EP0550748B1 - Kaelteerzeugungsanlage mittels einer reaktion zwischen einem festen koerper und einem gas, und von kuehlmitteln versehener reaktor - Google Patents

Kaelteerzeugungsanlage mittels einer reaktion zwischen einem festen koerper und einem gas, und von kuehlmitteln versehener reaktor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0550748B1
EP0550748B1 EP92917729A EP92917729A EP0550748B1 EP 0550748 B1 EP0550748 B1 EP 0550748B1 EP 92917729 A EP92917729 A EP 92917729A EP 92917729 A EP92917729 A EP 92917729A EP 0550748 B1 EP0550748 B1 EP 0550748B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condenser
heat
reactor
installation
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92917729A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0550748A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Bernier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe National Elf Aquitaine
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Societe National Elf Aquitaine
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B35/00—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
    • F25B35/04—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for producing cold using a solid and a gas (or fluid).
  • the known installation implements for example a reaction between a salt such as Mncl 2 and a gas such as ammonia (NH 3 ), as described for example in French patent 2,615,601.
  • a salt such as Mncl 2
  • a gas such as ammonia (NH 3 )
  • This installation comprises one or more reactors containing the solid, which are connected to an evaporator and a condenser by pipes in which the gas circulates.
  • Solid / gas reaction installations of the aforementioned type comprise finned reactors cooperating with fans to cool them.
  • the invention can also be applied to cold production installations using adsorption between a solid such as a zeolite and a fluid such as water.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the refrigeration installations known above.
  • the invention thus relates to an installation for producing cold, implementing a reaction between a solid (s) and a gas (G), comprising at least two chambers (R1, R2) containing a solid (S1, S2) and comprising each of the cooling means, connected by tubing to a condenser whose role is to evacuate the heat of reaction or condensation outside, the heat transfers between the condenser and the chambers (Rl, R2) taking place by a fluid in phase change, the cooling means each comprising a heat exchanger having as cooling fluid the gas (G) used in the reaction with the solid (S).
  • the heat exchangers and the chambers are directly connected to the single condenser of the installation which forms the only element serving to condense the cooling fluid, as well as the reaction gas.
  • the thermal inertia of the reactor is much lower than in fan-cooled fin reactors.
  • a single condenser exchanger can cool several reactors, thereby reducing the size of the installation.
  • the heat dissipation can be located anywhere, which facilitates the installation of the installation, for example in a road vehicle.
  • the envelope defining an enclosure around the reactor provides thermal insulation which, in addition to reducing thermal losses, prevents the salt contained in the reactor from being at an insufficient temperature in relation to the temperature at very low outside temperatures. thermal equilibrium.
  • said condenser is connected to the enclosure by a first tube communicating with the lower part of the enclosure and provided with a valve, a second tube being connected to the upper part of the enclosure.
  • the refrigerant can be ammonia, when it is a reaction between a salt such as MnCL 2 and NH 3
  • a salt such as MnCL 2 and NH 3
  • the installation according to the invention is thus a very simple design. In addition, it contains only one fluid, namely ammonia, which facilitates filling.
  • ammonia has the advantage of having a high latent heat of vaporization and presents no risk of freezing or decomposition in a very wide range of temperatures.
  • the installation for producing cold implementing a reaction between a solid and a gas comprises a reactor R containing the solid S and connected to an evaporator E and a condenser C by pipes 100, 200 in which a fluid G circulates.
  • the means for cooling the reactor R comprise an envelope 300 surrounding the wall 400 of the reactor R and defining therewith a enclosure 500 filled with a refrigerant connected by pipes 600, 700 to a condenser 900 which is in heat exchange condition with a fan 110.
  • a fan 110 is also associated with the evaporator E and the condenser C.
  • the enclosure 500 thus constitutes an evaporator.
  • the condenser 900 is connected to the enclosure 500 by a first tubing 600 communicating with the lower part of the enclosure 500 and provided with a valve 111, a second tubing 700 being connected to the upper part of the enclosure 500.
  • the condenser 900 connected to the enclosure 500 is distinct from the condenser C which is connected to the reactor R and to the evaporator E.
