EP0622331B1 - Hebeeinheit für die Gabeln von Hubwagen - Google Patents

Hebeeinheit für die Gabeln von Hubwagen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0622331B1
EP0622331B1 EP94200679A EP94200679A EP0622331B1 EP 0622331 B1 EP0622331 B1 EP 0622331B1 EP 94200679 A EP94200679 A EP 94200679A EP 94200679 A EP94200679 A EP 94200679A EP 0622331 B1 EP0622331 B1 EP 0622331B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
forks
fluid
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94200679A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0622331A1 (de
Inventor
Luigi Santamaria
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Still SpA
Original Assignee
Fiat Om Carrelli Elevatori SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fiat Om Carrelli Elevatori SpA filed Critical Fiat Om Carrelli Elevatori SpA
Publication of EP0622331A1 publication Critical patent/EP0622331A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0622331B1 publication Critical patent/EP0622331B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/08—Masts; Guides; Chains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
    • F15B15/222—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke having a piston with a piston extension or piston recess which throttles the main fluid outlet as the piston approaches its end position

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a unit for lifting the forks of lift trucks.
  • lift trucks are provided with a fork lifting unit having at least one single-acting hydraulic cylinder kinematically connected to the forks.
  • the hydraulic cylinder has a cylindrical body in which there is slideably mounted a piston coaxially integral with an actuating rod.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is supplied with working fluid from a pump through a hydraulic distributor such that the actuating rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves the forks upwards.
  • the forks are lowered by gravity, the hydraulic cylinder always being connected for discharge through the hydraulic distributor.
  • the forks are secured to a plate which slides along a frame during the said lifting and lowering movements.
  • the frame can be of simple construction or telescopic and the number of hydraulic cylinders can vary according to the type of lift truck.
  • Some types of lift trucks with telescopic frames are provided for example with a pair of hydraulic cylinders the action of which causes the forks to rise and the frame to extend simultaneously, by virtue of suitable kinematic components.
  • Other types of lift trucks with telescopic frames are provided with a third hydraulic cylinder in addition to the pair of hydraulic cylinders; in this case, the third hydraulic cylinder lifts the forks when the frame is not extended whilst the pair of hydraulic cylinders merely extend the frame. In all cases, the lowering movement of the forks corresponds to the lifting movement.
  • a unit having the features of the preamble portion of claim 1 is known for example from DE-A-3,606,515.
  • the lift truck in Figure 1, designated 10, comprises a lifting unit 11 which lifts the forks 12 of the lift truck.
  • the lifting unit 11 comprises a telescopic frame 13 along which a plate 14, integral with the forks 12, is lifted.
  • the frame 13 comprises a pair of fixed outer uprights 15, a pair of movable intermediate uprights 16, and a pair of movable inner uprights 17.
  • the lifting unit 11 further has a central hydraulic cylinder 18 and a pair of side hydraulic cylinders 19; all these hydraulic cylinders are single-acting.
  • the central hydraulic cylinder 18 is integral with the pair of movable inner uprights 17 and is connected to the fork-bearing plate 14 by means of chains 20 which wind about respective pulleys 21 rotatably supported on a head 22 on which the actuating rod of the said hydraulic cylinder 18 acts.
  • the pair of side hydraulic cylinders 19 is integral with the pair of fixed outer uprights 15 and their actuating rods act on the pair of movable intermediate uprights 16. These uprights 16 are connected to the pair of movable inner uprights 17 by means of chains 23 which wind about respective pulleys 24 rotatably supported on the said pair of uprights 16.
  • Both the central hydraulic cylinder 18 and the pair of side hydraulic cylinders 19 are supplied with working fluid from a pump by means of a hydraulic distributor.
