EP0632477B1 - Einrichtung zum automatischen oder manuellen Testen eines Schutz-, Steuer- oder Meldegeräts - Google Patents

Einrichtung zum automatischen oder manuellen Testen eines Schutz-, Steuer- oder Meldegeräts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0632477B1
EP0632477B1 EP94109177A EP94109177A EP0632477B1 EP 0632477 B1 EP0632477 B1 EP 0632477B1 EP 94109177 A EP94109177 A EP 94109177A EP 94109177 A EP94109177 A EP 94109177A EP 0632477 B1 EP0632477 B1 EP 0632477B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
levers
axis
relay
button
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94109177A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0632477A2 (de
EP0632477A3 (de
Inventor
Giorgio Giardini
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ABB Elettrocondutture SpA
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ABB Elettrocondutture SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT001332 external-priority patent/IT1264863B1/it
Priority claimed from IT93MI002581A external-priority patent/IT1265388B1/it
Application filed by ABB Elettrocondutture SpA filed Critical ABB Elettrocondutture SpA
Publication of EP0632477A2 publication Critical patent/EP0632477A2/de
Publication of EP0632477A3 publication Critical patent/EP0632477A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0632477B1 publication Critical patent/EP0632477B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H01H83/04—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a device which automatically or manually performs a screening of a protection device after prefixed whiles and may therefore work with any electric parameter, e.g. the current, the tension, or the homopolar current or any other quantity, even not an electric one, as long as it can go back to an electric quantity.
  • any electric parameter e.g. the current, the tension, or the homopolar current or any other quantity, even not an electric one, as long as it can go back to an electric quantity.
  • Electro-mechanical devices suitable for protecting plants, users and workers are well known.
  • a working failure of said devices causes damages to the plant and is also dangerous for the safety of the persons. Therefore, a continuous check, or at least after regular whiles, of the working of said devices is important, as well as an automatical intervention when the device fails, by replacing it with another one or by cutting off the checked plant and/or by signalling the failure to the operator.
  • a device of known type for manually testing the efficiency of the failure detector means of an automatic differential circuit breaker including a sliding body transmitting the motion from the failure detector means to the disconnecting mechanism of the breaker is described, for example, by EP-A-0 231 732.
  • Said type of device has the drawback that, in case of a test condition, the disconnecting mechanism is activated and moves the contacts of the main circuit in open position breaking the main circuit: the electrical apparatuses which are power supplied by the main circuit are therefore disconnected from the power supply.
  • test is (or could be) omitted frequently, affecting the safety of the users and of the electric plant.
  • the present description specifically refers to a checking device for residual current circuit breakers against contact voltages in order to protect human life; however, the principle and the embodiment are suitable, with obvious modifications, to a further protecting and adjusting device and also to a further regulating or signalling device.
  • the device object of the present invention deviates or stops the mechanical disconnecting chain for a little while (around one second) inside the protecting apparatus.
  • Said mechanical disconnecting chain starting from the electro-mechanical detector of the failure quantity (i. e. the relay), releases automatically or manually the hooking of the mechanism which normally activates the contacts.
  • a cycle programming automatism having a prefixed cycle sends an electrical impulse to the electro-mechanical detector of the checked quantity (relay), which is as strong as the one to be emitted in case of a plant failure. If the system is in good working order said impulse causes the working of the relay by giving a signal which is sent to the C.P.A. and which confirms that all is in order.
  • the C.P.A. sets in motion again the mechanical disconnecting chain previously cut off. Otherwise, if the relay does not work, the C.P.A. does not receive the back signal and, regarding this fact as a failure, it produces a signal.
  • the present invention refers to a device for automatically or manually testing the efficiency of the most sensitive components of an electrical apparatus, in particular of a residual circuit breaker, keeping the contacts of the main circuit in normal working order also in case of a test condition and comprising a lever which transmits the motion from the pusher of a relay belonging to the electrical apparatus to hooking means stopping the disconnecting mechanism of the breaker.
  • the lever is doubled in two half-levers
  • the pusher acts on a first of the two half-levers
  • the device includes means for automatically or manually injecting a simulated current of failure provoking the intervention of the apparatus under test; in case of a test condition the first half-lever is disconnected from the second half-lever to prevent the transmission of the motion from the pusher to the hooking means, while in case of normal working condition the two half-levers are integrally connected each other.
  • Figure 1 shows, inside an electrical protecting device, the part where the polarised relay 10 is placed; said relay 10 fixed to stand 12 has a pusher 11.
  • tip 16 this latter disconnects hooking means 17 which switches on the whole disconnecting apparatus 18.
  • Figure 2 shows a first embodiment of the present invention automatically checked by a C.P.A., when no free space is available inside the protecting device.