  • the enclosure 500 and the condenser 900 thus replace the cooling fins known reactors.
  • the refrigerant G which circulates in the enclosure 500 is the same as that used for the implementation in the reactor R of the solid / gas reaction.
  • the enclosure 500 of the reactor R is connected by a tube 120 to the tank 130 of storage of said fluid G located between the evaporator E and the condenser C 1 .
  • This tubing 120 is provided with a valve 140 and communicates with the lower part of the enclosure 500.
  • the installation comprises only one condenser C 1 .
  • the enclosure 500 for cooling the reactor R is connected to a condenser C 1 by a pipe 150 which communicates with the upper part of this enclosure.
  • the single condenser C 1 has a heat exchange power greater than that (condenser C of FIG. 1) used when the cooling of the reactor R is ensured by means of a separate condenser.
  • the refrigerant used to cool the reactor R is ammonia.
  • the installation comprises an external source of energy 160 for heating the reactor R.
  • the reactor R comprises cooling fins 170 with which a fan 18 is associated.
  • heat exchange means 19 are provided which communicate by pipes 200, 210 with a tank 220 filled with a heat transfer fluid 230 which is heated by the external energy source 160.
  • the heat exchange means 190 are constituted by a tube 190a forming a coil inside the reactor R.
  • the heat transfer fluid 230 is heated so as to form an equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases, the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchange means 190 being by thermosyphon.
  • the fluid is water brought to about 200 ° C under a pressure equal to about 15.10 5 Pascals.
  • the energy source 160 can be supplied by heat recovery from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine.
  • This energy source can however be constituted by a gas or oil burner, by an electrical resistance or by a solar collector.
  • the refrigeration installation according to the invention comprises three solid / gas reactors R1, R2, R3 each containing a salt S1, S2, S3, such as manganese chloride.
  • Each reactor has an ammonia gas inlet / outlet 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 .
  • the reactor R1 receives thermal energy through the exchanger 3 1 which surrounds the reactor. This thermal energy comes from the heating source 31.
  • the latter brings a liquid (water for example) contained in a pressurized tank 29 to boiling.
  • the water vapor formed passes through the piping 28 and is directed to the manifold 12.
  • This vapor at a temperature of the order of 180 ° C enters via the pipe 27 in the exchanger 3 1 of the reactor R1, where it condenses by heating the reactor.
  • the condensed water then passes at the outlet of the exchanger by the magnetic valve 6 1 which is in the open position and goes by gravity to the manifold 14 which returns the water to the tank 29 through the piping 30 to form a new cycle.
  • the magnetic valve 7 1 is open allowing the desorption of the reactor R1 into ammonia.
  • the ammonia gas goes to the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the pipe 15. There, the gas condenses under the effect of the cooling of the outside air, using the fan 17.
  • the liquid formed is sent to the reserve 19 by the piping 18.
  • the reactor R2 in the absorption phase the magnetic valve 8 2 is open, which creates a suction of ammonia at the low temperature from the evaporator 22 to the inlet 2 2 of the reactor R2.
  • the evaporator 22 is supplied with liquid ammonia via an expansion device 21.
  • the valve 25 is a regulating valve making it possible to control the evaporation temperature in the evaporator 22 and consequently the production of cold .
  • the phase of absorption of ammonia by the salt in the reactor R2 is exothermic, which requires removing the heat produced by via the exchanger 4 2 of the reactor, the magnetic valve 52 then being in the open position.
  • the exchanger 4 2 is supplied at the bottom with ammonia liquid coming from the bottle 19 by gravity through the piping 26 and the manifold 13.
  • the condenser 16 the gaseous ammonia condenses thanks to the cooling of the outside air which circulates therein using the fan 17.
  • the liquid formed returns to the tank 19 to form a new cycle.
  • the R3 reactor is in the cooling phase.
  • the valve 5 3 is open and the exchanger 4 3 receives liquid ammonia coming from the reservoir 19.
  • the liquid vaporizes therein thus cooling the reactor from 180 ° C. to the condensing temperature of the condenser 16.
  • the vapor passes through the piping 93 and therefore goes into the condenser 16 via the manifold 11 and the piping 15.
  • the reactor R1 is in the cooling phase.
  • the reactor R2 is in the heating phase.
  • the R3 reactor is in the absorption phase.
  • the R1 reactor is in the absorption phase.
  • the reactor R2 is in the heating phase.
  • the R3 reactor is in the cooling phase.