  • the working fluid acts on the movable portion of the central hydraulic cylinder 18 which, by means of the pulleys 21 and chains 20, lifts the plate 14 with the forks 12 along the pair of inner uprights 17, as shown in Figure 2; during this movement, the fork-bearing plate can evidently be lifted to its maximum at the upper end of the pair of uprights 17.
  • the same working fluid also acts on the movable portion of the pair of hydraulic cylinders 19 which cause the pair of intermediate uprights 16 to slide upwards along the pair of fixed uprights 15 and which, at the same time, cause the pair of inner uprights 17 to slide upwards along the pair of intermediate uprights 16, by means of the pulleys 24 and chains 23, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the fork-bearing plate 14 can thus arrive at the maximum lifted position corresponding to the maximum extension of the frame 13. It can be seen that the fork-bearing plate 14 can be stopped in any intermediate position between its initial, lowered position and its maximum, lifted position. In order to lower the fork-bearing plate 14, the working fluid is discharged and all the components described above move in the opposite direction.
  • Figure 4 shows one of the two side cylinders 19 in longitudinal section; the other cylinder 19 is identical in all respects.
  • the central cylinder 18 corresponds in structure and function to the cylinder illustrated in Figure 4, and only differs in its dimensions.
  • the structure of the hydraulic cylinder illustrated in Figure 4 comprises a hollow cylindrical body 30 accommodating a piston 31 in a sliding manner.
  • the piston 31 is coupled with the body 30 in a fluidtight manner by means of a seal 32.
  • a hollow actuating rod 33, sliding inside the body 30, is coaxially integral with the piston 31.
  • a guide bush 34, clamped in position by a lock nut 35, is provided at one end of the body 30, disposed between the rod 33 and the body 30.
  • the body 30 has a base 36 from which extends, inside the body 30, a hollow tang 37 for coupling, with clearance, with a shaped axial through hole 38 in the piston 31.
  • This hole 38 opens on one side to the inside of the hollow rod 33, and has a short portion 50 with a diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter of the tang 37, the remaining portion of the hole 38 having a diameter greater than the diameter of such short portion 50. Furthermore, the hole 38 has a lower flaring and the tang 37 has a corresponding flaring of its upper end portion.
  • a duct 39 connected to the feed pump, indicated 40, by means of the hydraulic distributor, indicated 41, is provided in the base 36.
  • the hollow tang 37 defines a duct 42 which communicates on one side with the duct 39 by means of a safety valve 43 and on the other side with the interior of the body 30.
  • a first internal chamber 44 of variable volume (as can be clearly seen in Figures 5 to 9) is defined between the piston 31 and the base 36, and a second, annular, internal chamber 45 of variable volume is defined between the rod 33 and the body 30.
  • the base 36 also accommodates two ducts 46,47 connected each other and connecting the duct 39 and the first chamber 44.
  • a check valve is formed, comprising a ball valve member 51, having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the duct 47, which rests on a seat 52 and is retained in the duct 47 by a pin 53 transversely inserted in the duct.
  • the hollow rod 33 has three peripherally equidistant holes 48, of which only one is shown in the drawings; the holes 48 put the second chamber 45 into communication with the interior of the rod 33.
  • the piston 31 has two transversal ducts 49, each of which has a portion of narrow cross-section and communicates on one side with the second chamber 45 via the space between the piston 31 and the body 30 and on the other side with the hole 38 in the piston 31.
  • the fluid under pressure generated by the pump 40 and delivered to the hydraulic cylinder by means of the hydraulic distributor 41 enters the hollow rod 33, through the ducts 39 and 42, such that it exerts an action on the rod; at the same time, the pressurised fluid passes through the ducts 46 and 47, moving the ball valve member 51 away from the seat 52 and pushing it against the pin 53, and then flows in the chamber 44 such that it also exerts pressure on the piston 31.
