EP0499442A2 - Drainage souterrain - Google Patents

Drainage souterrain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0499442A2
EP0499442A2 EP92301123A EP92301123A EP0499442A2 EP 0499442 A2 EP0499442 A2 EP 0499442A2 EP 92301123 A EP92301123 A EP 92301123A EP 92301123 A EP92301123 A EP 92301123A EP 0499442 A2 EP0499442 A2 EP 0499442A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drainage
panel
drainage component
shoe
connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92301123A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0499442A3 (en
EP0499442B1 (fr
Inventor
Graeme Staniforth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hepworth Building Products Ltd
Original Assignee
Hepworth Building Products Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB919102815A external-priority patent/GB9102815D0/en
Priority claimed from GB919120307A external-priority patent/GB9120307D0/en
Application filed by Hepworth Building Products Ltd filed Critical Hepworth Building Products Ltd
Publication of EP0499442A2 publication Critical patent/EP0499442A2/fr
Publication of EP0499442A3 publication Critical patent/EP0499442A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0499442B1 publication Critical patent/EP0499442B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to underground drainage, and in particular to subsoil drains and the like, and for draining off water from the surrounding ground.
  • subsoil drains comprise slotted or perforated pipes laid in a suitable bed of granular material which acts as a collector and filter.
  • drainage means comprising a drainage pipe or duct to be laid generally horizontally, and at least one upright hollow pillar defining a space communicating with the interior of the drainage pipe, and provided with one or more openings for entry of ground water.
  • a filter medium enclosing or contained in the pillar permits the flow of ground water while preventing solid particles entering the drain pipe from the ground.
  • the usual granular bedding material can be wholly or partly dispensed with, as the upright pillar will pick up percolating water from the surrounding ground over a range of levels corresponding to the panel or the pillar or pillars.
  • drainage components of extended surface area are laid in direct contact with essentially undisturbed ground, and filling or back-filling material is placed only on the other side of the drainage components. Accordingly, there is no break in continuity between the undisturbed ground to be drained, and the drainage system.
  • the drainage components be flexible so as to conform closely to the surface of the undisturbed ground.
  • a second aspect of the invention resides in a drainage component comprising a flexible panel which has at least one water-permeable surface and an interior providing for flow of water from the permeable surface to an outlet which, in use, communicates with a drain pipe or other discharge pathway.
  • the panel is flexible with respect to both the vertical and horizontal so that it can conform fully to the ground surface against which it is to be placed.
  • the panel comprises a core in the form of an open-work skeleton, comprising a flexible framework with outstanding projections against which a filter covering rests or to which the filter covering is attached.
  • drainage panels are employed as ground stabilizing means, for example in land fill and in natural or artificial slopes.
  • the panels are generally in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
  • such drainage panels are employed as gas venting elements, for example in land fill to vent gases formed below ground by decomposition.
  • the panels, in use do not form a continuous surface, but are spaced from one another along the discharge pathway, in a manner analogous to the drainage pillars described in GB 2208465. This enables the rate of drainage to be selected according to the needs of a particular site.
  • a drainage system comprises at least one panel which has at least one water-permeable surface and an interior space providing for flow of water from the permeable surface to an outlet which communicates with a drain pipe, and a connecting element for connecting the panel to the pipe, adapted to locate the panel selectively at different orientations relative to the pipe.
  • the connector is adapted to enable the panel to be located substantially tangential to the pipe.
  • the connector may for example comprise a spigot or other tubular element capable of being fitted to an aperture in the pipe at different rotational positions relative to the pipe, and a male or female connector adapted to mate with a panel and communicating with the spigot or the like; preferably, the axis of the spigot or the like is at an angle, preferably 45′, to the plane of a panel fitted to the connector .
  • the connector is made by injection moulding.
  • the core of the panel is preferably made by injection moulding, for example using recycled plastics, such as mixed polyolefin waste.
  • Figures 1 and 3 show a drainage panel according to the invention.
