EP0589226B1 - Brûleur pour combustibles liquides ou gazeux - Google Patents

Brûleur pour combustibles liquides ou gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0589226B1
EP0589226B1 EP93113542A EP93113542A EP0589226B1 EP 0589226 B1 EP0589226 B1 EP 0589226B1 EP 93113542 A EP93113542 A EP 93113542A EP 93113542 A EP93113542 A EP 93113542A EP 0589226 B1 EP0589226 B1 EP 0589226B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
baffle plate
air
mixing tube
combustion
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93113542A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0589226A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Dr.-Ing. Wiedemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koerting Hannover GmbH
Original Assignee
Koerting Hannover GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koerting Hannover GmbH filed Critical Koerting Hannover GmbH
Publication of EP0589226A1 publication Critical patent/EP0589226A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0589226B1 publication Critical patent/EP0589226B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-NO x burner for liquid or gaseous fuels, with a mixing tube as a passage for the combustion air and with a baffle plate arranged in the front region of the mixing tube, which is perpendicular to the axis of the mixing tube and is axially displaceable in the mixing tube, wherein the baffle plate is provided with a central opening for introducing part or all of the fuel and a first part of the combustion air (core air) into the combustion chamber and with radial oblique slots for the tangential introduction of a second part of the combustion air (swirl air) into the combustion chamber and a collar has on its outer circumference, between which and the inner wall of the mixing tube, a third part of the combustion air (axial air) can be introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • a baffle plate is provided with a central opening for introducing part or all of the fuel and a first part of the combustion air (core air) into the combustion chamber and with radial oblique slots for the tangential introduction of
  • the baffle plate is arranged within the mixing tube so that the combustion air hits the baffle plate from behind, partly through the central opening, partly through the radial oblique slots and partly through the space between the collar on the outer periphery of the baffle plate and the mixing tube into the combustion chamber reached.
  • the mixing tube tapers inwards, so that the baffle plate is axially displaced within the Mixing tube, the distance between the baffle plate collar and the conically tapered front end of the mixing tube, and thus the amount of air supplied, can be varied.
  • the arrangement of the baffle plate in the combustion air space has the purpose of stabilizing the flame and ensuring good mixing of fuel and air and thus achieving the most complete possible combustion of the fuel with a stable flame shape.
  • This intermixing is brought about on the one hand by the proportion of combustion air introduced tangentially through the radial oblique slots and on the other hand by a backflow which forms behind the baffle plate and through which combustion gases are returned to the flame root.
  • a burner is known in which the baffle plate is firmly installed in a guide tube, in such a way that a fixed, small annular gap remains between these two components.
  • the guide tube forms, together with the baffle plate, the fuel line, etc., a structural unit which is held coaxially and displaceably in the flame tube by means of elastic spacers.
  • a second, variable annular gap is formed between the outside diameter of the guide tube and the inside diameter of the mouth of the flame tube.
  • DE-A-28 09 933 describes another burner whose baffle plate has a central opening, but which only serves to pass the fuel, and is sealed off from the combustion air.
  • the mixing tube of this burner is bent radially inwards in the region of its mouth and then obliquely outwards upstream, as a result of which a hollow cylinder is formed.
  • In the jacket of this hollow cylinder in the vicinity of the mouth of the mixing tube, there are several radial bores distributed over the circumference intended.
  • the upstream end of the hollow cylinder runs out as a diverging end cone.
  • the total air flow flows to the combustion zone via the annular gap, the radial bores in the hollow cylinder and the swirl slots in the baffle plate.
  • the invention has for its object to design a mixing device of the type described above so that the pollutants in the exhaust gas, in particular the NO x content, are significantly reduced.
  • the object is achieved by means of a burner of the type mentioned in that a conically tapering annular body is arranged between the collar of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the mixing tube, which divides the third part of the combustion air into two partial flows, and that in the way of between the annular body and the partial flow of the mixing tube, a plurality of nozzles are arranged in an end face of the mixing tube.
  • the inner partial flow is fed as axial air between the baffle plate collar and the inner surface of the ring body of the primary combustion zone, in addition, part of the remaining combustion air also reaches the primary zone as radial air via the radial annular gap between the end surface of the ring body and the inner surface of the mixing tube end surface.
  • the radial flow accelerated radially in the annular gap constricts the swirl flow formed from core, swirl and axial air, which increases the return of hot, largely burned-out exhaust gases. This causes the fuel to heat up more quickly and the oxygen content in the fuel-rich primary zone to be reduced, thereby reducing the fuel and thermal NO x .
  • the remaining combustion air is fed to the secondary zone as stage air via the nozzles in the face of the mixing tube, axially or slightly inclined inwards. Due to the high axial impulse of the individual jets, exhaust gas is sucked out of the combustion chamber and mixed into the air jet in such a way that air and exhaust gas are largely mixed before entering the secondary zone.
  • the division between the axial and radial air can be adjusted by axially displacing the annular body, as a result of which the inflow angle of the mixture of axial and radial air can be adjusted.
  • a higher proportion of radial air intensifies the constriction and reduces the NO x emission via the stronger internal backflow. It may be appropriate that the annular gap between the ring body and the inner edge of the mixing tube face is inclined forward.
  • nozzles are arranged in the end face of the mixing tube, which extend axially or are inclined slightly inwards, so that the air flowing out of them is directed towards the center line of the mixing device.
  • the arrangement of the ring body makes it possible to pull the end face of the mixing tube inward beyond the diameter of the baffle plate without the inside of the end face being hit by oil droplets in an oil burner.
  • an attachment pipe for targeted exhaust gas recirculation is preferably provided in front of the mixing pipe.
  • a throttle chamber with an adjustable inlet area on the inflow side of the baffle plate in order to reduce the pressure in front of the baffle plate at higher blower pressures.
  • a throttle device between the baffle plate and the sinker body in order to reduce the speed of the axial air at high fan pressures.
