EP0571703B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'articles moulés par la coulée de precision - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'articles moulés par la coulée de precision Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0571703B1
EP0571703B1 EP93100390A EP93100390A EP0571703B1 EP 0571703 B1 EP0571703 B1 EP 0571703B1 EP 93100390 A EP93100390 A EP 93100390A EP 93100390 A EP93100390 A EP 93100390A EP 0571703 B1 EP0571703 B1 EP 0571703B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling liquid
liquid
melt
boiling
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93100390A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0571703A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Folkers
Hans-Peter Nicolai
Helmut Rodehüser
Ulrich Steinrücken
Dietmar Henneke
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TiTAL GmbH
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TITAN-ALUMINIUM-FEINGUSS GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a metallic casting by the investment casting process, in particular a casting made of aluminum or an aluminum-containing alloy, by casting a melt of the metal in a ceramic mold with porous walls and cooling and solidifying the melt using a Coolant.
  • a wax model is usually produced from the cast body to be cast and a ceramic casting mold is formed from several layers by immersing the wax model several times in one or in different ceramic slurries. After the wax model has melted out and the porous casting mold thus produced has dried and fired, the metallic melt is poured into it. Complicated castings can be produced. The molds. which are removed after the solidification of the castings and destroyed in the process are correspondingly varied.
  • gaseous impurities such as hydrogen or oxygen
  • DE-OS 36 29 079 proposes a process in which pocket-shaped inserts are incorporated into the ceramic casting mold at the points to be cooled, into which before pouring steel gravel is poured as a coolant.
  • the steel gravel ensures due to its good thermal conductivity and its heat capacity, a preferential removal of the heat introduced by pouring the melt.
  • Castings with areas of preferred solidification can be produced with the known method.
  • the steel gravel lying against the mold wall heats up very quickly and thus loses its effectiveness with regard to rapid solidification as the melt cools down.
  • This effect is further enhanced by the fact that, due to its higher thermal expansion, the already solidified, metallic casting body is removed from the inner wall of the casting mold and the further heat dissipation is further slowed down by the gap which forms in the process.
  • the known method is therefore only suitable to a limited extent for rapid, preferred solidification of larger cast bodies or larger areas of a cast body.
  • the production of the molds provided with pocket-shaped inserts is also very complex, expensive and the molds designed in this way are relatively prone to breakage.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a simple and inexpensive method by which a high mechanical strength of the cast body can be achieved by influencing the cooling and solidification behavior of the melt poured into the investment casting mold.
  • a cooling liquid which gradually penetrates the mold wall is used as the coolant, the Boiling temperature is lower than the pouring temperature of the melt into which the casting mold is continuously immersed starting from one end, such; that the solidification front forming as the interface between the melt and already solidified metal and the penetration area in which the mold wall is penetrated by the cooling liquid over its thickness move essentially in the direction of the free melt surface, and that the rate of immersion of the mold in the Cooling liquid, the thickness and porosity of the mold wall and the viscosity and density of the cooling liquid are coordinated with one another in such a way that the penetration area lags behind the solidification front when viewed in the direction of movement of the solidification front.
  • the coolant contains a cooling liquid which gradually penetrates the mold wall and into which the mold is continuously immersed starting from one end, a directed and rapid solidification of the melt is achieved starting from one end.
  • the lower part of the casting mold, which is immersed in the cooling liquid is preferably cooled down to about the melting temperature.
  • the part of the mold wall protruding from the cooling liquid cools only slowly due to the low thermal conductivity of the ceramic mold wall material, so that in the course of immersing the mold, the heat introduced by pouring the melt into the mold is preferred over the already solidified, cooled metal and the already cooled part of the walls of the mold protruding into the cooling liquid is removed.
  • directional solidification can also cause the casting to be cleaned, which consists in that the solidification front moving from the bottom of the casting mold in the direction of the free melt surface is less soluble in the solidified material Pushes foreign substances up to the melting surface in front of them, which are accumulated in the area of the casting funnel and which therefore can no longer influence the actual casting.