  • the illustrated panel comprises a plurality of parallel narrow stringers 1. These are interconnected by transverse webs 3 moulded integrally with the stringers.
  • Each web is a rectangular plate with its plane perpendicular to the stringers and extends only between two adjacent stringers.
  • the webs are staggered, so that they are spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the stringers and also in the direction of the length of the webs viz. transverse to the stringers.
  • Each web stands proud of the stringers on both sides of the common plane of the stringers. The free edges of the webs therefore define a pair of parallel planes spaced apart on opposite sides of the common plane of the stringers.
  • the outermost stringers have projecting lugs 5 corresponding in position and height to the inwardly staggered webs.
  • the stringers are interconnected by a female connector 7 comprising a channel having a width equal to the overall height of the webs and communicating with the spaces between the stringers.
  • the female connector is integral with the stringers or connected to them in any convenient way.
  • the stringers are interconnected by a male connector unit 11 transverse to the stringers, integral with these or connected to them in any convenient way.
  • the male connector 11 is provided with an aperture or apertures for fluid flow.
  • two or more of the illustrated frames can be connected together end to end with the hooked tabs of one snap-fitted into the apertures of another, with a silt-tight joint, to form a longer panel.
  • Figures 14 to 19 show the same core frame but fitted with a second type of connector.
  • the stringers are interconnected by a female connector 157 comprising a bar or frame having a thickness equal to the overall height of the webs and provided with apertures 159 corresponding in position to the spaces between the stringers.
  • the female connector is integral with the stringers or connected to them in any convenient way.
  • the stringers are interconnected by a male connector unit 61 transverse to the stringers, integral with these or connected to them in any convenient way.
  • the male connector 61 is provided with a plurality of projecting tabs 63 each corresponding in position to a respective aperture 159, these tabs being staggered and being provided with hooks 65 at their tips, the hooks on alternate tabs being oppositely directed.
  • two or more of the illustrated frames can be connected together end to end with the hooked tabs of one snap-fitted into the apertures 159 of another.
  • the entire core frame is made, for example by injection moulding, of a flexible plastics material, for example of a polypropylene copolymer or recycled polyolefin waste.
  • a flexible plastics material for example of a polypropylene copolymer or recycled polyolefin waste.
  • the design of the frame is such that it can flex about axes parallel to the stringers and perpendicular to them, and indeed also about diagonal axes.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative frame in which the webs 13 extend longitudinally instead of transversely, again in a longitudinally and transversely staggered arrangement. Webs 13 are present at the edges of the frame, therefore there is no need for lugs corresponding to the lugs 5 of figure 1.
  • the core has an intermittent gate-like structure which allows free passage of water down its length but provides high crushing strength across the width under normal and angled (shear) loading conditions.
  • the flexibility allows the panel to fit properly against uneven trench walls or structures to ensure the intimate contact necessary between the covering 9 and the soil.
  • the core is covered (except at its ends) with a flexible filter covering 9 through which ground water can percolate.
  • the filter medium may be a so-called geotextile, of a mesh size suitable to prevent passage of ground particles without becoming clogged or unduly resisting the flow of ground water.
  • geotextile of a mesh size suitable to prevent passage of ground particles without becoming clogged or unduly resisting the flow of ground water.
  • Such materials are now quite well known. They may comprise woven or non-woven material, or moulded or extruded material, of appropriate porosity, for example so-called needle punched geotextiles.
  • the geotextile material is selected to have the correct pore size, flow characteristics, chemical resistance and mechanical properties to allow the free flow of water from the soil into the cores whilst preventing soil movement or clogging. According to one specification, the material may be so selected that the 95% level of its hole size distribution corresponds to the 50% dimension of the particle size distribution of the surrounding soil.
  • the filter medium may be a non-woven needle-punched continuous filament polyester or polypropylene fabric.
  • the filter medium is welded, glued, or heat-bonded to all of the raised web surfaces and edge lugs 5 of the frame skeleton, to form a panel 15 covered with the filter medium 9 on all surfaces except at the ends, that is to say at the male and female connectors. This covering does not impair the above-described flexibility.