  • the piston 31 with the rod 33 moves upwards, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the first chamber 44 increases in volume whilst the second chamber 45 decreases in volume and the fluid in the said chamber 45 flows out of the latter into the rod 33 through the holes 48.
  • the fluidtight seal 32 mounted on the piston 31, prevents any blow-back of fluid between the two chambers 44, 45, such that the fluid is forced to pass through the passages with narrow cross-sections during the said end-of-travel strokes.
  • the safety valve 43 operates when the hydraulic circuit connected to the hydraulic cylinder described is broken, preventing the sudden descent of the piston 31 and of the rod 33 by blocking the passage of fluid from the duct 42 to the duct 39.
  • the other side hydraulic cylinder 19 and the central cylinder 18 are likewise fed from the said pump 40 through the hydraulic distributor 41 and operate in the same manner as described above.
  • the ducts 46,47 in addition to the ducts 39,42 ensure a great flow of delivery fluid into the cylinder and therefore a very low loss of pressure. This is a remarkable advantage, since at the delivery stage a high loss of pressure overloads the pump and increases the power consumption of the lift truck. Moreover, when more cylinders are provided hydraulically connected in series, a high loss of pressure may alter the operation sequence of the cylinders.
  • the check valve formed in the duct 47 is particularly simple and reliable.
  • the actuating unit can comprise any number of hydraulic actuating cylinders, for example one central hydraulic unit alone or only one pair of side hydraulic units, etc.
  • Hydraulic cylinders of this type can be supplied with working fluid in any suitable manner.
  • a solid actuating rod can be used instead of a hollow one, providing the appropriate, equivalent hydraulic connections such that the above braking effects are achieved.
  • One or more main passages and one or more auxiliary passages can be provided, which put the fluid inflow and outflow duct into communication with the first chamber, and this applies also to the communication between the second chamber and the first chamber.
  • Particularly, more auxiliary, delivery passages can be provided such that formed by the ducts 46,47, each with a check valve inside. Passages of this type can be produced in any manner. There can also be more fluid inflow and outflow ducts.
  • the hollow tang can be integral with the piston and, accordingly, the hole with which the tang is coupled is in the base instead of in the piston.
  • interception means can be provided which reduce the cross-section of the fluid outflow from the first and second chambers during the end-of-travel strokes of the piston and actuating rod.
  • Interception means of this type can also be progressive, for example, on the one hand by suitably shaping the tang and/or the hole, and on the other hand by providing openings for the passage of the fluid disposed such that they are progressively closed by the guide bush.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Hebeeinheit (11) für die Gabeln (12) von Hubwagen (10), mit wenigstens einem einfachwirkenden hydraulischem Zylinder (18; 19), der kinematisch mit den Gabeln (12) verbundenen ist und einen zylindrischen Körner (30) umfaßt, in dem ein mit einer Betätigungsstange (33) einstückig ausgebildeter Kolben (31) gleitet, wobei die Gabeln (12) durch Zuführen von Treibmittel an den hydraulischen Zylinder (18; 19) gehoben und durch Ableiten des Treibmittels mittels Schwerkraft gesenkt werden, wobei zwischen dem Kolben (31) und einem Sockel (36) des zylindrischen Körpers (30) eine erste interne Kammer (44) ausgebildet ist, die mit wenigstens einer Leitung (39) für den Zu- und Abfluß des Treibmittels in Wirkverbindung steht, wobei zwischen der Stange (33) und dem zylindrischen Körner (30) eine zweite interne Kammer (45) der ersten Kammer (44) mit Bezug auf den Kolben (31) gegenüberliegend und mit der ersten Kammer (44) in Wirkverbindung stehend ausgebildet ist, und wobei eine erste Interceptvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, die am Ende eines Hubes des Kolbens (31) hin zum Sockel (36) eine Verengung des Querschnitts des Flüssigkeitsabflusses aus der ersten Kammer (44) zur Flüssigkeitszufluß- und -abflußleitung (39) bestimmt, und wobei eine zweite Interceptvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, die am Ende des entgegengesetzten Hubes eine Verengung des Querschnitts der Ableitung des Flüssigkeitsabflusses aus der zweiten Kammer (45) zur ersten Kammer (44) bestimmt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet daß,
