EP0617239A2 - Procédé de surveillance l'état d'encrasssement et/ou calcification d'échangeurs de chaleurs dans des systèmes de chauffage ou de réfrigation - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance l'état d'encrasssement et/ou calcification d'échangeurs de chaleurs dans des systèmes de chauffage ou de réfrigation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0617239A2
EP0617239A2 EP94104268A EP94104268A EP0617239A2 EP 0617239 A2 EP0617239 A2 EP 0617239A2 EP 94104268 A EP94104268 A EP 94104268A EP 94104268 A EP94104268 A EP 94104268A EP 0617239 A2 EP0617239 A2 EP 0617239A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
operating data
heating
medium
primary
pump
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
EP94104268A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0617239A3 (fr
Inventor
Armin Niederer
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G15/00—Details
    • F28G15/003—Control arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the contamination and / or calcification state of heat exchangers in heating systems according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to such a heating system which is provided with a monitoring device which carries out the method according to the invention.
  • a monitoring device which carries out the method according to the invention.
  • a fundamental problem in heating systems with a primary circuit carrying a heating medium, for example heating water and a secondary circuit carrying a medium to be heated, for example industrial water, is that the heat exchanger which thermally couples the two circuits during operation of the system due to flocculation, sludge, pollution, Calcification or similar deposits due to physical or chemical reactions during the temperature change of the heating or heating medium during the heat exchange process can become clogged, since the specified soiling or calcifications can deposit on the heat exchanger surfaces and / or in the feed channels to the exchanger surfaces.
  • the parameters on which the heating system is designed such as flow resistances, flow rates, pressure values, temperatures, energy ratios and powers, K values etc., change constantly, which has a negative effect on the operating behavior determined by the heating control device. This jeopardizes the proper functioning of the heating system in accordance with the design.
  • a disadvantage of such monitoring systems is that the parts of the system responsible for the measurement, such as pressure or flow meters, are also in contact with the medium to be heated and they can also become contaminated or clogged. This falsifies the corresponding measured values.
  • the monitored values can be variable due to the different designs of heating systems, which makes it necessary to adapt the monitoring device to the respective system.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method for monitoring the contamination and / or calcification state of the generic type with regard to its reliability and reducing the design effort for its implementation.
  • the heating control device record the aforementioned operating data as follow-up operating data on a regular basis, compare them with the stored original operating data and exceed a defined deviation of the follow-up operating data from the original operating data as a criterion for excessive calcification and / or To contaminate the heat exchanger. In this case, a fault condition is signaled by the heating control device.
  • the method according to the invention has several advantages. So there is no need for additional measuring elements, for example for differential pressures between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger in the secondary circuit, or measuring devices for the corresponding flow rates per unit of time. Only operating data is used which is caused by measuring elements already present in the heating control device, e.g. Temperature sensors, are supplied, or for control itself, such as the speed of the speed-controlled circulation pump in the primary circuit. In this respect, due to the method according to the invention, there is also no risk that the monitoring will be hindered by deposits.
  • Claims 2 to 4 and 6 indicate advantageous configurations of the method according to the invention. Further details can be found in the description of the exemplary embodiments.
  • a faulty response of the monitoring device is avoided by the integrating acquisition of the original and subsequent operating data over an adjustable period of time. Due to the time integration, a singular incorrect measurement, for example the temperature at the secondary outlet of the heat exchanger - for example due to an external fault - is practically insignificant.
  • the measures specified in claim 7 further increase the reliability of the subsequent operating data acquisition, since the integral values of the original and subsequent operating data are proportional to the energy supplied during the measuring time.
  • the operating data are thus multiplied by a standardization factor, in which the energy supplied to the heat exchanger is reproduced, so that the monitoring result cannot distort fluctuations in the energy supplied.
  • the regular acquisition of the subsequent operating data and their comparison with the original operating data takes place each time the heating system is started. This means that the frequency with which the monitoring method is used is automatically adapted to the load and frequency of use of the heating system itself.
  • Claim 9 teaches different response behavior of the heating system based on the determination of malfunctions.
  • the occurrence of a fault condition is logged in an externally accessible memory.
