EP0625673A2 - Brûleur à prémélange pour l'opération d'un moteur à combustion interne, d'une chambre de combustion d'une groupe turbo à gaz ou d'une installation de combustion - Google Patents

Brûleur à prémélange pour l'opération d'un moteur à combustion interne, d'une chambre de combustion d'une groupe turbo à gaz ou d'une installation de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0625673A2
EP0625673A2 EP94105929A EP94105929A EP0625673A2 EP 0625673 A2 EP0625673 A2 EP 0625673A2 EP 94105929 A EP94105929 A EP 94105929A EP 94105929 A EP94105929 A EP 94105929A EP 0625673 A2 EP0625673 A2 EP 0625673A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premix burner
operating
swirl generator
fuels
burner according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94105929A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0625673A3 (fr
EP0625673B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AG Germany
Original Assignee
ABB Management AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Management AG filed Critical ABB Management AG
Publication of EP0625673A2 publication Critical patent/EP0625673A2/fr
Publication of EP0625673A3 publication Critical patent/EP0625673A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0625673B1 publication Critical patent/EP0625673B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a premix burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or firing system and an associated method which are suitable for the combustion of fuels with very different properties.
  • Premix burners ie burners in which the premixing zone is an integral part of the burner itself and which are characterized by low NO x emissions, are known (EP-A1 0 321 809, 0 521 325).
  • the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. It is based on the task of creating a premix burner for the operation of an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a combustion system and an associated method which have low NO x emissions, in which fuels with very different properties can be burned without problems and the function the burner is also ensured outside the design point or in the event of partial failure.
  • the premix burner consists of a swirl generator, a subsequent convergent part, a constriction for the Add fuel and a diffuser.
  • this is achieved in the method for operating the premix burner in that when operating with fuels which have a high flame speed, the fuels are injected in opposite directions; when operating with fuels that have a low flame speed and a low calorific value, the fuels are injected in the same direction and when operating with liquid or dusty fuel the fuel is injected in the narrowest cross section perpendicular to the flow rate or shortly before the narrowest cross section with a central lance.
  • the advantages of the invention can be seen, inter alia, in the fact that when combusting fuels with very different properties, the mixture is completed before the flame front is reached and the flame cannot return to the place where it was mixed in.
  • the main reaction zone is stabilized purely aerodynamically without touching the burner wall.
  • the function of the burner is also ensured outside of the design point and in the event of partial failure.
  • the burner can also be used in an air or fuel-graded combustion process.
  • the constriction and the diffuser are designed to be rotationally symmetrical, because then secondary flows are avoided and only small turbulences are present before the vortex breakdown.
  • cross-sectional profile is adapted such that flow separation on the wall is not possible.
  • a double cone burner with an adapted slot width and missing is advantageous as a swirl generator Fuel injection or a vane swirl generator used. Swirl generators without hub locking are particularly advantageous because they work almost loss-free and cause a strong axial flow on the axis.
  • premix burner in particular the diffuser
  • the premix burner can be convectively cooled. This ensures safe burner operation even when the flame is applied in the end area of the diffuser.
  • the premix burner shown in FIG. 1 which is used for the combustion of fuels with very different properties, consists of a swirl generator 1, an adjoining convergent part 2, a constriction 3 and a diffuser 4.
  • the convergent part 2, the constriction 3 and the diffuser 4 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical to avoid secondary flows and their cross-sectional shape is adjusted so that the expansion is just so strong that there is no flow separation from the wall.
  • the length of the rotationally symmetrical parts is as short as possible in order to keep the friction losses and the surface that may need to be cooled small. This results in small mixing lengths.
  • the size of the burner can be chosen as long as the Reynolds number in the burner is sufficiently high and under the boundary conditions of the desired thermal output and the desired overall length.
  • a double cone burner with an adapted slot width (without fuel injection) is particularly suitable as swirl generator 1.
  • a guide vane swirl generator or a swirl generator with or without a hub body can also be used as the swirl generator 1.
  • Swirl generators 1 which operate almost without loss and which cause a strong axial flow on the axis are particularly advantageous. This is achieved with swirl generators without a hub lock.
  • the flow rate increases until it has its highest value at the narrow point 3.
  • the narrow point 3 the location of the highest flow velocity, the fuel 9 is mixed in. This ensures that the fuel 9 mixes quickly with the combustion air 10, the mixing is completed before reaching the flame zone and the flame under no circumstances can strike back at the location of fuel mixing.
  • the fuel admission pressure required for mixing is only low.
  • the mixing zone i.e. where the fuel-air mixture is present (premixing section 6, main reaction zone 7), there are no internals, e.g. Swirl generator or flame holder, available. Swirl number changes are possible depending on the fuel 9 without moving parts in the burner. There are also no backflow zones, steps or sudden enlargements of the flame zone, so that good flame stability (low pulsations) is achieved.
  • internals e.g. Swirl generator or flame holder
  • the main reaction zone 7 is stabilized purely aerodynamically by the bursting swirl flow (vortex breakdown 5) without touching the burner wall.
  • the divergent part of the burner is convectively cooled.
  • the combined burner and combustion chamber cooling 8 ensures that safe burner operation is ensured even when the flame is applied in the end region of the diffuser 4.
  • the entire burner can be cooled completely simply by convective cooling, which is why it is also suitable for operation as a stepped burner in an air or fuel-stepped system, e.g. suitable as first, second or third stage.
  • the premix burner is operated with fuels that have a high flame speed (short ignition delay times), the fuels must be injected in opposite directions (Fig. 2). This weakens the Vortex Breakdown 5. If, on the other hand, fuels with a low flame speed and a low calorific value are used, the flame stabilization is improved by injection in the same direction and thus by reinforcing the vortex breakdown 5.
  • the burner When the burner is operated with liquid or dust-like fuel, it is injected with a central lance in the narrowest cross-section, ie at the narrow point 3, perpendicular to the direction of flow or shortly before the narrowest cross-section.
  • the burner is a multi-fuel system, because, as can be seen from FIG. 2, low-calorie fuels 9a, natural gas 9b and hydrogen-containing gases 9c can be used, for example.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP94105929A 1993-05-17 1994-04-16 Brûleur à prémélange pour l'opération d'un moteur à combustion interne, d'une chambre de combustion d'une groupe turbo à gaz ou d'une installation de combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0625673B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4316474A DE4316474A1 (de) 1993-05-17 1993-05-17 Vormischbrenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage
DE4316474 1993-05-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0625673A2 true EP0625673A2 (fr) 1994-11-23
EP0625673A3 EP0625673A3 (fr) 1995-05-17
EP0625673B1 EP0625673B1 (fr) 1999-03-24