  • the geotextile material is attached to the core at all the intermittent webs (gates) which ensures that there is very little local stretch or apertures becoming reduced and ensures the maintenance of a high flow capacity for a relatively thin panel.
  • the panel may be 500mm x 150mm x 15mm.
  • the complete panel is connected to a land drain pipe and installed for example in a drainage trench.
  • the panel frame provides a large hollow space and almost unimpeded water flow past and between the webs 3 within the panel. Panel ends remaining open after installation can be closed by suitable caps fitted onto the exposed connectors 7, 11, 157 or 61, if desired.
  • the pipe can be of any convenient kind. It may for example be a plastics pipe, preferably a corrugated plastics pipe, or a clay pipe.
  • entry holes for receiving water from the panels can be provided, distributed along the length of the pipe, as a factory operation for example by drilling, punching, or in the moulding of the pipe.
  • holes may be provided distributed along the length of the pipe as a factory operation, or standard non-perforated pipe lengths may be interconnected by pipe couplings incorporating connector holes for the panels.
  • Figure 4 shows a panel 15, an injection moulded plastics coupling sleeve 17, for example to fit standard 100mm clay pipe lengths, a plastics connector or entry shoe 19 and a sealing ring 21.
  • a rectangular stopper 23 is provided, which snaps into the open female connector 7 to close the end of the panel.
  • the stopper could be configured to snap into the open male connector, to close opposite end of the panel.
  • the shoe 19 and stopper 23 are shown on a larger scale in figure 6.
  • the shoe has a female connector portion 25 which corresponds to the female connector 7 and, like the latter, has resilient hooked lugs 8 which snap into and retain the male connector 11 of an inserted panel, forming a silt-tight joint between the shoe and the panel.
  • Stopper 23 has apertures 27 in its side walls 29. When the stopper is inserted into a female connector 7 or 25, the apertures 27 receive the hooked tabs 8 to retain the stopper.
  • the shoe could be configured to have a male connector portion, thus making it capable of engaging a female connector of a panel.
  • the shoe 19, which is made of injected moulded plastics for example polypropylene, also incorporates a funnel 31 communicating with the female element 25, and a circular spigot 33 communicating with the funnel and angled at for example 45° relative to the female element 25 and accordingly to the plane of a panel inserted in the shoe.
  • the spigot is typically approximately 40mm in diameter, and is inserted into an aperture provided in the coupling sleeve 17 (or an aperture provided in a pipe).
  • the ring 21 has hooked resilient tabs 35 around its periphery for snap fitting in a hole 37 provided in the coupling sleeve 17, and a skirt 39 shaped to seat against the external surface of the coupling sleeve and to form a silt-tight joint with the latter.
  • the ring is made of a hard elastomeric material. Lugs 41 provided on the exterior of the spigot 33 can mate with slots 43 provided in the seal ring 21, in such a manner that the shoe can be located on the pipe with the female connector 25 either parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.
  • Figure 4 shows the components arranged so that the shoe, and the width of the panel, are perpendicular to the pipe axis. Because the spigot 33 is angled, the length direction of the panel will then lie at 45° to the length direction of the drainage pipe.
  • Circular plugs may be provided to close apertures 37 or seal rings 21 not used for the attachment of drainage panels.
  • conventional pipe coupling sleeves can be used.
  • Seal rings similar to the rings 21 can also be used for connecting shoes and panels to apertures provided in clay pipe bodies.
  • the seat of seal for the connector shoe may be moulded integrally with the coupling sleeve.
  • the rings may be factory-fitted, secured for example by an adhesive or by welding in the case of plastics pipes.
  • seal and coupling formations corresponding to rings 21 can be provided integrally with the pipes or sleeves.
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative arrangement in which a pair of panels 15, connected end to end for increased length or height, are connected by a shoe 19 to a 110mm twin-wall corrugated PVC-u pipe 45.
  • the pipe 45 has factory drilled connection holes, provided with seal rings identical or similar to the ring 21.