  • the lever 13 of figure 1 is split into two half-levers 20, 21 hinged on the same axis 14, being said two half-levers 20, 21 integral to each other during the normal service working as only one lever 13 previously described.
  • figure 2 which is an exploded view
  • figure 3 which is a horizontal section A-A along the centre line of axis 14, one of said half-levers 20, 21, e.g. half-lever 20, is integrally fixed to axis 14 by means of two suitable stops 22, 23; when axis 14 shifts forward and backward it trails half-lever 20, whereas half-lever 21 stops because of bush 24 which binds said half-lever 21 to stand 12.
  • tailpiece 27 of half-lever 20, which up to this point engaged half-lever 21 making it integral to said half-lever 20 during its possible clockwise rotation, is placed in correspondence to free space 28 of half-lever 21; in this position the two half-levers 20, 21 are now free.
  • the C.P.A. sends an impulse to the relay 10, said impulse being as strong as the one produced by a failure in the plant with a consequent coming out of pusher 11 which causes a counter-clockwise rotation of half-lever 20, whereas half-lever 21 and hooking means 17 (not represented in Figs. 2-3) stop and then stops also the main mechanism which operates the network contacts.
  • half-lever 20 operates a suitable contact 29 by means of its arm 30, said contact 29 being represented in figure 2 as a mechanical one, but may be reed-type or static ones.
  • a signal is generated and sent to the C.P.A. causing the excitement of a second electro-magnet 31 which provokes, by means of spring 32, a counter-rotation of half-lever 20 with its slide 33 towards the starting position and further, in order to make sure that through the aforesaid half-lever 20 also pusher 11 of the relay 10 reaches its starting point.
  • the C.P.A. After checking the efficiency of the differential trasformer, of the failure detector (relay) and of the first operating unit of the disconnecting apparatus, the C.P.A. resets and starts a new delay cycle, at the end of which it checks again and so on, till when, during such an automatic check, it happens that the relay 10, although energized by means of a test impulse, does not activate pusher 11. It is obvious that the protecting apparatus fails because the relay is no longer efficient or because the mechanical frictions have increased, or because oxidation or corrosion occurs, or because the anchor of the magnetic circuit of the relay 10 adheres, etc.
  • Figure 2 shows a particular embodiment of two half-levers 20 and 21, linked by means of any mechanical device, e.g. a pin or a lock placed in suitable bores on parallel side walls of half-levers 20 and 21.
  • any mechanical device e.g. a pin or a lock placed in suitable bores on parallel side walls of half-levers 20 and 21.
  • the placement of said pin corresponds to the normal working of the device, whereas the extraction of said pin by means of an electro-magnet commanded by the C.P.A. makes the two half-levers 20 and 21 free to indipendently move.
  • the aforesaid linkage could be carried out by means of any other device, electro-magnetic (e.g. an electro-magnetical coupling), magnetic (e.g. one or more permanent magnets suitably disposed by an external operator), hydraulic or pneumatical (e.g. by means of a little pinion commanded by an electro-valve), the working of said means being always controlled by the C.P.A
  • figure 4 shows a flow-chart of the C.P.A., which in its turn represents a well-known technique, namely:
  • the check of a regular working can be effected in a very short while (around 2 seconds).
  • the lapse between two checks may vary from some seconds to one month, according to the apparatus, its functions and its requirements.
  • Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the present invention.
  • a free space is available inside the apparatus and it is necessary an alteration to the normal mechanism of figure 1.
  • the relay 10 is fixed on one side to the axis 51 around which it could rotate, were it not stopped by spring 52. If, on the contrary, the external electro-magnet 53 is energized when the C.P.A. decides to start the periodical check, the relay 10 is called back by the anchor of electro-magnet 53 through tie 54 and rotates around axis 51 thus pushing pusher 11 outside the field of action of arm 55 of disconnecting lever 13.
  • the relay 10 If, in this new position, the relay 10 is energized by means of the C.P.A., pusher 11 engages lever 56 by making it rotate around axis 57 with an angle sufficient to set in motion a contact, both a metallic contact 58 or a static one.
  • the consent signal reported by contact 58 to the C.P.A. starts the following step which consists of loading lever 56 by energizing electro-magnet 59 which swallows up its mobile core and of re-starting the protection by ordering the de-energization of electro-magnet 53 which makes come back the relay 10 to its starting position.
  • step which consists of loading lever 56 by energizing electro-magnet 59 which swallows up its mobile core and of re-starting the protection by ordering the de-energization of electro-magnet 53 which makes come back the relay 10 to its starting position.
  • pusher 11 had not come out when the C.P.A. had sent the electric impulse to the disconnecting device 10
  • lever 56 would have not rotate and contact 58 would have not switched on.
  • Receiving no signal the C.P.A. would have stopped and would have started the foreseen emergency measures.
