromagnetic lock embedded in the upper cross member of the frame and a keeper fixed on the internal face of the upper cross member of the opening, the power supply cables of the lock being positioned inside the frame profile.
- the locking system of the opening is of the pneumatically controlled type with holding in the closed position by a lock embedded in the upper crossmember of the frame and a keeper fixed on the internal face of the upper cross member of the leaf, the pneumatic supply lines of the lock control system being positioned inside the frame profile.
- the opening system of the opening comprises an L-shaped lever which can pivot around an axis and fixed in the vertical upright of the frame, the small arm of this lever being recalled by a tension spring and the end of the large arm of said lever being able to press on the opening by any suitable means such as in particular a roller, an anti-friction pad.
- the damping and balancing system for the opening of the chassis during its downward movement comprises a single-acting cylinder and a spring, said cylinder having its cylinder mounted on a part fixed in the frame of the frame, moreover receiving one of the ends of said spring and its rod mounted on a plate which is fixed to the leaf, said spring having the other of its ends mounted so as to be able to move in a light provided in said plate.
- the reclosing system of the opening is of the mechanical type with cable and winch, the cable passing inside the profile of the frame.
- the reclosing system of the opening is of the electric type and it comprises an electric jack consisting of an endless screw driven by a geared motor group whose useful stroke is half less of that necessary for the reclosing of the opening, of a spring return lever which can move along said worm and on which is mounted a pair of pulleys on which the strands of said cable are wound, each of these strands passing over another pulley which is fixed to the frame in order to balance forces, and a nut engaged on said worm screw acting on said lifter in order to control the reclosing of the opening.
- the reclosing system of the opening is of the pneumatic type and it comprises a double-acting pneumatic cylinder whose useful stroke is half less than that necessary for closing the opening and a part or reference forming a lifting beam on which a pair of pulleys is mounted, this assembly, provided with a return means, such as a spring being guided along the rod of said jack and one of the strands of the cable passing over each of said pulleys passing over another pulley fixed to the frame, this system ensuring the balancing of forces.
- the locking system of the sash on the frame can be either mechanical, or mechanical or electrical or pneumatic unlocking.
- the mechanical locking system can be produced by means of a lock controlled by a metal cable connected to a control station external to the chassis (for example a handle of the "pull-release" type.
- a lock shown diagrammatically at 16 on the FIG. 1 is embedded in the upper cross member of the frame 10 and it retains a keeper 18 which is fixed to the internal face of the upper cross member of the opening member 12.
- a cable is used, the tension of which continues under the effect of a winch or the like ensures that the opening element is kept in the closed position.
- the cable is fixed to the upper cross member of the opening 12 in place of the striker 18 and it is deflected laterally using a curved pulley or tube, this device then taking the place of the lock. 16.
- the electrical locking system is produced in the form of an electromagnetic lock, embedded in the upper crossmember of the frame (in the same location as the lock 16 described above) and a strike fixed on the internal face of the upper cross member of the opening 12 in the same manner as the keeper 18 of the mechanical system described above.
- the electric cables which are necessary to supply the electromagnetic lock are positioned inside the profile of the frame 10.
- the pneumatic locking system comprises a pneumatically controlled lock which, like the lock 16 of the mechanical locking system described above, is embedded in the upper cross member of the frame 10, and a keeper fixed to the internal face of the upper cross member. opening 12 in the same manner as the keeper 18 described above.
- the pipes which are necessary for the pneumatic supply of the lock are placed inside the profile of the frame 10.
- the ejection system ensuring the rapid opening of the opening 12 has been shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- This ejection system is designed so as to permanently exert an opening force on this opening 10 so that during the unlocking of the opening, the latter can pivot and be actuated by the ejector in the direction of opening, this opening being completed under the own weight of the opening.
- the ejection system consists of an L-shaped lever designated as a whole by the reference 20 and which can pivot around an axis 22 placed in the vertical upright of the frame 10.
- a spring 24 positioned in the vertical upright of the frame 10 exerts permanent traction on the small arm 26 of this lever 20 and this force is transmitted to the opening 12 by the large lever arm 28 of the lever 20, which ensures ejection, therefore a quick opening of the door as soon as it is unlocked.
- the pivoting force of the large lever arm 28 can also be produced by a spring or a combination of compression or torsion springs or by any other spring acting on the small arm 26 of this lever 20, and this as a function of size and efforts to transmit.
- the contact between the large lever arm 28 and the internal surface of the door 12 can be made by any means suitable such as in particular roulette, anti-friction pad etc ...
- This system essentially consists of a single-acting cylinder 30 with hydraulic or pneumatic damping and a spring 32.
- the cylinder 30 provides damping and the spring 32 balances by partially compensating for the weight of the opening 10 and therefore facilitating subsequent reclosure.
- the action of the spring 32 is carried out so that it begins after the opening ejection stroke so as not to hinder the ejection of the opening element at the start of the opening.