  • the shoe 19 has been set so that its length is parallel to the axis of the pipe 45, with the result that the plane of the panels 15 is substantially tangential to the pipe 45. This enables the panels 15 to make complete close contact with the wall of a trench, or a structure.
  • this arrangement enables the panels to make direct contact with undisturbed ground at one of the excavated side wall surfaces of a trench, the trench being back-filled only on the other side of the panel.
  • the flexibility of the panels enables them to conform closely to the excavated surface or to the surface of the structure, thereby maximising the efficiency with which the panels can collect ground water.
  • the panels can be installed at any desired orientation, for example in a vertical or near-vertical plane, horizontal, or sloping. However, in any arrangement, the panels will normally form a multiplicity of separate localized collectors, rather than an effectively continuous surface as is the case in conventional panel-type drainage devices. These individual collecting panels are individually connected to an independent drainage pipe at positions spaced along the latter. This has the significant advantage that the numbers and arrangement of panels, and therefore the local drainage rate, can be selected according to the particular requirements of each individual site, and indeed according to different requirements in different regions of a site.
  • the present drainage system is extremely versatile. Some possible applications will be described by way of example only.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the drainage of a retaining wall 51.
  • a stack of three panels 15 is placed vertically adjacent and parallel to the wall, and tangential to the drainage pipe 53.
  • the tangential mounting of the panels on the pipe ensures intimate unimpeded contact between the panels and the wall, so that water cannot build up against the wall and cause damage due to hydraulic pressure.
  • This arrangement can drain the ground fill 55 adjacent the wall extremely efficiently, reducing the risk of flooding and damp, and enabling a lighter wall to be used by eliminating hydraulic pressure of ground water. It may be desirable to provide an impervious membrane between the panels and the wall.
  • Figure 9 shows a similar arrangement of a vertical panel tangential to the drainage pipe, for draining the edge of a carriageway to ensure rapid removal of excess water from the sub-structure 57 of the carriageway; accumulation of water in the sub-structure causes rapid structural damage.
  • the system described herein can also be used for land fill management both to remove liquids, and to vent gases produced for example by the degradation of organic refuse.
  • Figure 10 shows a land fill drainage system comprising multiple panels 15 extending obliquely downwardly through the buried refuse 59, and connected tangentially to the pipe 53.
  • Figure 11 shows the panels 15 arranged vertically, again tangential to the pipe 53, with the upper end 61 of the panel or panel assembly exposed to the atmosphere. Gases generated in the buried refuse 59 are collected by the panels 15, along with liquids. The gases are vented from the upper end of the panels to the atmosphere, or are collected while liquids are drained off through the pipe 53.
  • the stability of embankment slopes can be improved by preventing the build up, and controlling the movement, of water.
  • Figure 12a and 12b show in front and side elevation the use of panels, or assemblies of panels, connected in a sloping herringbone formation to a sloping pipe 63.
  • the connecting shoes 19 are arranged with the female elements 25 perpendicular to the length of pipe, so that the panels 15 form baffles at 45′ across the path of movement of water down the embankment. Because of this arrangement of the panels, the panels can also themselves act as mechanical stabilizing elements for the material of the embankment.
  • the drainage system of the present invention can also be used for general land management and reclamation by sub-soil drainage.