Family

ID=6488294

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94105929A Expired - Lifetime EP0625673B1 (fr) 1993-05-17 1994-04-16 Brûleur à prémélange pour l'opération d'un moteur à combustion interne, d'une chambre de combustion d'une groupe turbo à gaz ou d'une installation de combustion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5673551A (fr)
EP (1) EP0625673B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06341617A (fr)
DE (2) DE4316474A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0704657A3 (fr) * 1994-10-01 1997-07-30 Abb Management Ag Brûleur
EP0797051A3 (fr) * 1996-03-20 1998-05-20 Abb Research Ltd. Brûleur pour un générateur de chaleur
EP0783089A3 (fr) * 1995-12-27 1998-11-11 Abb Research Ltd. Brûleur sous forme d'un cÔne
EP0778445A3 (fr) * 1995-12-05 1999-04-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brûleur à prémélange
DE10029607A1 (de) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom Power Nv Brenner mit gestufter Vormischgas-Eindüsung
US6769903B2 (en) 2000-06-15 2004-08-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection
EP1568942A1 (fr) * 2004-02-24 2005-08-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brûleur à prémélange et procédé pour brûler un gaz pauvre
EP1512912A3 (fr) * 2003-09-04 2010-10-27 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Mélange homogène obtenu par injection tourbillonnaire du carburant
US8057224B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2011-11-15 Alstom Technology Ltd. Premix burner with mixing section
US8066509B2 (en) * 2007-11-27 2011-11-29 Alstom Technology Ltd. Method and device for combusting hydrogen in a premix burner
US9103547B2 (en) * 2007-11-09 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner

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DE19527453B4 (de) * 1995-07-27 2009-05-07 Alstom Vormischbrenner
DE19757189B4 (de) * 1997-12-22 2008-05-08 Alstom Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners eines Wärmeerzeugers
US6585784B1 (en) * 1999-12-13 2003-07-01 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Method for utilizing gas reserves with low methane concentrations for fueling gas turbines
DE10056243A1 (de) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brennkammer und Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Brennkammer
DE10348604A1 (de) 2003-10-20 2005-07-28 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse mit filmartiger Kraftstoffplatzierung
DE102007043626A1 (de) * 2007-09-13 2009-03-19 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Gasturbinenmagerbrenner mit Kraftstoffdüse mit kontrollierter Kraftstoffinhomogenität
JP5453322B2 (ja) * 2008-03-07 2014-03-26 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド バーナ装置並びにバーナ装置の使用
EP2260238B1 (fr) * 2008-03-07 2015-12-23 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur à prémélange
EP2257736B1 (fr) * 2008-03-07 2015-11-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé de production de gaz chaud
EP2107313A1 (fr) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Alimentation étagée de combustible dans un brûleur
EP2299178B1 (fr) * 2009-09-17 2015-11-04 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé et système de combustion de turbine à gaz pour mélanger sans danger des carburants riches en H2 avec de l'air
ES2462974T3 (es) 2010-08-16 2014-05-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Quemador de recalentamiento
EP2420730B1 (fr) * 2010-08-16 2018-03-07 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Brûleur de post-combustion
TWI435978B (zh) * 2011-10-31 2014-05-01 Atomic Energy Council 富氫氣體燃燒器
EP2703721B1 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2019-05-22 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Brûleur à prémélange
US9194583B2 (en) * 2013-02-20 2015-11-24 Jorge DE LA SOVERA Mixed fuel vacuum burner-reactor
WO2014181951A1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 한국기계연구원 Chambre de combustion du type à prémélange d'une structure de tube de venturi à des fins de réduction des émissions
CN111520764A (zh) * 2020-03-25 2020-08-11 西北工业大学 一种带有尾部冷却结构的燃烧室
EP4056903A1 (fr) * 2021-03-07 2022-09-14 CPS-Holding Limited Moteur de combustion de turbines à gaz alimenté à l'hydrogène

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CH682952A5 (de) * 1991-03-12 1993-12-15 Asea Brown Boveri Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes.
CH684962A5 (de) * 1991-07-03 1995-02-15 Asea Brown Boveri Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder einer Feuerungsanlage.
US5295352A (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-03-22 General Electric Company Dual fuel injector with premixing capability for low emissions combustion
US5303554A (en) * 1992-11-27 1994-04-19 Solar Turbines Incorporated Low NOx injector with central air swirling and angled fuel inlets
DE4304213A1 (de) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Abb Research Ltd Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0704657A3 (fr) * 1994-10-01 1997-07-30 Abb Management Ag Brûleur
EP0778445A3 (fr) * 1995-12-05 1999-04-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brûleur à prémélange
EP0783089A3 (fr) * 1995-12-27 1998-11-11 Abb Research Ltd. Brûleur sous forme d'un cÔne
EP0797051A3 (fr) * 1996-03-20 1998-05-20 Abb Research Ltd. Brûleur pour un générateur de chaleur
DE10029607A1 (de) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom Power Nv Brenner mit gestufter Vormischgas-Eindüsung
US6769903B2 (en) 2000-06-15 2004-08-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection
EP1512912A3 (fr) * 2003-09-04 2010-10-27 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Mélange homogène obtenu par injection tourbillonnaire du carburant
EP1568942A1 (fr) * 2004-02-24 2005-08-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brûleur à prémélange et procédé pour brûler un gaz pauvre
US7448218B2 (en) 2004-02-24 2008-11-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Premix burner and method for burning a low-calorie combustion gas
CN100473905C (zh) * 2004-02-24 2009-04-01 西门子公司 用于燃烧低热量燃烧气体的预混合燃烧器以及方法
WO2005080878A1 (fr) * 2004-02-24 2005-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bruleur de premelange et procede pour realiser la combustion d'un gaz de combustion faiblement calorifique
US8057224B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2011-11-15 Alstom Technology Ltd. Premix burner with mixing section
US9103547B2 (en) * 2007-11-09 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner
US8066509B2 (en) * 2007-11-27 2011-11-29 Alstom Technology Ltd. Method and device for combusting hydrogen in a premix burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0625673A3 (fr) 1995-05-17
JPH06341617A (ja) 1994-12-13
DE59407984D1 (de) 1999-04-29
DE4316474A1 (de) 1994-11-24
EP0625673B1 (fr) 1999-03-24
US5673551A (en) 1997-10-07

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