EP0585541A2 - Commutateur électrique à réglage de vitesse des moteurs - Google Patents

Commutateur électrique à réglage de vitesse des moteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0585541A2
EP0585541A2 EP93108632A EP93108632A EP0585541A2 EP 0585541 A2 EP0585541 A2 EP 0585541A2 EP 93108632 A EP93108632 A EP 93108632A EP 93108632 A EP93108632 A EP 93108632A EP 0585541 A2 EP0585541 A2 EP 0585541A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
speed
switch
electrical switch
switch according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93108632A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0585541B1 (fr
EP0585541A3 (fr
Inventor
Alois Schäffeler
Milan Cervenka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marquardt GmbH
Original Assignee
Marquardt GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marquardt GmbH filed Critical Marquardt GmbH
Publication of EP0585541A2 publication Critical patent/EP0585541A2/fr
Publication of EP0585541A3 publication Critical patent/EP0585541A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0585541B1 publication Critical patent/EP0585541B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
    • H01H9/061—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner enclosing a continuously variable impedance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
    • H01H9/063—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner enclosing a reversing switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch for regulating the speed of motors, in particular electric motors on electric hand tools, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Switches are often arranged on electric hand tools, such as drills, screwdrivers, and the like, which allow the speed to be adjusted between zero and a maximum speed.
  • the actuating member can be adjusted to different extents, the speed of the electric motor corresponding to the respective position of the actuating member being set and kept largely constant by means of an electronic circuit.
  • Such a switch is shown in DE-OS 41 21 264.
  • the speed can only be adjusted up to a preselectable maximum speed, which, on the one hand, is less than or equal to the maximum speed of the electric hand tool and, on the other hand, greater or equal to one minimum speed of the electrical hand tool, which is dependent on the switch design.
  • these switches have devices for presetting a maximum speed, which limit the adjustment path of the actuating member to a distance that is less than or equal to the maximum possible adjustment path.
  • such switches additionally have a mechanical locking device with which the actuating member can be fixed in approximately the position corresponding to the preselected highest speed. Then the user does not need to hold the actuator of the switch in continuous operation of the electric hand tool.
  • a locking device is known from DE-OS 24 10 871.
  • the user when drilling, the user can first preset the highest speed that is adapted to the material to be drilled at the switch.
  • the actuator can then be gently tapped and the drill speed increased up to this preselected maximum speed. In the position of the preselected highest speed, the actuator can then be locked so that the user no longer has to hold the actuator when drilling further.
  • Electric hand tools can often be operated in two opposite directions of rotation, ie they have clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation.
  • screws can be screwed in and out of a material.
  • a is on the switch Additional switch arranged, which is preferably operated by means of an actuating lever arranged in the vicinity of the actuator.
  • So-called universal motors are generally used for electric hand tools.
  • the brushes that supply the armature with current through the collector are adjusted at a certain angle from the neutral position in order to increase the torque and thus the power in clockwise rotation.
  • this brush position is extremely unfavorable and can lead to so-called brush fire when the power is fully consumed, which can ultimately destroy the brushes and the collector and consequently lead to the premature failure of the entire motor.
  • clockwise rotation is the standard operation for an electric hand tool, one generally does not want to do without the increase in performance achieved by adjusting the brushes.
  • the locking device has a user-operated spring-loaded latch, which can then engage in a recess in the device for presetting a maximum speed when the actuator is brought into the position corresponding to this maximum speed.
  • the bolt When the locking device is actuated, the bolt then holds the actuating member in this position.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the electrical switch for speed control of motors so that an indissoluble hooking of the locking device in counterclockwise rotation with speed limitation can no longer occur.
  • the non-detachable interlocking which occurs in conventional switches in the counterclockwise rotation in certain positions of the actuating member and when the locking device is actuated is due to the fact that, due to the effective stop in the actuating member which is located in the device for limiting the speed in the counterclockwise rotation, the game between the bolt of the locking device and the recess on the device for presetting a maximum speed is eliminated or at least becomes so small that the bolt can no longer be released from the recess.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the locking of the actuating member in the counterclockwise direction is prevented.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that an otherwise possible uselessness of the switch can no longer occur due to the prevention of jamming of the locking device in counterclockwise rotation with speed limitation and the associated accident risks are effectively eliminated.
  • An electrical switch 1 for regulating the speed of electric motors which is used in particular in electric hand tools with clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation, such as drills, rotary hammers, and the like. the like, is used, is shown schematically in Fig. 1.