  • This measure serves to protect the installer of the heating system. He can thus demonstrate that in the event of malfunctions, the operator of the heating system contrary to relevant maintenance regulations, e.g. has disregarded the corresponding optical and / or acoustic warning signals and by continuing to operate the heating system incorrectly, e.g. caused a total failure.
  • Claims 11 to 14 relate to a heating system for heating a medium, in particular process water, by means of a heating medium, in particular heating water, in which a monitoring device is provided which carries out the monitoring method according to the invention. Further details can be found in the description of the exemplary embodiments.
  • the heating system shown in the drawings is used to heat domestic water, which has a set temperature of e.g. 60 ° C is stored in the boiler 1.
  • the latter has a hot water outlet 2 and a cold water inlet 3, which are connected to corresponding hot water tapping points or a cold water feed.
  • a heat exchanger 4 which thermally couples a primary circuit 5 carrying the heating water and a secondary circuit 6 carrying the process water.
  • the primary circuit 5 consists of a flow line 7, in which an electromagnetically actuated shut-off valve 8 for closing the primary circuit 5 is arranged.
  • a speed-controllable pump namely the primary pump 10 for circulating the heating water in the primary circuit 5, is arranged in the return line 9.
  • Flow 7 and return line 9 are connected, for example, to a boiler, the temperature of the heating water in the flow line 7 e.g. Is 75 ° C.
  • the secondary circuit 6 in turn consists of a flow line 11, which connects the cold water outlet 12 on the boiler 1 to the secondary inlet 13 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • a secondary-side return line 14 connects its secondary-side outlet 15 to the hot water inlet 16 of the boiler 1.
  • a pump running at constant speed in operation namely the secondary pump 17 for circulating the used water in the secondary circuit 11, is arranged.
  • Temperature sensors are located at various points in the heating system.
  • the temperature sensor 19 detects the hot water temperature T2 in the lower region of the boiler. If this temperature T2 reaches a certain target temperature of e.g. 60 ° C, the heating process is ended and a standstill function is triggered while the heating system is in a ready state.
  • a certain target temperature e.g. 60 ° C
  • the temperature sensor 20 detects the hot water temperature T3 at the secondary side inlet 13 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • the temperature sensor 21 measures the hot water temperature T4 at the secondary side outlet 15 of the heat exchanger 4, which due to the regulation of the heating system during operation has a constant value of e.g. 60 ° C is regulated.
  • the temperature sensors 22 and 23 are arranged in the primary-side supply 7 and return line 9 and measure the supply and return-side temperatures T5 and T6 of the heating water in the primary circuit 5.
  • the temperatures T5 and T6 are e.g. 75 ° C or 65 ° C, the latter temperature T6 depending on the amount of energy taken and the flow conditions in the heat exchanger 4.
  • the temperature sensors 18 to 23 are connected to a heating control device, designated as a whole by 24, which is implemented on the basis of a programmable microprocessor control.
  • a heating control device designated as a whole by 24
  • the corresponding temperature signals are converted by the temperature sensors 18 to 23 in an input / output unit into digital quantities, which are processed by the central processor unit 26 of the heating control device 24 can.
  • the processor unit 26 is designed in the manner of a microprocessor with CPU, RAM and ROM memories.
  • the primary 10 and secondary pump 17 are also controlled via the input / output unit 25.
  • the regulation of the heating process takes place using the heating control device 24 as follows: On the basis of a setpoint value stored in the processor unit 26, which can be entered, for example, via the input unit 27 (keyboard) for the temperature T4 at the secondary output 15 of the heat exchanger 4, the speed n P of the primary pump 10 and thus the circulating quantity of heating medium circulating in the primary circuit 5 are controlled so that the temperature T4 adopts the setpoint.
  • a PID controller is used for speed control, as indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the secondary pump 17 is operated at a constant speed. It is therefore only switched on or off by the heating control device 24.
  • these can also be pulse-controlled.
  • the other temperature sensors T1 to T3, T5 and T6 are used to check the thermal operating data during the heating control or to start up or switch off the heating system. This is done in the usual way and therefore requires no further explanation.
  • the heating system is also provided with a monitoring device 28, which is shown functionally in the attached drawing in the manner of a block diagram and is integrated in the heating control device 24.
  • the monitoring device 28 is implemented in practice by a corresponding software configuration of the program control of the heating control device.
  • the monitoring device 28 is provided with a detection device 29 for detecting the thermal operating data T1 to T6 and the pump operating data.