  • the drawing shows a mixing tube 1 which tapers slightly conically at the front end 2 and opens into an end face 15 and in which a fuel lance 3 with a fuel nozzle 4 is arranged centrally, for example in the case of liquid fuel.
  • a baffle plate 6 is fastened with struts 5, which is axially displaceable with the fuel lance in the mixing tube 1, and which is provided with a collar 7 on its circumference in a known manner.
  • the baffle plate 6 has in the usual way a central opening 8 as a passage for part or all of the fuel and a first part 9 of the combustion air, which is also referred to as core air. Ignition also takes place in the area of the core air.
  • This swirl air in conjunction with the blockage by the baffle plate, stabilizes the flame immediately in front of the baffle plate by recirculating hot combustion gases.
  • the invention now provides an annular body 13 between the collar 7 of the baffle plate and the inner surface of the mixing tube 1, which divides the third part 12 of the combustion air into two partial flows.
  • One partial flow runs as an axial air 14 between the baffle plate collar 7 and the conically tapering inner surface of the body 13 into the primary combustion chamber, the baffle plate 6 being axially displaceable in order to meter the axial air 14 and to adapt it to the burner's required output.
  • the other partial flow 17 runs outside the ring body 13.
  • the end face of the ring body 13 forms with the inside of the mixing tube end face 15 a radial annular gap 18, through which a part 17a of the air flow is accelerated radially.
  • the remaining combustion air approximately 30 to 70%, preferably 50% of the stoichiometric amount of air, passes in individual jets 17b through the nozzles 16 into the secondary combustion zone.
  • the ring body 13 is axially displaceably mounted in a guide in the mixing tube 1, so that the division between the axial air 14 and the radial air for a specific baffle plate position 17a, and thus the inflow angle, of the total flow 14 and 17a can be set. In extreme cases, the axial or radial air can be completely reduced.
  • the inner edge of the end face 15 is sufficiently far outside with respect to the central opening 8 of the baffle plate, so that e.g. with liquid fuels there is no danger of droplets hitting the inside of the end face.
  • the inner edge of the end face 15 can therefore also be pulled in further than shown.
  • the radial air flow 17a increases the internal recirculation, while the air jets 17b enter the secondary zone at high speed as step air, the exhaust gases sucked in from the combustion chamber being mixed into the air jets before they reach the flame.
  • the two air streams 17a and 17b thus provide for a reduction in the oxygen content in the primary zone and for a large decrease in temperature in the secondary zone, thereby increasing fuel NO x and thermal NO, by increasing the internal backflow in the primary zone and the external backflow of exhaust gas x strongly reduced.
  • a recirculation tube 19 can be provided in a known manner on the outside in front of the mixing tube 1, which reduces the oxygen content of the exhaust gases that are sucked back and increases the momentum exchange, which results in high efficiency because the amount of exhaust gas penetrates the flame early.
  • a throttle chamber 20 can be arranged with which the pressure on the baffle plate is reduced and thus the ignition and flame stability are improved at high blower pressures.
  • the pressure can be made adjustable by changing the entry surface into the chamber.
  • a throttle 21 can be provided on the baffle plate collar 7 in order to reduce the speed of the axial air at high blower pressures.
  • the nozzles 16 do not have to be inclined inwards, but that their axes can also run parallel to the central axis of the mixing tube 1. In addition, it is possible to align only a part of the nozzles parallel to the axis and to arrange the remaining nozzles at an incline.
  • the invention is not limited to oil burners, but can also be used in burners for gaseous fuels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Brûleur pour combustibles liquides ou gazeux, comportant un tube mélangeur (1) constituant un passage pour l'air de combustion, et un déflecteur d'air (6) situé dans la zone avant du tube mélangeur (1), perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube mélangeur (1) et pouvant être décalé axialement dans le tube mélangeur (1), le déflecteur d'air (6) présentant un orifice central pour introduction, dans la chambre de combustion, d'une partie ou de l'ensemble du combustible et d'une première partie de l'air de combustion (air du noyau central) (9), pourvu de fentes obliques (10) pour introduction tangentielle, dans la chambre de combustion, d'une deuxième partie de l'air de combustion (air tourbillonnaire) (11) et présentant aussi un collet (7) de manière qu'entre celui-ci et la paroi intérieure du tube mélangeur (1) puisse être introduite, dans la chambre de combustion, une troisième partie de l'air de combustion (air axial), entre le collet (7) du déflecteur d'air (6) et la paroi intérieure du tube mélangeur (1) étant prévu un corps annulaire (13) s'amincissant coniquement, qui subdivise la troisième partie de l'air de combustion (12) en deux courants partiels (14, 17) et, sur le trajet du courant partiel (17) passant entre le corps annulaire (13) et le tube mélangeur (1), étant prévues plusieurs buses (16) dans une surface frontale (15) du tube mélangeur (1).
  2. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps annulaire (13) est logé dans le tube mélangeur (1) décalable axialement.
  3. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la fente annulaire (18), entre le corps annulaire (13) et le bord intérieur de la surface frontale (15) du tube mélangeur, est inclinée obliquement en avant.
  4. Brûleur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la surface frontale (15) du tube mélangeur comporte environ de cinq à dix buses (16) et en ce que les buses sont dimensionnées de façon que 30 à 70 %, de préférence 50 %, de l'air de combustion stoechiométrique passent par les buses.
  5. Brûleur suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les buses (16) sont orientées axialement ou sont inclinées d'un même angle, légèrement vers l'intérieur.
  6. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface frontale (15) du tube mélangeur (1) est étendue vers l'intérieur au-delà du diamètre de l'écran d'étranglement.
  7. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, d'une manière connue en soi, extérieurement devant le tube mélangeur (1), est prévu un tube additionnel (19) pour recyclage des gaz d'échappement.
  8. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, sur le côté soufflé du déflecteur d'air (6, 7), est prévue une chambre d'étranglement (20) comportant une surface d'entrée réglable.
  9. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'entre le déflecteur d'air (6, 7) et le corps annulaire (13), est prévu un dispositif d'étranglement (21) pour réduire, en cas de pression de soufflage élevée, la vitesse de l'air axial (14).
EP93113542A 1992-09-23 1993-08-25 Brûleur pour combustibles liquides ou gazeux Expired - Lifetime EP0589226B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4231788 1992-09-23
DE4231788A DE4231788A1 (de) 1992-09-23 1992-09-23 Brenner für flüssige oder gasförmige Brennstoffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0589226A1 EP0589226A1 (fr) 1994-03-30
EP0589226B1 true EP0589226B1 (fr) 1997-03-05