  • the switch 1 has a switch housing 2, in which a circuit board 3 is arranged.
  • the electrical and electronic components 4 of a circuit arrangement for the speed control of the electric motor are located on the printed circuit board 3.
  • This circuit arrangement can be a phase control which is known per se, as described, for example, in DE-OS 29 14 496.
  • the switch 1 shown in FIG. 1 also has an actuating element designed as a pusher 5, which is adjustably mounted on the switch housing 2, and an actuating plunger 6 attached to it and leading into the interior of the switch 1.
  • the pusher 5 can be moved manually in the direction of the arrow 7 'are moved against a compression spring, not shown, so that it returns to the starting position according to arrow 7 after release.
  • the switch 1 there is a contact rocker 8, by means of which an electrical contact is made when the push button 5 is actuated.
  • a switching cam 9 located on the actuating plunger 6 acts on one end 10 of the contact rocker 8, so that the contact connection between the other end 10 'of the contact rocker 8 and the connection contact 11 is opened.
  • the switching cam 9 releases the end 10 of the contact rocker 8 and a tension spring 12 pulls the other end 10 'of the contact rocker 8 to the connection contact 11, so that the electrical connection is now closed.
  • an extension 13 with a grinder 14 attached to it is arranged on the actuating plunger 6.
  • One end of this grinder 14 slides on a resistance track 15 located on the printed circuit board 3, with which the grinder 14 and the resistance track 15 form a potentiometer 16.
  • the electrical resistance corresponding to the respective position of the potentiometer 16, which is thus correlated to the respective position of the push button 5, is used for speed adjustment and control of the electric motor by means of the circuit arrangement located on the printed circuit board 3.
  • the respective speed of the electric motor is dependent on the position of the pusher 5 and can be set up to a maximum speed, which corresponds to the maximum possible displacement of the pusher 5 in the direction 7 'and at which the full voltage is applied to the electric motor.
  • a preselectable maximum speed which is on the one hand less than or equal to the maximum speed and on the other hand greater than or equal to a minimum speed depending on the switch design.
  • This can be the case with drilling machines, for example in screwdriver operation, where the speed when screwing on is increased from zero to a preselected greatest speed, the preselected greatest speed depending on the material of the workpiece, the size of the screw and the like.
  • the electrical switch 1 has a device for presetting a maximum speed, which is between the minimum and maximum speed.
  • This device for presetting a maximum speed has an adjusting wheel 21 which is rotatably mounted on the front of the pusher 5 and which allows the maximum speed to be preselected by means of a rotary setting.
  • the adjusting wheel 21 can be used to linearly adjust a slide 22 provided with a stop cam 23, which is guided in a recess 26 on a lateral surface of the switch housing 2.
  • a threaded screw 24 projecting into the inside of the pusher 5 is connected to the adjusting wheel 21 and engages in a threaded counterpart 25 of the pusher 22 located on the end of the pusher 22 facing the pusher 5.
  • the slide 22 and thus also the stop cam 23 can then be adjusted in the direction of the arrows 7 and 7 'by rotating the adjusting wheel 21.
  • the slide 22, which is connected to the pusher 5 via the threaded screw 24 and the threaded counterpart 25, is also moved in the direction of the arrow 28 in the recess 26.
  • the pusher 5 can then be moved until the stop cam 23 comes to rest against the front surface 44 of the switch housing 2. In this position, the electric motor runs at the highest speed selected by the setting wheel 21.
  • the trigger 5 can run through the full adjustment path when actuated until the stop cam 23 comes to rest comes to the front surface 44 of the switch housing 2.
  • the preselected highest speed is thus the maximum speed.
  • the stop cam 23 is set with the help of the adjusting wheel 21 away from the inner surface of the pusher 5 in the direction of the switch housing 2, then the pusher 5 can only part of its full adjustment path until the stop cam 23 abuts the front surface 44 of the switch housing Run through 2 so that the preselected highest speed is less than the maximum speed.
  • the minimum speed that can be set with the setting wheel 21 is consequently determined by the extent to which the stop cam 23 can be set in the direction of the switch housing 2 by means of the setting wheel 21.
  • the electrical switch 1 also has a locking device for mechanically locking the actuating member in the position which corresponds to the preselected highest speed.
  • the locking device consists of a locking lever 30 shown in greater detail in FIGS. 2 and 3, which cooperates with the slide 22, and a guide sleeve 29.
  • the guide sleeve 29 is arranged on the side surface 45 of the switch housing 2 in the region of the end of the recess 26 facing the pusher 5 such that it engages over the recess 26, as a result of which the slide 22 can be moved freely in the recess 26 by the guide sleeve 29.
  • the locking pusher 30 is movably mounted in the guide sleeve 29 against the force of a compression spring, not shown, in the direction perpendicular to the side surface 45 of the switch housing 2 and has a mandrel 32 facing the recess 26, which ends in a thickened end 33, as shown in FIGS 6 and 7 can be seen.
  • the slide 22 is in turn provided with a recess 31, which is located in the region of the guide sleeve 29 when the pusher 5 is moved up to the maximum speed preselected by means of the adjusting wheel 21.
  • the mandrel 32 can engage in the recess 31 by pressing in the locking lever 30, which is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. If the pusher 5 is now released, it tries to move back with the slide 22 due to the spring pressure in the direction of the arrow 7, but the thickened end 33 hooks into the recess 31, as can be seen in more detail in FIG. 7, and so the further movement of the push button 5 ends. In this position, the pusher 5 then remains locked and the electric motor runs at the preselected highest speed without the pusher 5 having to be held manually.