  • the thermal energy received by the exchanger 31 can be provided either by a gas or oil burner or by any other source of heat at a sufficient temperature.
  • the cooling circuit of the reactors R1, R2, R3 is independent of the refrigeration circuit.
  • the installation includes a second condenser 42.
  • the pipes 9 1 , 9 2 , 9 3 leaving the exchangers 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 3 are connected to a collector 40 which is connected to the upper part of the condenser 42 by the pipe 41.
  • the liquid formed in the condenser 42 is poured into another tank 44 by the pipe 43.
  • the pipe 26 is in this case, connected to this tank 44 and allows the supply of liquid to the evaporator exchangers 41, 42 , 43 by the manifold 13 and the magnetic valves 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 .
  • the source of thermal energy comes from a heat recovery exchanger 46 supplied with 49 by a hot fluid, such as exhaust gases from a heat engine. After cooling in the exchanger 48, this fluid leaves the exchanger through the discharge 50.
  • the exchange surface is represented by 47. The heat has the effect of vaporizing the liquid coming from the reservoir 29 by gravity in the exchanger 46 by through the magnetic inlet valve 55 and the piping 45.
  • the steam formed in the exchanger 46 returns to the upper part of the tank 29 via the piping 48.
  • the pipes 45 and 48 connecting the tank 29 to the exchanger 46 can be fitted with automatic fittings 51, 52, 53, 54 to facilitate the installation of the system.
  • the exchanger 46 can also be a solar collector.
  • valves 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3 , ..., 6 1 , 6 2 , 6 3 and 55 can be replaced by thermal emulsifiers preventing during their operation the return of the liquid to the corresponding evaporator.
  • the invention is applicable in particular to the cooling of refrigerated trucks, to the air conditioning of all types of motor vehicles, to heating, to the production of hot water.
  • the condensers instead of being cooled by air, can be cooled by a water cooling circuit.
  • the invention also applies to the production of cold by adsorption between a solid and a fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Anlage zur Erzeugung von Kälte durch Durchführung einer Reaktion zwischen einem Feststoff (S) und einem Gas (G), mit wenigstens zwei Räumen (R1, R2), die einen Feststoff (S1, S2) enthalten und jeweils Kühleinrichtungen aufweisen, welche über Rohre (15, 26) mit einem Kondensator (16) verbunden sind, der dazu dient, die Reaktions- oder Kondensationswärme nach außen abzuführen, wobei die Wärmeübertragungen zwischen dem Kondensator und den Räumen (R1, R2) mittels eines Phasenumwandlungsfluids erfolgen und die Kühleinrichtungen jeweils einen Wärmeaustauscher umfassen, der als Kühlfluid das bei der Reaktion mit dem Feststoff (S) verwendete Gas (G) aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmeaustauscher und die Räume (R1, R2) direkt mit dem einzigen Kondensator der Anlage verbunden sind, der das einzige Element zum Kondensieren des Kühlfluids sowie des Reaktionsgases bildet.
  2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensator (16) mit einem Ventilator (17) in Wärmeaustauschbeziehung steht.
  3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mit einem Speicher (19) versehen ist, der über eine Rohrleitung (26) mit dem unteren Teil eines der Austauscher ( 41, 42) der Reaktoren verbunden ist.
  4. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 mit einer äußeren Energiequelle (31) zum Erwärmen der Reaktoren (R1, R2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie im Inneren der Reaktoren angeordnete Wärmeaustauscheinrichtungen (31, 32) aufweist, die über Rohre (28, 30) mit der Quelle (31) in Verbindung stehen.
  5. Anlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nur eine einzige Heizeinrichtung (31) für die Reaktoren vorgesehen und mit den Reaktoren (R1, R2, R3) über Ventile (61, 62, 63) verbunden ist, die eine Auswahl des zu erwärmenden Reaktors ermöglichen.
  6. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Flüssigkeitsleitung der Austauscher (41, 42, 43) Ventile (51, 52, 53) angebracht sind, die eine Auswahl des zu kühlenden Reaktors oder der zu kühlenden Reaktoren ermöglichen.
  7. Anlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Übertragungsfluid Ammoniak ist.
EP92917729A 1991-07-26 1992-07-24 Kaelteerzeugungsanlage mittels einer reaktion zwischen einem festen koerper und einem gas, und von kuehlmitteln versehener reaktor Expired - Lifetime EP0550748B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9109498A FR2679633B1 (fr) 1991-07-26 1991-07-26 Installation pour produire du froid par reaction solide/gaz, le reacteur comportant des moyens de refroidissement.
FR9109498 1991-07-26
PCT/FR1992/000736 WO1993003314A1 (fr) 1991-07-26 1992-07-24 Installation pour produire du froid par reaction solide/gaz, le reacteur comportant des moyens de refroidissement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0550748A1 EP0550748A1 (de) 1993-07-14
EP0550748B1 true EP0550748B1 (de) 1996-09-11