    die erste Interceptvorrichtung einen Mitnehmer (37) umfaßt, der einstückig entweder mit dem Sockel (36) des zylindrischen Körpers (30) oder mit dem Kolben ausgebildet ist, und der mit Spiel mit einem Durchgangsloch gekoppelt ist, welches entweder im Kolben (31) auf einer Seite in die Stange (33) hinein öffnend oder im Sockel des zylindrischen Körpers angeordnet ist, wobei von dem Mitnehmer (37) eine Leitung (42) aufgenommen ist, die auf einer Seite mit der Flüssigkeitszufluß und -abflußleitung (39) in Wirkverbindung steht bzw. in die Stange hinein verläuft, und die auf der anderen Seite zur Außenseite des Mitnehmers (37) hinaus in Richtung auf das Durchgangsloch (38) verläuft.
  2. Hebeeinheit nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste Kammer (44) mit der Flüssigkeitszufluß- und -abflußleitung (39) über wenigstens einen Hauptkanal (42) und Wenigstens einen Hilfskanal (46, 47) in Wirkverbindung steht, mit einem Absperrventil (51-53) zum Verhindern des Flüssigkeitsflusses aus der ersten Kammer (44) zu der Flüssigkeitszufluß- und -abflußleitung (39), wobei die zweite Kammer (45) mit der ersten Kammer (44) über Wenigstens einen Hauptkanal (48) und wenigstens einen schmalen Hilfskanal (49) in Wirkverbindung steht, und wobei eine erste Interceptvorrichtung (37, 38) die Flüssigkeitsableitung aus der ersten Kammer (44) zu der Flüssigkeitszufluß- und -abflußleitung (39) durch den jeweiligen Hauptkanal (42) am Ende des Hubes des Kolbens (31) hin zum Sockel begrenzt, und die zweite Interceptvorrichtung (34) die Ableitung von Flüssigkeit aus der zweiten Kammer (45) zur ersten Kammer (44) durch den jeweiligen Hauptkanal (48) am Ende des entgegengesetzten Hubes verhindert.
  3. Hebeeinheit nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Durchgangsloch (38) einen schmalen Abschnitt (50) aufweist, so daß zwischen dem Mitnehmer (37) und dem Loch (38) ein schmaler Kanal gebildet wird, und wobei der Mitnehmer (37) und das Loch (38) eine entsprechende obere bzw. untere Erweiterung aufweisen.
  4. Hebeeinheit nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Hilfskanal (46, 47) relativ zur ersten Kammer (44) im Sockel (36) des zylindrischen Körpers (30) vorgesehen ist, und wobei das Absperrventil ein Kugelventilelement (51) aufweist, welches auf einer Aufnahmefläche (52) einer Leitung (47) des Hilfskanals sitzt und durch einen in der Leitung quer eingesetzten Stift (53) in dieser gehalten wird.
  5. Hebeeinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3, 4, wobei die Betätigungsstange (33) hohl ist und ihr Inneres mit der ersten Kammer (44) in Wirkverbindung steht, wobei die Stange (33) eine Vielzahl von Durchgangslöchern (48) aufweist, von denen jedes den Hauptkanal relativ zur zweiten Kammer (45) bildet, und wobei die zweite Interceptvorrichtung eine Buchse (34) umfaßt, die zwischen der Stange (33) und dem zylindrischen Körner (30) angeordnet ist und die Durchgangslöcher (48) am Ende des entgegengesetzten Hubes behindert.
  6. Hebeeinheit nach Anspruch 5, wobei eine Vielzahl von Hilfskanälen relativ zur zweiten Kammer (45) im Kolben (31) ausgebildet sind und quer verlaufende Durchgangsleitungen (49) mit jeweils einem Abschnitt engen Querschnitts aufweisen, die mit der zweiten Kammer (45) durch den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Kolben (31) und dem zylindrischen Körper (30) hindurch in Wirkverbindung stehen.
  7. Hebeeinheit nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, wobei ein zentraler Hydraulikzylinder (18) vorgesehen ist, der kinematisch mit den Gabeln (12) verbunden ist, sowie ein Paar seitlicher Hydraulikzylinder (19), die durch einen teleskopischen Rahmen (13) kinematisch mit dem zentralen Hydraulikzylinder (18) verbunden sind.
  8. Hebeeinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein einziger mit den Gabeln kinematisch verbundener Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen ist.
  9. Hebeeinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein Paar seitlicher, mit den Gabeln durch einen teleskopischen Rahmen kinematisch verbundener Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen ist.
EP94200679A 1993-03-19 1994-03-16 Hebeeinheit für die Gabeln von Hubwagen Expired - Lifetime EP0622331B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI930528 1993-03-19
ITMI930528A IT1272114B (it) 1993-03-19 1993-03-19 Unita' di sollevamento delle forche in carrelli elevatori