  • the pusher 5 is pressed again in the direction of the arrow 7 ', the slide 22 likewise moving in the direction of the arrow 7' according to FIG. 7, which is possible because the recess 31 is dimensioned larger than the size of the mandrel 32 by an appropriate overtravel 35. Due to the spring pressure exerted on the locking lever 30, the thickened end 33 jumps out of the recess 31, whereby the locking is released so that the lever 5 can be freely moved back in the direction of the arrow 7 (see FIG. 1 or 2).
  • a changeover switch 18 for the right-left running of the electric motor is also latched, as can be seen in more detail in FIG. 2.
  • This switch 18 has a switch lever 19 which protrudes slightly above the pusher 5.
  • the switch lever 19 can be moved in two positions, namely in a first for clockwise rotation and in a second for counterclockwise rotation.
  • the circuit to the electric motor is connected via leads which are connected to the plug contacts 20 so that the electric motor runs on the right or left.
  • the brushes of the electric motors which are used in particular in electric hand tools, are generally set for the clockwise rotation from the neutral position in a preferred direction, which increases the torque in the clockwise rotation. However, this reduces the power that can be achieved in counterclockwise rotation without overloading the electric motor.
  • the electrical switch 1 also has a device for limiting the speed in the counterclockwise rotation to a speed that is less than the maximum speed is, namely usually to a speed that is approximately half of the maximum speed. This device has a stroke limit stop 36 which is fastened inside the pusher 5.
  • the device for preventing locking in counterclockwise rotation Integrated in this device for limiting the speed in counterclockwise rotation is the device for preventing locking in counterclockwise rotation.
  • the stroke limit stop 36 and the stop cam 23 in counterclockwise rotation cooperate with the corresponding stops on the device for preventing locking in the counterclockwise rotation, which consist of a protruding projection 42 and a stop pin 43, as will be explained in more detail below, so that the The largest possible adjustment path of the pusher 5 in the counterclockwise rotation is preferably limited to approximately half the maximum possible adjustment path in the clockwise rotation. Consequently, a reduction in the maximum speed in counterclockwise rotation is achieved.
  • the device for preventing locking in the counterclockwise rotation consists of a lever 37 which is rotatably mounted in a recess 40 on the top 17 of the switch housing 2 by means of a pin 38 engaging in a hole in the switch housing 2.
  • a pin can of course also be attached to the top 17 of the switch housing 2 and this pin can engage in a hole in the lever 37.
  • the lever 37 has two lever arms running parallel to the upper side 17 of the switch housing 2 in the recess 40, the first lever arm 34 in the direction facing away from the handle 5 and the second lever arm 34 'in the direction facing towards the handle 5 is arranged (see also Fig. 8).
  • the second lever arm 34 ′ of the lever 37 ends on the side opposite the pin 38 approximately at the front edge of the switch housing 2. At this end an arm 41 extends approximately 90 degrees and runs parallel to the front surface 44 of the switch housing 2 (see also also Fig. 2).
  • This arm 41 has a protruding projection 42, which is located approximately at the same height as the stroke limitation stop 36 and extends essentially parallel to the second lever arm 34 ′ of the lever 37.
  • the approximately rectangular cross section of the angled arm 41 forms an angle ⁇ with the second lever arm 34 'of the lever 37, as can be seen in FIG. 8. This is preferably located Angle ⁇ at approximately 120 to 150 degrees. This has the advantage that the angled arm 41 in the counterclockwise position with its surface facing the switch housing 2 lies against the entire front surface of the switch housing 2 and can be supported there (compare FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • the changeover switch 18 is in the counterclockwise direction and the adjusting wheel 21 is preset to one extreme position, namely maximum speed, as a result of which the stop cam 23 on the slide 22 is in its position closest to the pusher 5. If the pusher 5 is now moved according to the direction arrow 7 ', the stroke limit stop 36 comes into contact with the protruding shoulder 42 of the lever 37. As a result, the pusher 5 can no longer be moved and the greatest speed that can be set by actuating the pusher 5 becomes Counterclockwise rotation is limited to a lower speed than the maximum speed.
  • the size of the stroke limit stop 36 and the protruding shoulder 42 is selected so that this maximum adjustable speed in the left-hand rotation is approximately half the maximum speed.
  • the thickened end 33 of the mandrel 32 of the locking lever 30 can engage in the recess 31 on the slide 22 in none of these positions, so that the locking device engages in all presettable positions of the adjusting wheel 21 in the counterclockwise direction is prevented.
  • the locking device engages in all presettable positions of the adjusting wheel 21 in the counterclockwise direction is prevented.
  • the size of the stroke limit stop 36 is coordinated with the protruding shoulder 42 for counterclockwise rotation so that the stroke limit stop 36 does not yet touch the front surface of the switch housing 2 or at most just touches it when the trigger 5 is set for maximum speed in clockwise rotation. A reduction in the speed due to the stroke limit stop 36 can therefore not occur in clockwise rotation and the maximum adjustment path of the pusher 5 is only determined by the abutment cam 23 resting on the front surface 44 of the switch housing 2, as already described above.