Family

ID=9415586

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92917729A Expired - Lifetime EP0550748B1 (de) 1991-07-26 1992-07-24 Kaelteerzeugungsanlage mittels einer reaktion zwischen einem festen koerper und einem gas, und von kuehlmitteln versehener reaktor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5335519A (de)
EP (1) EP0550748B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE142770T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2444292A (de)
DE (1) DE69213699T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2094366T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2679633B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1993003314A1 (de)

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US5628205A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-05-13 Rocky Research Refrigerators/freezers incorporating solid-vapor sorption reactors capable of high reaction rates
US5598721A (en) 1989-03-08 1997-02-04 Rocky Research Heating and air conditioning systems incorporating solid-vapor sorption reactors capable of high reaction rates
US5477706A (en) * 1991-11-19 1995-12-26 Rocky Research Heat transfer apparatus and methods for solid-vapor sorption systems
WO1994027098A1 (en) * 1993-05-11 1994-11-24 Rocky Research Improved heat transfer apparatus and methods for solid-vapor sorption systems
US5881573A (en) * 1994-10-06 1999-03-16 Electrolux Leisure Appliances Ab Refrigerating device with cooling unit working intermittently
JP3348336B2 (ja) * 1995-10-26 2002-11-20 株式会社豊田中央研究所 吸着ヒートポンプ
GB9613211D0 (en) * 1996-06-24 1996-08-28 Johnson Matthey Plc Improvements in heat transfer materials
DE19901094A1 (de) * 1999-01-14 2000-07-20 Zeolith Tech Sorberanordnung mit einer Sorptionsmittelfüllung
FR2816698B1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2004-05-28 Pierre Jeuch Dispositif de refrigeration par adsorption
AU2001287661B2 (en) 2000-07-06 2005-09-08 Thermagen Sa Adsorption refrigerating device
US6867064B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2005-03-15 Micron Technology, Inc. Method to alter chalcogenide glass for improved switching characteristics
FR2879727B1 (fr) * 2004-12-20 2012-12-14 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif pour la production de froid pour la climatisation d'un batiment
FR2965904B1 (fr) * 2010-10-07 2014-10-24 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Procede thermique mettant en oeuvre une pluralite de reacteurs de sorption
JP5770608B2 (ja) * 2011-11-30 2015-08-26 株式会社豊田中央研究所 車両用化学蓄熱システム、及びこれを備える車両用空調システム
EP2944489B1 (de) 2014-05-16 2020-05-06 Perkins Engines Company Limited Heiz- und Kühlsystem für ein Fahrzeug
JP6647223B2 (ja) * 2015-01-27 2020-02-14 古河電気工業株式会社 蓄熱容器及び蓄熱容器を備えた蓄熱装置
FR3034179B1 (fr) * 2015-03-23 2018-11-02 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Dispositif solaire de production autonome de froid par sorption solide-gaz.

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US1943968A (en) * 1930-12-22 1934-01-16 Safety Car Heating & Lighting Refrigeration system
DE569786C (de) * 1931-02-08 1933-02-08 Thore Martin Elfving Intermittierend arbeitende Absorptionskaeltemaschine
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US2269099A (en) * 1935-10-26 1942-01-06 Servel Inc Heat transfer system
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FR2539854A1 (fr) * 1983-04-22 1984-07-27 Cetiat Installation de refrigeration par adsorption sur un adsorbant solide et procede pour sa mise en oeuvre
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2679633A1 (fr) 1993-01-29
WO1993003314A1 (fr) 1993-02-18
FR2679633B1 (fr) 1997-12-12
US5335519A (en) 1994-08-09
ES2094366T3 (es) 1997-01-16
AU2444292A (en) 1993-03-02
ATE142770T1 (de) 1996-09-15
EP0550748A1 (de) 1993-07-14
DE69213699T2 (de) 1997-04-10
DE69213699D1 (de) 1996-10-17

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