  • the aim is to solidify the melt in a directed manner and to solidify as quickly as possible.
  • some properties of the ceramic, porous casting mold characteristic of the investment casting process prevent the melt from solidifying rapidly.
  • rapid cooling is made difficult by the poor thermal conductivity of the mold wall, on the other hand, when the melt is cooled by means of a cooling liquid into which the casting mold is immersed, due to the porosity of the casting mold, there is a risk that the cooling liquid will penetrate the casting mold wall and along with it the melt reacts.
  • the immersion speed of the casting mold in the cooling liquid, the thickness and the porosity of the casting mold wall as well as the viscosity and the density of the cooling liquid are coordinated with one another in such a way that the penetration area lags behind the solidification front in the direction of movement, that the coolant only comes into contact with metal that has already solidified.
  • the rapid evaporation that then occurs would destroy the surface of the solidifying cast body through the formation of bubbles.
  • the expression solidification front is understood to mean the interface between already fully solidified metal and an area that still contains melt. Depending on the cooling conditions currently prevailing, the solidification front can be curved in the direction of the melt surface or in the opposite direction. It is crucial that the penetration area, viewed in the direction of movement of the solidification front, runs below the solidification front, as is present in the area of the inner wall of the casting mold.
  • the process according to the invention allows the use of simple devices known per se for cooling metal melts by immersion in a cooling liquid, as described, for example, in DE-OS 33 39 118 are described and are referred to there as immersion casting devices.
  • castings can be produced by the precision casting process, which are directional and, moreover, solidified with a fine grain structure due to the accelerated heat dissipation and which therefore have a high mechanical strength.
  • a method has proven particularly useful in which a mixture of several liquids whose boiling temperatures differ from one another is used as the cooling liquid, with the proviso that the boiling temperature of the liquid boiling at a lower temperature is below the temperature at which decomposition of the liquid or liquids boiling at a higher temperature takes place.
  • the cooling liquid For example, an emulsion or a complete mixture of the liquids can be used as a mixture.
  • the proportion of liquid boiling at a lower temperature in the cooling liquid ensures that the temperature of the cooling liquid cannot rise above the boiling temperature of the lowest boiling liquid as long as a proportion of this lowest boiling liquid is present in the cooling liquid. This prevents decomposition of the higher-boiling part of the mixture of the coolant.
  • a substance which has a high heat of vaporization is advantageously chosen as the low-boiling liquid, while a substance with a high heat capacity is suitable as a liquid which boils at a higher temperature. It may be advantageous to preheat the cooling liquid if, for example, a component of the cooling liquid would be in solid or viscous form at room temperature and the heat introduced by immersing the hot mold in the cooling liquid would not be sufficient to liquefy the component sufficiently.
  • a cooling liquid has proven to be particularly advantageous in which an organic substance is chosen as the liquid boiling at a relatively higher temperature, the melting temperature of which is below 100 ° C. Due to the melting temperature of less than 100 ° C, heating of the cooling liquid before immersing the mold is superfluous or limited to relatively low temperatures below 100 ° C.
  • the proportion of liquid with a relatively low boiling point ensures a certain heat dissipation from the cooling liquid via the heat of vaporization of this liquid or these liquids, thereby preventing thermal decomposition of the organic liquid or organic liquids when the casting mold, which is heated to almost melting temperature, is immersed, and on the other hand
  • the organic liquid reduces the too rapid penetration of the lower-boiling liquids through the mold wall and their reaction with the still molten metal and thus, for example, the absorption of hydrogen by the solidifying metal.
  • Liquids boiling at a higher temperature are advantageous Liquids are used that have a relatively high heat capacity. Wax, glycol, ester and / or oil have proven suitable for this. Because of their easy flammability, these substances are used in an inert gas atmosphere. For this purpose, the method is expediently carried out in a closed container which is under an excess pressure of inert gas.