Family

ID=6468595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93113542A Expired - Lifetime EP0589226B1 (fr) 1992-09-23 1993-08-25 Brûleur pour combustibles liquides ou gazeux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0589226B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE149661T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4231788A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT400259B (de) * 1993-11-29 1995-11-27 Schwarz A & Co Mischeinrichtung für öl- oder gasbrenner
DE19509854C2 (de) * 1994-09-28 2001-01-04 Abig Werke Carry Gross Gmbh Heizvorrichtung zum Verbrennen von zugeführtem Brennstoff
ATE170968T1 (de) † 1995-07-20 1998-09-15 Dvgw Ev Verfahren und vorrichtung zur unterdrückung von flammen-/druckschwingungen bei einer feuerung
WO1997040315A1 (fr) 1996-04-20 1997-10-30 Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co. BRULEUR ET PROCEDE DE FONCTIONNEMENT D'UN BRULEUR DESTINE A UNE COMBUSTION PAUVRE EN NOx ET EN CO
DE29912362U1 (de) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-11 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co., 35108 Allendorf Blaubrenner für Heizkessel
CN112178634A (zh) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-05 浙江斯特利热能设备制造有限公司 一种燃烧器及其燃烧锅炉

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2809933A1 (de) * 1978-03-08 1979-09-20 Hermann Dipl Ing Kopp Brenner fuer fluessige und gasfoermige brennstoffe
CH670297A5 (fr) * 1986-02-13 1989-05-31 Schilling Siegfried W

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE149661T1 (de) 1997-03-15
EP0589226A1 (fr) 1994-03-30
DE59305583D1 (de) 1997-04-10
DE4231788A1 (de) 1994-03-24

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