  • the preferred arrangement comprises a herringbone layout of panels and pipes as in figure 12a and 12b, but with the pipes substantially horizontal as shown in plan view in figure 13a and in side elevation in figure 13b.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
EP19920301123 1991-02-11 1992-02-11 Drainage souterrain Expired - Lifetime EP0499442B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919102815A GB9102815D0 (en) 1991-02-11 1991-02-11 Underground drainage
GB9102815 1991-02-11
GB9120307 1991-09-24
GB919120307A GB9120307D0 (en) 1991-09-24 1991-09-24 Underground drainage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0499442A2 true EP0499442A2 (fr) 1992-08-19
EP0499442A3 EP0499442A3 (en) 1993-08-04
EP0499442B1 EP0499442B1 (fr) 1998-07-22

Family

ID=26298424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19920301123 Expired - Lifetime EP0499442B1 (fr) 1991-02-11 1992-02-11 Drainage souterrain

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0499442B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69226297T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2120987T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2253125B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0747536A4 (fr) * 1994-05-28 1996-09-02 Jong Chun Kim Structure de drainage consolidant les sols meubles et procede et dispositif de mise en place
EP0822295A4 (fr) * 1995-04-15 1998-07-15 Jong Chun Kim Equipement de formation de drains destines au raffermissement de sols meubles, procede et structure de disposition de ces drains
WO2000028152A1 (fr) * 1998-11-06 2000-05-18 Royal Ten Cate (Us), Inc. Systeme de drainage souterrain ameliore

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20260109630A1 (en) * 2023-06-02 2026-04-23 Larry D. Stephens Soil absorption module for effluent dispersal system

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SE310818B (fr) * 1963-04-17 1969-05-12 Hakanssons Ind Ab
US3514129A (en) * 1967-11-09 1970-05-26 Holdren Brothers Inc Sanitary connector with locking means thereon
US3645562A (en) * 1970-03-10 1972-02-29 Matthew R Fandetti Coupling device
IL37107A (en) * 1970-07-10 1973-07-30 Orebro Papperbruks Ab Composite drain for embankments for roads,railways,houses etc.
GB1479772A (en) * 1974-07-09 1977-07-13 Ohbayashi Corp Drainage sheet material
JPS5427205Y2 (fr) * 1975-09-12 1979-09-05
GB1536551A (en) * 1976-01-06 1978-12-20 Laing & Son Ltd John Liquid channelling method and assembly
GB2040655B (en) * 1979-01-30 1983-01-26 Laing John Services Liquid channelling assembly
FR2462518A1 (fr) * 1979-08-03 1981-02-13 Cofrad Materiau de drainage et procede de fabrication
EP0075993B1 (fr) * 1981-09-25 1986-10-29 A.A.R.C. (Management) Pty. Limited Tuyau de drainage
AU549966B2 (en) * 1982-02-05 1986-02-20 Hitek Construction Ltd A drainage device
DE3479597D1 (en) * 1983-03-31 1989-10-05 Monsanto Co Elongated bendable drainage mat
AU6853387A (en) * 1986-09-05 1988-03-10 Leucadia, Inc. Subsurface drainage matting
GB2201632B (en) * 1987-01-21 1990-08-22 Netlon Ltd Drainage material and drainage core for a drainage system
US4898494A (en) * 1987-05-13 1990-02-06 Donn Ellis Subsurface water drainage system
FR2628127B1 (fr) * 1988-03-07 1991-07-05 Wavin Bv Raccord de branchement d'un drain sur un collecteur
US4925342A (en) * 1989-04-10 1990-05-15 Site Masters, Inc. Water management system
JP2525306Y2 (ja) * 1990-06-06 1997-02-12 三井石油化学工業株式会社 垂直ドレーン材

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0747536A4 (fr) * 1994-05-28 1996-09-02 Jong Chun Kim Structure de drainage consolidant les sols meubles et procede et dispositif de mise en place
EP0822295A4 (fr) * 1995-04-15 1998-07-15 Jong Chun Kim Equipement de formation de drains destines au raffermissement de sols meubles, procede et structure de disposition de ces drains
WO2000028152A1 (fr) * 1998-11-06 2000-05-18 Royal Ten Cate (Us), Inc. Systeme de drainage souterrain ameliore
US6241421B1 (en) 1998-11-06 2001-06-05 Royal Ten Cate (Usa), Inc. Subterranean drain assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2120987T3 (es) 1998-11-16
GB2253125B (en) 1995-01-04
EP0499442A3 (en) 1993-08-04
GB2253125A (en) 1992-09-02
DE69226297T2 (de) 1999-02-25
DE69226297D1 (de) 1998-08-27
GB9203058D0 (en) 1992-03-25
EP0499442B1 (fr) 1998-07-22

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