  • the setting of the immersion speed of the casting mold in the cooling liquid, the thickness of the casting mold wall and its porosity, the viscosity of the cooling liquid and its density essentially depend on the mass of the casting body to be cooled and the distribution of the mass in the casting mold.
  • the rate of immersion of the casting mold in the cooling liquid to a value between 10 mm / min and 200 mm / min
  • the thickness of the casting mold wall approximately uniformly to a value between 4 mm and 20 mm and their porosity in the range between 20 vol% and 65 vol%
  • the viscosity of the coolant when immersing the mold is between 1x10 -3 Pas and 1x10 -2 Pas
  • the average density of the coolant is between 0.7 g / cm 3 and 1 , 5 g / cm 3 is set.
  • a method in which the cooling liquid is fed in continuously and cooled and continuously discharged has proven particularly useful. This ensures both an approximately constant temperature and an approximately constant composition of the cooling liquid bath.
  • reference number 1 is assigned to a porous casting mold which is characteristic of the precision casting process and which is composed of a plurality of ceramic layers lying one above the other.
  • a melt 2 of a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is filled into the casting mold 1, the solidus temperature of which is approximately 570 ° C. and has a weight of approximately 2.8 kg.
  • the casting mold 1 is arranged on a plate-shaped carrier 3 and is located at the beginning of the cooling process within an annular heating jacket 4 and above a liquid level 5 of a cooling liquid 6.
  • the cooling liquid 6 is located inside a container 7 which has an inlet 8 and an outlet 9 for the cooling liquid 6 and an inlet 10 and an outlet 11 for a protective gas and which can be closed pressure-tight with a cover 12.
  • the plate-shaped carrier 3 is connected to a lowering cylinder 16 by means of a piston rod 13 which extends through a liquid-tight passage 15 arranged on the bottom 14 of the container.
  • the carrier 3, together with the casting mold 1 placed thereon and containing the melt 2 is conveyed at a predetermined speed of 60 mm / min. lowered into the coolant 6.
  • the Cooling liquid 6 is 25 l of an emulsion of wax and water, with a water content of 8.2% by weight.
  • the cooling liquid 6 is heated to a temperature of approximately 90 ° C. before the melt 2 is poured and has a viscosity of approximately 5 ⁇ 10 -2 Pas.
  • the density of the cooling liquid is approximately 0.99 g / cm 3 while the average density of the casting mold including the melt poured therein is approximately 2.15 g / cm 3 .
  • the container 7 is flushed with nitrogen and is under an overpressure of 3 bar.
  • the mold wall 17 has a porosity of approximately 30% by volume in the middle. Before the melt is poured in, it is preheated to approximately the melting temperature of the aluminum alloy. The mold wall 17 approximately assumes its temperature due to the melt 2 poured into the mold 1. By lowering the casting mold 1 into the cooling liquid 6, part of the water present in the cooling liquid 6 initially evaporates and thereby extracts heat from the casting mold wall 17. As a result, the melt 2 begins to solidify from the bottom 18 of the casting mold 1. At the same time, the coolant 6 gradually penetrates through the mold wall 17 or the bottom 18 of the mold 1. Between the outer mold 19 and the inner mold 20, a concentration gradient of coolant 6 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2 is shown schematically.
  • a transition region 25, in which, in addition to already solidified metal 24, there is also melt 2, can form, for example, if the composition of the alloy does not correspond to a eutectic. In the case, as shown in FIG.
  • this liquid which boils at a relatively low temperature, acts here, as it were, as a coolant for the cooling liquid 6 and in particular for the wax, the decomposition of which is thereby prevented.
  • the wax due to its high heat capacity, the wax is able to absorb a large part of the heat introduced into the cooling liquid 6 by the melt 2, and at the same time it prevents the water from evaporating too quickly and the low-viscosity water from penetrating too quickly through the porous mold wall 17. Due to the gradual penetration of the mold wall 17 with cooling liquid 6, the heat dissipation through the mold wall 17 increases steadily, so that in turn both the solidification is accelerated and the directional shape of the solidification is supported.