  • the showed embodiment is valid in all cases, namely if the relay 10 does not rotate, but shifts or is lifted, if its motion is a combined rotation and shifting or if the relay is definite while the disconnecting chain partly rotates or shifts.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention which manually works, is described as follows with a particular reference to a residual current circuit breaker; however, with obvious adjustments, this system can also apply to other electrical apparatuses to keep under control.
  • the test button releases a half-lever thus verifying the detecting and disconnecting function (differential transformer, relay and disconnecting chain) without interrupting the supply, as hereinafter described with reference to figures 6 and 7.
  • the button is marked with 60.
  • the button upper part 61 protruding out of the breaker carter is pushed by the user.
  • Letter T 62 graved on said button upper part 61 is prescribed by the rules and means "test”.
  • 63 and 64 are two button side wings, which, shifting along the two fixed grooves of the switch, lead the button in its shifting downwards.
  • the button cylindrical lower part 66 which can shift inside the sleeve 67, integral to the breaker, guides the reaction spring 68.
  • axis 14 shifts rightwards by means of an external action on its left end and comes back to its starting position thanks to spring 34.
  • Figure 6 shows as the pressure on the button shifts the aforesaid axis 14.
  • the bent part 69 is to be noticed, to which the fixed axis 70 is integral; the free lever 71 is hinged on said axis 70, said lever being frictionally pressed by spring 72 and stop 73.
  • the upper end of lever 71 can be placed by the user either on the free space 74, comprised in the main body of the switch corresponding to: “Check without switch click", or on the contiguous space 75, corresponding to "Check with switch click".
  • lever 71 is provided with a tailpiece 76 compelling cam 77 (free to rotate on axis 93 integral to button 60), to stop in the position indicated in figure 6, when lever 71 is placed in the free space 74.
  • arm 79 and its end 81 will come back to their starting position thus leading upwards also half-lever 20 which will press on the pusher 11 re-energizing the relay 10.
  • the end 81 has a springy tailpiece 82, on which the lower end of tailpiece 78 shifts when axis 14, because of spring 34, brings back half-lever 20 to its usual rest position, namely integral to lever 21, cam 77 being come back to the position of figure 6.
  • button 60 The electrical functions performed by button 60 in the meanwhile are reported in figure 7, which shows said button 60 rotated 90° counter-clockwise in order to clear up said functions.
  • Said test current generates a current in the secondary winding 39 of transformer 38 which energizes the relay 10 and draws out pusher 11 of figure 2, thus rotating counter-clockwise lever 20, which, in the meantime, had been shifted rightwards by axis 14 pushed in its turn by cam 77 of figure 6, and is released from half-lever 21.
  • Arm 30 of half-lever 20 switches on contacts 83, 84 which, in their turn, switch on the circuit of lamp 89 which lights up, thus confirming to the user that the differential transformer, the relay and the first half-lever work correctly.
  • the breaker could also be provided with a timer programmed with delays corresponding to one month, or to a different lapse of time in case of particular necessities; at the expiry of the programmed time said timer lights up a visual signal, or an acustic one, which indicates to the user that he must press the test button.
  • lever 71 If the user wishes to check all functions of the switch, he just has to move lever 71 from position 74 to position 75. In this case, in fact, the tailpiece 76 of lever 71 goes away from cam 77 which, during the pressure of the finger on button 60 shifts to the end of axis 14 without moving it and then leaving the two half-levers 20, 21 integral to each other.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Einrichtung zum automatischen oder manuellen Testen der Leistungsfähigkeit der empfindlichsten Komponenten eines elektrischen Geräts, insbesondere eines Reststrom-Stromkreisabschalters, die die Kontakte des Hauptstromkreises auch im Falle einer Testbedingung im Normalbetriebszustand hält und einen Hebel umfaßt, der die Bewegung des Stößels eines zum elektrischen Gerät gehörenden Relais auf Einhakmittel überträgt, die den Abschaltmechanismus des Abschalters sperren,
    wobei diese Einrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,
    daß der Hebel (13) in Form zweier Halbhebel (20, 21) doppelt ausgelegt ist; daß der Stößel (11) auf einen ersten (20) der beiden Halbhebel (20, 21) einwirkt; daß die Einrichtung Mittel zum automatischen oder manuellen Injizieren eines simulierten Fehlerstroms enthält, der die Operation des Geräts unter Test veranlaßt; und daß im Falle einer Testbedingung der erste Halbhebel (20) vom zweiten Halbhebel (21) getrennt wird, um die Übertragung der Bewegung vom Stößel (11) zum Einhakmittel (17) zu verhindern, wogegen im Falle der Normalbetriebsbedingung die Halbhebel (20, 21) miteinander vollständig verbunden sind.