  • a detection device 29 for detecting the thermal operating data T1 to T6 and the pump operating data.
  • the latter consist of the pump speed n P.
  • the monitoring device 28 has a memory device 30, which can be formed by the (not shown) memory unit of the processor unit 26.
  • a comparison device 31 is provided, the function of which can also be performed in practice by the processor unit 26.
  • a buzzer 33 as an acoustic warning indicator and a warning light 34 as an optical warning indicator are provided for the signaling device 32.
  • an alpha-numerical display unit in the form of an LCD display 35 is used.
  • the buzzer 33, warning light 34 and LCD display 35 are controlled by the processor unit 26 in connection with the monitoring device 28.
  • An interface 42 is also provided, via which warning messages can be transmitted to peripheral devices in the form of corresponding data.
  • the method according to the invention for monitoring the contamination and / or calcification status of the heat exchanger works as follows: During the initial commissioning of the heating system, the operating data occurring during the heating process, namely the temperatures T1 to T6 and the pump speed n P of the primary pump 10 necessary for regulating the temperature T4 to a setpoint, are recorded by the detection device 29 and as the original operating data T1 to T6 , n p stored in the memory device 30.
  • the operating data are stored in the form of integral values which are determined by temporally integrating the operating data over a measuring time of, for example, 3 minutes. Furthermore, the maximum permissible deviations of the operating data in subsequent operation from these original operating data are defined in the memory device 30.
  • the above-mentioned operating data are acquired by the detection device 29 as subsequent operating data T1 'to T6' and n p 'and compared with the original operating data T1 to T6 and n P stored in the storage device 30 .
  • the heat exchanger 4 is clogged in the area of the secondary circuit 6, less service water is conveyed through the secondary circuit 6 at a constant speed n S of the secondary pump 17 per unit of time.
  • n P less energy is drawn from the primary circuit 5, so that the primary pump 10 runs at a lower speed n P 'due to the heating control. If this value, for example, by more than 30% of the original value n P deviates downward, this speed change ⁇ n P is used on the primary pump 10 as a criterion for the presence of a fault condition, which is detected by the comparison device 31.
  • a corresponding acoustic and visual warning is output by the signaling device 32 via the buzzer 33 and the warning light 34.
  • a corresponding fault message can be output via the LCD display 35 or the fault message can be stored in the externally accessible storage device in the manner of a fault log.
  • the above-mentioned integral values of the pump speed n P , n P 'in the original and subsequent operation data acquisition can be multiplied by a correction factor K, which is proportional to the difference between the temperatures T5 and T6 of the heating medium in the flow 7 or return line of the primary circuit 5.
  • the heating medium through the primary circuit 5 for a short time during the subsequent operating data acquisition with the pump speed n p used in the original operating data acquisition.
  • the desired temperature T4 will be set again at the secondary outlet 15 of the heat exchanger if the temperatures T3, T5 match accordingly. If the heat exchanger 4 is blocked, the temperature T4 'will deviate considerably from the temperature T4 which arises during the acquisition of the original operating data and corresponds to a setpoint value, which in turn can be used as a criterion for the presence of a fault condition.
  • FIG. 2 also includes a power supply 36, a real-time clock 37, additional signaling devices in the form of warning displays 38 and 39 for a too high or too low flow temperature T5 in the primary circuit 5, an operating data output 40 for the charging time and the number of operating days and a control branch 41 for a burner.
  • the speed-controlled primary pump 10 is started in an operating state, as is often to be expected when the system is started, and the setpoint of the flow temperature T5 is reached at the primary-side heat exchanger input. Subsequently, the uncontrolled secondary pump 17, ie running at constant speed, is started. After the heat build-up in the heat exchanger 4 has been drawn off, the setpoint temperature T4 is reached at the secondary-side heat exchanger outlet 15 after a certain time (approximately 45 seconds) by correspondingly controlling the pump speed of the primary pump 10.
  • control measurements in accordance with the method according to the invention are initiated automatically each time the heating device is started, provided that the temperatures T3 'and T5' approximately correspond to the temperatures T3 and T5 in the original measurement.