  • a cooling liquid 6 composed of 5 kg of quenching oil (Isorapid 455E) was mixed with 5% by weight of water and 10 kg of quenching oil (Isorapid 221E), mixed with 10% by weight of water, in the closed container 7 , filled and stirred.
  • this oil-water mixture has a viscosity of approx. 7x10 -3 Pas. The density at this temperature is approximately 0.89 g / cm 3 .
  • Immersed casting mold 1 which contains a melt 2 of a liquid, hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with a weight of 2.6 kg.
  • the weight of the casting mold 1 is 2.8 kg, its porosity is approximately 40% by volume and its thickness is 15 mm.
  • the melt 2 solidifies in an accelerated manner, specifically in a directional manner.
  • Bubble-free and void-free castings with a very good surface quality and very high mechanical strengths can be achieved by means of the method according to the invention.
  • tensile strengths of 360 N / mm 2 with a yield strength of 300 N / mm 2 and an elongation of 11% were determined for the selected hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un article métallique coulé selon le procédé de coulée de précision, en particulier d'un article coulé en aluminium ou en un alliage contenant de l'aluminium, par coulée d'un bain de fusion du métal dans un moule de coulée en céramique à parois poreuses et par refroidissement et solidification du bain de fusion avec emploi d'un agent de refroidissement, caractérisé par le fait que comme agent de refroidissement (6) on emploie un liquide de refroidissement (6) qui pénètre peu à peu dans la paroi (17) du moule de coulée, dont la température d'ébullition est inférieure à la température à laquelle on verse le bain de fusion et dans lequel on immerge de façon continue le moule de coulée en commençant par une extrémité, de façon que le front de solidification, qui se forme comme surface limite entre le bain de fusion et le métal déjà solidifié, et la zone de pénétration, dans laquelle la paroi (17) du moule de coulée est pénétrée sur son épaisseur par le liquide de refroidissement (6), se déplacent sensiblement en direction de la surface libre du bain de fusion, et que l'on accorde l'une sur l'autre la vitesse d'immersion du moule de coulée dans le liquide de refroidissement, l'épaisseur et la porosité de la paroi (17) du moule de coulée ainsi que la viscosité et la densité du liquide de refroidissement (6) de façon que, vu selon la direction du mouvement du front de solidification, la zone de pénétration soit en retard sur le front de solidification.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que comme liquide de refroidissement (6) on emploie un mélange de plusieurs liquides dont les températures d'ébullition sont différentes l'une de l'autre, avec la prescription que la température d'ébullition du liquide ayant la température d'ébullition la plus basse se situe en dessous de la température à laquelle se produit une décomposition du liquide ou des liquides à température d'ébullition la plus haute.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le liquide qui bout à la température la plus haute contient une substance organique dont la température de fusion est inférieure à 100°C.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que le liquide de refroidissement (6) contient de la cire, du glycol, de l'ester et/ou de l'huile.
  5. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le liquide de refroidissement (6) contient un liquide bouillant à température relativement basse, de préférence non supérieure à 100°C, dans une proportion valant entre 1% en poids et 50% en poids.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que comme liquide bouillant à température relativement basse, on emploie de l'eau.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'on prescrit la vitesse d'immersion du moule de coulée (1) dans le liquide de refroidissement (6) à une valeur entre 10 mm/min et 200 mm/min, l'épaisseur de la paroi (17) du moule de coulée, à peu près régulièrement à une valeur entre 4 mm et 20 mm et sa porosité sur la plage entre 20% en volume et 65% en volume, que la viscosité du liquide de refroidissement (6) lors de l'immersion du moule de coulée (1) vaut entre 1 x 10-3 Pa.s et 1 x 10-2 Pa.s et que l'on prescrit la densité du liquide de refroidissement (6) à une valeur entre 0.7 g/cm3 et 1,5 g/cm3.
