Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
  • C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the production of film-shaped electrically conductive polymers by electrochemical oxidative polymerization of monomers from the group of five-membered heterocycles such as pyrrole, thiophene, furan and their derivatives and aromatic amino compounds such as aniline and its derivatives, and those to be obtained by this process Polymers.
• oxidative polymerization of five-membered heterocycles and aromatic amines has long been known.
• conventional chemical oxidants such as persulfates, iron (III), copper (II) or cerium (IV) compounds can be used as the oxidizing agent.
• electrochemical processes are used, a metal electrode with a sufficiently high electrochemical potential causing the necessary oxidation processes. A good description of these processes can be found in the relevant literature. Examples include: J. Heinze, "Electronically conducting polymers," Topics in Current Chemistry 152 (1990) 1 Z. Adamcova, L. Dempirova, “Film-forming electropolymerization", Progress in Organic Coatings, 16 (1989) 295 H.
• a corresponding electrochemical cell is required for this.
• this consists of two electrodes, between which there is an electrolyte.
• an electrolyte is understood to mean an ionically conductive phase (see, for example, K. Schwabe, Physikalische Chemie, Volume 2: Elektrochemie, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1974).
• molten salts, salt solutions (solution of a so-called conductive salt in an organic or inorganic solvent) or solid electrolytes can be used as the electrolyte (see, e.g., M. Armand, "Polymers with ionic conductivity", Advanced Materials 2 (1990) 278).
• conductive salt and “electrolyte” are often used interchangeably; in any case, an electrolyte solution should be understood as a solution of dissociated cations and anions in a suitable solvent.
• the electrolyte usually also contains the monomer to be polymerized and can also contain additives which are able to influence the course of the electropolymerization to be carried out or the properties of the products formed.
• the polymer formed grows on the anode and can be removed as a free-standing, compact film with sufficient thickness and mechanical quality.
• DE 3 226 278 describes a special process for the simple and economical production of in principle endless film-shaped polymers (especially polymers of pyrrole or pyrrole derivatives, possibly using certain comonomers) with electrical conductivity, in which the electrolysis is carried out continuously in a suitable electrolyte.
• a flat anode-active material is continuously carried out by the electrolyte solution used (e.g. a cylinder roller can be used as an anode), on which the polymer is deposited in film form and can then be removed.
• DE 3 226 278 also describes suitable electrolyte solutions. These contain organic polar electrolyte solvents as solvents (Alcohols, ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and methyltetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylene chloride, N-methylpyrrolidone and propylene carbonate are mentioned, as are mixtures of these solvents or also polyglycols which differ from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or Derive tetrahydrofuran, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol or ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, which are preferably in the form of complete polyethers by end group closure) and suitable conductive salts.
• solvents Alcohols, ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dioxan
• polypyrrole films of good quality are obtained in many cases, for example by using less nucleophilic, aprotic electrolyte solvents such as acetonitrile or propylene carbonate (cf. e.g. A.F. Diaz, J. Bargon, loc.cit.).
• aprotic electrolyte solvents such as acetonitrile or propylene carbonate (cf. e.g. A.F. Diaz, J. Bargon, loc.cit.).
• the object of the present invention was to develop novel electrolyte solvents and electrolytes derived therefrom which allow the electrochemical synthesis of film-shaped polymers of five-membered heterocycles or aromatic amines with high mechanical quality and high electrical conductivity.
• electrochemical film-shaped polymers of five-membered heterocycles and aromatic amines with high mechanical quality and high electrical conductivity can be obtained.
• the properties of corresponding polypyrrole films roughly match or even exceed those of very good polypyrrole films which were produced using acetonitrile or propylene carbonate.
• Film-shaped polymers of five-membered heterocycles and aromatic amines of particularly high quality are obtained if the electrolyte has a low pH, preferably a pH of 3 or less, by adding strong acids.
• the strong acids can be used alone, together with their salts or together with other salt-like compounds (as are mentioned, for example, in DE 3 226 278) as electrolyte conducting salts.
• aromatic sulfonic acids such as benzene or toluenesulfonic acid and its derivatives, is particularly recommended.
• suitable sulfones are aliphatic, open-chain or cyclic sulfones which are liquid under the process conditions.
• sulfones it is advisable not to use the sulfones alone, but also to use an auxiliary solvent.
• auxiliary solvent e.g. Glycols such as ethylene glycol (EG), polyglycols and polyglycol ethers have been proven.
• EG ethylene glycol
• polyglycols polyglycol ethers
• water can also be used, since the aforementioned solvents generally are miscible with water.
• HBs benzenesulfonic acid
• HNBu3Bs tributylammonium benzenesulfonate
• an electrolysis cell with plate-shaped metal electrodes made of a corrosion-resistant nickel alloy and arranged in parallel at a distance of 2 cm was used.
• An NGK 70 device from Rohde & Schwarz (output voltage 0 to 70 V, output current 0 to 1 A) was used as the direct current source.
• the cell voltage was measured using a PM 2521 Automatic Multimeter from Philips.
• the current density was 2 mA / cm2, the electrolysis time was 90 minutes. The electrolyte was not stirred.
• polypyrrole film strips (generally 10 mm wide, 70 mm long) were stretched at 100 mm / min based on DIN 53455.
• the extremely brittle film could not be detached compactly from the anode and therefore could not be characterized in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break.
• the electrolyte was not sufficiently stable and could therefore not be used for electrochemical film synthesis.
• the electrochemical film synthesis could not be carried out because extremely high cell voltages (»70 V) were required to set the lowest current densities (> 70 V), which could not be supplied by the power source used.
• the extremely brittle film could not be detached compactly from the anode and therefore could not be characterized in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
• Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)

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Citations (3)

• 1991
  • 1991-10-01 DE DE4132614A patent/DE4132614A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1992
  • 1992-09-21 DE DE59209087T patent/DE59209087D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-09-21 EP EP92116097A patent/EP0537504B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-10-01 JP JP4263379A patent/JPH05202172A/ja not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (3)

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