- the cylinder of the jack 30 and one of the ends of the spring 32 are mounted in the frame 10 by means of a fixing plate 34, and the end of the rod 36 of the jack 30 as well as the other end of the spring 32 are made integral with the opening 12 by means of a plate 38.
- the fixing of this end of the spring 32 on the plate 38 is made so that this end spring can slide in an oblong slot 40 provided in the plate 38.
- the smoke extraction chassis is provided with a system ensuring the closing of the opening.
- this system can be of the mechanical type: cable winch 14 (FIG. 1) ensuring the ascent of the opening and the cable of which passes inside the profile of the frame 10 up to the top cross member by being fixed on the opening.
- the embodiment of the opening by electromagnetic or pneumatic lock without integrated reclosing system requires that the chassis is then accessible in order to be closed manually using a handle fixed on the opening.
- FIGS 6 to 7 of the accompanying drawings schematically show an embodiment of an electric reclosing system of the opening 12, according to the invention.
- This system is in the form of an electric actuator which essentially comprises an endless screw 42 driven by a geared motor group 44 and along which a nut 46 can move, engaged on this screw 42 and making it possible to move a spreader 48 as will be described below.
- the useful travel of the worm is equal to half the travel of each of the strands 14 ′, 14 ⁇ of the cable 14 ensuring the opening-standing link and the nut 46 which moves along the worm 42 when rotating the latter has the function of ensuring the reclosure of the opening by action on the lifter 48 by resting on the latter as will be described below with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the lifter 48 is produced in the form of '' a curtain piece recalled by a spring 50, guided in translation along the worm 42 and provided with a pulley 52 on which the control cable 14 is wound.
- This lifter therefore has the function of keeping the two strands 14 ′, 14 ⁇ of the cable connected to the opening 12 (not visible in the drawing), a minimum tension so that this cable does not leave the grooves of the guide pulleys 54, 54 ′, but without hampering the effort of opening of the ejection systems described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- this minimum tension is obtained for example by a spring 50 or by any equivalent means, including a friction bearing.
- Each of the two strands of the cable coming from the lifter is directed towards a pulley 70 which has the primary function of ensuring a tension equal to the two strands of the cable, the second function of this pulley 70, which is freely mounted on a slide according to a stroke from 20 to 30 mm approximately, being to exert a traction on a cable 72, the value of which is equal, upon reclosing, to the result of the weight of the opening leaf less balancing, the whole being retransmitted by the two strands 14 and 14 ′.
- This cable 72 guided by a flexible metallic sheath transmits this force to a return device, located in the high sleeper cross member, ensures the resetting of the electromagnetic lock, without hampering its opening triggering operation.
- This system is completed by two end-of-travel stops: one 56 actuated by the nut 46 ( Figures 6 and 7), the other (not visible in the drawing) placed in the electromagnetic lock. These two stops make it possible to obtain the information necessary for the logic system which is responsible for managing the movements of the nut 46 in particular.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 show that the fundamental operating principle of this device consists in making the opening 12 free when it is opened, this having to be carried out in a very short period of time less than 30 seconds. It is therefore necessary that the opening speed of the opening is not subject to the speed of movement of the nut 46 of the electric jack described above, this in particular for reasons of required electric power and volume of size of the gear motor assembly 44 driving the electric actuator.
- Figure 6 shows the device in the closed standby position.
- the lifter 48 under the action of its spring 50 keeps the two strands 14 ′ and 14 ⁇ of the control cable under tension and the stop 56 is biased by the nut 46 which is in the end-of-travel position .
- Figure 7 shows the device in the open end position. We see that the lifter has moved along the worm 42 until it comes into abutment against the nut 46, still in the end position. This displacement of the spreader was made under the effect of the operation of the ejection system described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 8 shows the device in the closed end position.
- the gear motor 44 has rotated the endless screw 42 along which the nut 46 has moved causing the displacement (to the left by looking at the drawing) of the lifter 48 which, by means of its pair pulleys 52 and 52 ′ exerts traction on the two strands 14 ′ and 14 ⁇ of the control cable causing the opening of the opening, resetting of the lock and therefore the automatic locking of the keeper 18 by the lock 16 ( Figures 1 and 2).
- the system ensuring the reclosure of the opening can also be, according to a variant of the present invention, of the pneumatic type. This variant is shown in Figures 9 to 11 in various operating positions.
- Such a pneumatic reclosing system essentially comprises a double-acting pneumatic cylinder 58.
- the stroke of this cylinder is chosen at a value less than half the stroke which is necessary for the reclosing of the opening. This choice follows from consideration of overall dimensions.
- the system also comprises a part forming a return 62 on which are mounted two pulleys 64, 64 ′ on which the respective strands 14 ′ and 14 ⁇ of the control cable are wound 14.
- the return assembly 62-pulleys 64, 64 ′ is mounted so as to be able to slide along the rod 60 of the jack 58, this rod guiding said assembly.