  8. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'on chauffe le bain de fusion (2) situé audessus du niveau (5) du liquide de refroidissement.
  9. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'on amène en continu le liquide de refroidissement (6), refroidi et qu'on l'évacue en continu.
EP93100390A 1992-05-22 1993-01-13 Procédé de fabrication d'articles moulés par la coulée de precision Expired - Lifetime EP0571703B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4216870 1992-05-22
DE4216870A DE4216870C2 (de) 1992-05-22 1992-05-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Gußkörpers nach dem Feingußverfahren

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EP0571703A1 EP0571703A1 (fr) 1993-12-01
EP0571703B1 true EP0571703B1 (fr) 1996-11-13

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DE (2) DE4216870C2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10357618A1 (de) * 2003-12-10 2005-07-14 Hydro Aluminium Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gussteils aus einer Metallschmelze
EP2098314A1 (fr) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-09 TITAL GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger

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DE4313836A1 (de) * 1993-04-29 1994-11-03 Uwe Dipl Ing Kaeckenhoff Gießverfahren und Gießform
DE4321640C2 (de) * 1993-06-30 1998-08-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum gerichteten Erstarren einer Metallschmelze und Gießvorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung
GB9405944D0 (en) * 1994-03-25 1994-05-11 Univ Birmingham Casting method and apparatus
US6148899A (en) * 1998-01-29 2000-11-21 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Methods of high throughput pressure infiltration casting
DE19843354C1 (de) * 1998-09-22 2000-03-09 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Vorrichtung zum gerichteten Erstarren einer in eine Formschale gegossenen Metallschmelze sowie ein Verfahren hierzu
DE10063383C1 (de) * 2000-12-19 2002-03-14 Heraeus Gmbh W C Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohrtargets und Verwendung
DE10256837A1 (de) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-24 Titan-Aluminium-Feinguss Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Gußteiles
US8171981B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2012-05-08 Pcc Airfoils, Inc. Method of casting metal articles
DE102009010034A1 (de) 2009-02-21 2010-09-23 Actech Gmbh Verfahren und Gießanlage zur gerichteten Erstarrung eines Gusskörpers aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung
DE202009002512U1 (de) 2009-02-21 2009-04-16 Actech Gmbh Gießanlage zur gerichteten Erstarrung eines Gusskörpers
DE102009041162A1 (de) * 2009-09-11 2011-03-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussteils
CZ303307B6 (cs) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-25 Vysoké ucení technické v Brne Zpusob a zarízení pro zajištení rízené krystalizace a ochlazování odlitku, zejména hliníku a jeho slitin
WO2013003458A1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2013-01-03 Soleras Ltd. Cible de pulvérisation cathodique
PL216825B1 (pl) * 2011-08-19 2014-05-30 Inst Odlewnictwa Sposób wytwarzania odlewów precyzyjnych
US9452473B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-09-27 Pcc Structurals, Inc. Methods for casting against gravity
CN105170950A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-23 无锡环宇精密铸造有限公司 熔模精密铸造用水冷却浇铸方法
CN105598372A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2016-05-25 南昌航空大学 一种近液相线浇注的铝合金熔模铸造方法及熔模铸造装置

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10357618A1 (de) * 2003-12-10 2005-07-14 Hydro Aluminium Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gussteils aus einer Metallschmelze
WO2005056218A3 (fr) * 2003-12-10 2006-02-02 Wilfried Bender Procede pour produire une piece moulee a partir de metal en fusion
DE10357618B4 (de) * 2003-12-10 2008-01-24 Bender, Wilfried, Dr. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gussteils aus einer Metallschmelze
EP2098314A1 (fr) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-09 TITAL GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication de corps coulés métalliques selon le procédé de fusion de métal léger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4216870A1 (de) 1993-01-28
DE4216870C2 (de) 1994-08-11
EP0571703A1 (fr) 1993-12-01
DE59304459D1 (de) 1996-12-19

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