Landscapes

  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP93108632A 1992-07-31 1993-05-28 Commutateur électrique à réglage de vitesse des moteurs Expired - Lifetime EP0585541B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4225287A DE4225287A1 (de) 1992-07-31 1992-07-31 Elektrischer Schalter zur Drehzahlregulierung von Motoren
DE4225287 1992-07-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0585541A2 true EP0585541A2 (fr) 1994-03-09
EP0585541A3 EP0585541A3 (fr) 1994-11-17
EP0585541B1 EP0585541B1 (fr) 1997-09-10

Family

ID=6464521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93108632A Expired - Lifetime EP0585541B1 (fr) 1992-07-31 1993-05-28 Commutateur électrique à réglage de vitesse des moteurs

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0585541B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4225287A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2110026T3 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4410312C2 (de) * 1994-03-25 2000-01-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Handwerkzeugmaschine mit Potentiometer und Verfahren zum Einstellen des Potentiometers
DE10334884A1 (de) * 2003-07-29 2005-03-10 Alexander Muehlhaeuser Schaltelement für die Drehrichtungs- und Drehzahlwahl von Elektrohandwerksmaschinen insbesondere Akkubohrmaschinen
US10052733B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2018-08-21 Ingersoll-Rand Company Lighting systems for power tools
US10418879B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2019-09-17 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power tool user interfaces
US10615670B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-04-07 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool user interfaces
US10668614B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-06-02 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact tools with ring gear alignment features
US11260517B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2022-03-01 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool housings
US11491616B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2022-11-08 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tools with user-selectable operational modes

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4445339A1 (de) * 1994-12-19 1996-06-20 Kopp Heinrich Ag Vorrichtung für das Schalten eines Elektromotors, insbesondere zum Abbremsen eines Elektrowerkzeuges
DE19635102B4 (de) * 1996-08-30 2006-01-19 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US297744A (en) * 1884-04-29 Cuff-holder
US3781579A (en) * 1973-01-03 1973-12-25 Black & Decker Mfg Co Protected lock means for electrically-operated,hand-manipulated tools
DE2629722C3 (de) * 1976-07-02 1981-04-23 Scintilla Ag, Solothurn Handbetätigbare Einbauschaltvorrichtung für elektrische Maschinen, insbesondere Handbohrmaschinen
DE2755960A1 (de) * 1977-12-15 1979-06-21 Licentia Gmbh Motorisch angetriebenes heimwerkergeraet
DE3342412A1 (de) * 1983-11-24 1985-06-05 Black & Decker Inc., Newark, Del. Schalteranordnung fuer den drehrichtungsumschalter eines elektrowerkzeugs, insbesondere einer bohr- oder schlagbohrmaschine
DE4006466A1 (de) * 1990-03-01 1991-09-05 Black & Decker Inc Schalter

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4410312C2 (de) * 1994-03-25 2000-01-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Handwerkzeugmaschine mit Potentiometer und Verfahren zum Einstellen des Potentiometers
DE10334884A1 (de) * 2003-07-29 2005-03-10 Alexander Muehlhaeuser Schaltelement für die Drehrichtungs- und Drehzahlwahl von Elektrohandwerksmaschinen insbesondere Akkubohrmaschinen
US10052733B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2018-08-21 Ingersoll-Rand Company Lighting systems for power tools
US10418879B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2019-09-17 Ingersoll-Rand Company Power tool user interfaces
US10615670B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-04-07 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool user interfaces
US10668614B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-06-02 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact tools with ring gear alignment features
US11260517B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2022-03-01 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool housings
US11491616B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2022-11-08 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tools with user-selectable operational modes
US11602832B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-03-14 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Impact tools with ring gear alignment features
US11707831B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-07-25 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool housings
US11784538B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-10-10 Ingersoll-Rand Industrial U.S., Inc. Power tool user interfaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4225287A1 (de) 1994-02-03
ES2110026T3 (es) 1998-02-01
EP0585541B1 (fr) 1997-09-10
EP0585541A3 (fr) 1994-11-17
DE59307318D1 (de) 1997-10-16

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