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0622331A1 EP0622331A1 (de) 1994-11-02
EP0622331B1 true EP0622331B1 (de) 1998-09-30

Family

ID=11365414

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94200679A Expired - Lifetime EP0622331B1 (de) 1993-03-19 1994-03-16 Hebeeinheit für die Gabeln von Hubwagen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0622331B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE171695T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69413593T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2123704T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1272114B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025219942A1 (en) * 2024-04-18 2025-10-23 L.T.E. Lift Truck Equipment S.P.A. Upright of an industrial vehicle

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19710556C2 (de) * 1997-03-14 1999-03-11 Jungheinrich Ag Ausfahrbare Mastkonstruktion für einen Hubwagen
DE29707639U1 (de) * 1997-04-28 1997-08-21 Still GmbH, 22113 Hamburg Hydraulischer Zylinder mit Stoßsicherung
DE19802119A1 (de) * 1998-01-21 1999-07-22 Still Wagner Gmbh & Co Kg Flurförderzeug mit einer Hubvorrichtung
US6557456B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2003-05-06 The Raymond Corporation Cushioned actuator
DE10214864C5 (de) * 2002-04-04 2009-12-17 Linde Material Handling Gmbh Hydraulischer Zylinder mit Endlagendämpfung
EP4711323A1 (de) 2024-09-12 2026-03-18 Mitsubishi Logisnext Europe Oy Flurförderzeug mit gestütztem masthubzylinder

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1414638A (fr) * 1964-11-25 1965-10-15 Appalette Amortisseur hydraulique réglable de fin de course pour vérins hydrauliques à piston plongeur
FR2024747A1 (de) * 1969-05-02 1970-09-04 Lati Ste
US4006666A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-02-08 Towmotor Corporation Cushioning device for a hydraulic jack
DE3146845A1 (de) * 1981-11-26 1983-06-01 Wabco Steuerungstechnik GmbH & Co, 3000 Hannover Einrichtung zur endabbremsung des arbeitskolbens eines doppeltwirkenden arbeitszylinders
US4476960A (en) * 1982-08-09 1984-10-16 Towmotor Corporation Adjustable chain anchor for lift trucks
CN1008201B (zh) * 1985-02-28 1990-05-30 株式会社丰田自动织机制作所 具有缓冲流量控制阀装置的液压操作缸

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025219942A1 (en) * 2024-04-18 2025-10-23 L.T.E. Lift Truck Equipment S.P.A. Upright of an industrial vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0622331A1 (de) 1994-11-02
ITMI930528A1 (it) 1994-09-19
ATE171695T1 (de) 1998-10-15
IT1272114B (it) 1997-06-11
DE69413593T2 (de) 1999-03-18
DE69413593D1 (de) 1998-11-05
ES2123704T3 (es) 1999-01-16
ITMI930528A0 (it) 1993-03-19

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