- a return spring 66 is provided, one of the ends of which is fixed to the reference 62 and the function of which is identical to that obtained by the spring 50 (FIGS. 6, 7, 8) of the electric actuator, that is to say ensure minimum tension with regard to strands of cable 14 ′ and 14 ⁇ .
- the return assembly 62-pulleys 64, 64 ' makes it possible to restore the strands 14' and 14 "of the control cable 14, ensuring the opening link 12, dormant 10, as has already been mentioned above, the entire stroke Indeed, this assembly ensures the doubling of this stroke, since each of the strands 14 ′, 14 ⁇ of the cable 14 passes over a fixed pulley 68 which is fixed on the frame 10 acting as a lifting beam. '' balance efforts when necessary.
- the frame of the frame 10 includes the pulleys 54, 54 ′ which are necessary for guiding the strands 14 ′, 14 ⁇ of the cable 14 for controlling the reclosing of the opening 12.
- the pulleys 54, 54 ′ which are necessary for guiding the strands 14 ′, 14 ⁇ of the cable 14 for controlling the reclosing of the opening 12.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 shows that the fundamental operating principle of this device conforms to the invention consists in making the cylinder rod free vis-à-vis the 62-pulley return assembly 64-64 ′, the opening speed of the rod 60 of the pneumatic cylinder being greater than the speed of movement of the 'return assembly 62-pulleys 64-64 ′, generated by the opening of the opening 12. It is therefore necessary, to prevent the strands 14 ′ and 14 ⁇ of the control cable from slackening and thereby being able to come out grooves of the pulleys 64, 64 ′ and 68, that the opening displacement speeds of the return assembly 62-pulleys 64, 64 ′ are not subject to the speed of the rod 60 of the pneumatic cylinder.
- FIG. 9 represents the position of the various elements of this pneumatic system when the opening is in the closed waiting position. In this position, the jack 58 is at rest and the lifter assembly 62-pulleys 64, 64 ′ is biased against the jack using the spring 68.
- Figure 11 shows the position at the end of opening. In this position, the lifter assembly 62-pulleys 64, 64 ′ has been driven so far as to abut on the end of the rod 60 of the jack which is in the end of opening stroke position.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
- Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9011456 | 1990-09-17 | ||
| FR9011456A FR2666839B1 (fr) | 1990-09-17 | 1990-09-17 | Systeme de desenfumage pour facades de batiment. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0477068A2 true EP0477068A2 (de) | 1992-03-25 |
| EP0477068A3 EP0477068A3 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| EP0477068B1 EP0477068B1 (de) | 1994-11-30 |
Family
ID=9400383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91402425A Expired - Lifetime EP0477068B1 (de) | 1990-09-17 | 1991-09-12 | Entlüftungsvorrichtung für Gebäudefassaden |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0477068B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE69105429T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2031437T1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2666839B1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998030086A1 (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-07-16 | Skov A/S | Cattle shed ventilation system with air intake valves, and such valves for such systems |
| ES2123370A1 (es) * | 1994-04-27 | 1999-01-01 | Ff Seeley Nominees Pty Ltd | Dispositivo de cierre para cerrar la abertura de salida de una caja de un conjunto de ventilador. |
| EP3564597A1 (de) * | 2018-04-30 | 2019-11-06 | Systemair Production a.s. | Einstellbarer volumenstromregler |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ212472A (en) * | 1984-06-28 | 1989-01-27 | Colt Int Ltd | Lightweight louvred fire ventilator |
| EP0324256B1 (de) * | 1988-01-09 | 1992-08-12 | Colt International Holdings A.G. | Lüfter |
| GB8927215D0 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1990-01-31 | Colt Int Ltd | Improvements relating to ventilators |
-
1990
- 1990-09-17 FR FR9011456A patent/FR2666839B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-09-12 EP EP91402425A patent/EP0477068B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-12 DE DE69105429T patent/DE69105429T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-12 DE DE1991402425 patent/DE477068T1/de active Pending
- 1991-09-12 ES ES91402425T patent/ES2031437T1/es active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2123370A1 (es) * | 1994-04-27 | 1999-01-01 | Ff Seeley Nominees Pty Ltd | Dispositivo de cierre para cerrar la abertura de salida de una caja de un conjunto de ventilador. |
| WO1998030086A1 (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-07-16 | Skov A/S | Cattle shed ventilation system with air intake valves, and such valves for such systems |
| EP3564597A1 (de) * | 2018-04-30 | 2019-11-06 | Systemair Production a.s. | Einstellbarer volumenstromregler |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2666839A1 (fr) | 1992-03-20 |
| DE69105429T2 (de) | 1995-04-06 |
| EP0477068A3 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| EP0477068B1 (de) | 1994-11-30 |
| FR2666839B1 (fr) | 1993-04-16 |
| DE477068T1 (de) | 1992-10-15 |
| DE69105429D1 (de) | 1995-01-12 |
| ES2031437T1 (es) | 1992-12-16 |
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