  • the integral value of the difference (T5 '- T6') is again recorded over a certain time period and divided by the time period t. If the integral value (T5 '- T6') m 'now reaches or falls below the originally determined integral value (T5 - T6) m xf, an alarm function is triggered, as was discussed above.
  • the temperatures T1, T2 are generally only used to control the heating system, but not to monitor contamination / calcification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP94104268A 1993-03-23 1994-03-18 Procédé de surveillance l'état d'encrasssement et/ou calcification d'échangeurs de chaleurs dans des systèmes de chauffage ou de réfrigation. Ceased EP0617239A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4309313 1993-03-23
DE4309313A DE4309313A1 (de) 1993-03-23 1993-03-23 Verfahren zur Überwachung des Verschmutzungs- und/oder Verkalkungszustandes von Wärmetauschern in Heiz- oder Kühlanlagen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0617239A2 true EP0617239A2 (fr) 1994-09-28
EP0617239A3 EP0617239A3 (fr) 1995-03-01

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EP94104268A Ceased EP0617239A3 (fr) 1993-03-23 1994-03-18 Procédé de surveillance l'état d'encrasssement et/ou calcification d'échangeurs de chaleurs dans des systèmes de chauffage ou de réfrigation.

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5607008A (fr)
EP (1) EP0617239A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4309313A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2280230A3 (fr) * 2009-07-23 2012-03-21 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de surveillance de l'état de salissure d'un échangeur thermique sur un appareil de chauffage
WO2015090762A1 (fr) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-25 Endress+Hauser Wetzer Gmbh+Co. Kg Procédé et dispositif de détection de dépôts dans des chaudières de chauffage ou à vapeur
EP2908059A1 (fr) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de diagnostic d'une installation de chauffage doté d'au moins un échangeur thermique
EP4036484A1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-03 Viessmann Climate Solutions SE Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT411632B (de) * 2000-04-19 2004-03-25 Tech Alternative Elektronische Verfahren zum regeln der entnahmetemperatur von brauchwasser
EP2128551A1 (fr) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surveillance d'échangeurs thermiques dans des systèmes de conduites de processus
US9506883B2 (en) * 2012-01-30 2016-11-29 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Scale deposition testing device
CN104079879A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-10-01 苏州固基电子科技有限公司 一种压力式温控器视频监控检测装置
DE102016225528A1 (de) 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Verschmutzungszustands bei einem Wärmetauscher
WO2019001683A1 (fr) * 2017-06-26 2019-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'un échangeur de chaleur

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SU777386A1 (ru) * 1978-01-16 1980-11-07 Предприятие П/Я Г-4372 Устройство дл определени степени загр знени конденсатора
JPS5919273B2 (ja) * 1979-12-05 1984-05-04 株式会社日立製作所 復水器性能監視方法
JPS5728940A (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-16 Hitachi Ltd Monitoring device for contamination of heat exchanger
IT1139480B (it) * 1981-09-23 1986-09-24 Cazzaniga Spa Metodo e apparecchiature per la misurazione diretta di energia termica trasferita a mezzo di un fluido
CH666129A5 (de) * 1984-01-13 1988-06-30 Jakob Huber Verfahren zur regelung einer thermischen anlage.
KR890001890B1 (ko) * 1984-03-23 1989-05-30 더 뱁콕 앤드 윌콕스 컴퍼니 열교환기 성능 감지기
US4766553A (en) * 1984-03-23 1988-08-23 Azmi Kaya Heat exchanger performance monitor
DE4035242A1 (de) * 1990-11-06 1992-05-07 Siemens Ag Betriebsueberwachung eines rohre aufweisenden kondensators mit messungen an ausgewaehlten rohren

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2280230A3 (fr) * 2009-07-23 2012-03-21 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de surveillance de l'état de salissure d'un échangeur thermique sur un appareil de chauffage
WO2015090762A1 (fr) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-25 Endress+Hauser Wetzer Gmbh+Co. Kg Procédé et dispositif de détection de dépôts dans des chaudières de chauffage ou à vapeur
EP2908059A1 (fr) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de diagnostic d'une installation de chauffage doté d'au moins un échangeur thermique
EP4036484A1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-03 Viessmann Climate Solutions SE Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage

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Publication number Publication date
US5607008A (en) 1997-03-04
EP0617239A3 (fr) 1995-03-01
DE4309313A1 (de) 1994-09-29

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