  2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Hebel (13) in Form zweier Halbhebel (20, 21) doppelt ausgelegt ist, die an der gleichen Achse (14) schwenkbar angebracht sind, jedoch zwei mögliche gegenseitige Positionen haben:
    (a) eine erste Position, die dem Normalbetriebszustand ohne Einwirkung äußerer Wirkkräfte entspricht, wobei die beiden Halbhebel (20, 21) miteinander vereint sind und somit einen einzigen Hebel bilden, der drehen kann, wobei der Abschaltmechanismus freigegeben und das Abschalten des Schalters gesteuert wird;
    (b) eine zweite Position der beiden Halbhebel (20, 21), die durch die Einwirkung äußerer Wirkkräfte verursacht wird, wenn die Unterbrechung des Sperrmechanismus erwünscht ist, wobei die zweite Position durch Verschieben der Achse (14) der beiden Halbhebel (20, 21) erhalten wird, so daß sich der ziehende Halbhebel (20) vollständig mit der Achse (14) wegen zweier Anschläge (22, 23) an dieser Achse (14) verschiebt, wohingegen der gezogene Halbhebel (21) stehenbleibt, weil er mit dem Gestell (12) verbunden ist und hinsichtlich der Achse (14) frei ist; aufgrund der Verschiebung der Achse (14) ist das Endstück (27) des ziehenden Halbhebels innerhalb eines freien Raumes (28) des gezogenen Halbhebels (21) und dann, während des Tests, kann der Stößel (11) des Relais diesen Halbhebel (20) frei drehen, bis ein Kontakt (29) eingeschaltet wird, der bestätigt, daß das Schutzsystem leistungsfähig ist, wogegen der andere Halbhebel (21) und der Einhakmechanismus im Stillstand sind.
  3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Halbhebeln (20, 21) mittels einer Nadel oder eines Riegels ausgeführt ist, die/der in passende Bohrungen eingeführt ist, die an Seitenwänden der beiden Halbhebel angeordnet sind, die nur dann voneinander unabhängig werden können, wenn eine äußere Wirkkraft, wie ein Elektromagnet, die Nadel oder den Riegel von wenigstens einem der Halbhebel entfernt.
  4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß zwei Halbhebel (20, 21) miteinander über magnetische Mittel vereint sind.
  5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß zwei Halbhebel (20, 21) während des Normalbetriebszustands miteinander vereint sind, wogegen sie während des Tests mittels hydraulischer oder pneumatischer Einrichtungen, die bei den Halbhebeln angebracht und extern geführt werden, voneinander unabhängig werden.
  6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Unterbrechung der Abschaltkette durch Drehung oder/und Verschiebung des Relais (10) mittels einer externen Einrichtung (52, 53, 54) erhalten wird, so daß das Relais (10) während des Tests eine unterschiedliche Position erreicht, in der der Stößel (11) des Relais (10) einen Hebel (56) betätigt, um den Kontakt (58) einzuschalten, der die Schutzwirksamkeit bestätigt.
  7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
    gekennzeichnet durch
    die Zusammensetzung aus einem von außen manuell zu drükkenden Knopf (60), der außer den elektrischen Kontakten, die zum Injizieren eines simulierten, die Operation des Geräts bei Kontrolle veranlassenden Fehlerstroms nötig sind, einen Nocken (77) trägt, der geeignet ist, eine Achse (14) zu verschieben, die ihrerseits einen Halbhebel (20) zur Drehung an dieser Achse (14) freischiebt und die nach dieser Verschiebung ihre Verbindung zu einem zweiten Halbhebel (21) verliert.
  8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Nocken (77), der die Verschiebung der Achse (14) veranlaßt, an der beide Halbhebel (20, 21) drehen, in seiner für den Knopf (60) relevanten Position durch einen am festen Teil des Gerätes schwenkbar gelagerten Hebel (71) verriegelt ist, der unter Gleiten an einer Seite des Nockens (77) ihn in seiner Position bindet, sogar wenn sich der gedrückte Knopf (60) verschiebt, wobei der erwähnte Hebel (71) zwei stabile Positionen hat, von denen die eine die vorher erwähnte ist und die andere in bezug auf die erste um einen beliebigen Winkel gedreht ist, der ihn vom Nocken (77) löst und ihn dann nicht länger verbindet, so daß der Knopf (60) jede beliebige andere Funktion ausführen kann, außer derjenigen, welche der Nocken (77) zu verrichten hat.
  9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß sie mit einfachen Mitteln versehen ist, um aufeinanderfolgend zwei elektrische Stromkreise zu betätigen, wobei der eine der Stromkreis einer Signalisierungslampe (89) ist und der andere geeignet ist, einen Fehlerstrom zu simulieren, wobei die Stromkreise mit den vorher beschriebenen mechanischen Vorgängen synchronisiert sind.
  10. Einrichtung nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen 7, 8, 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Knopf (60) durch ein beliebiges anderes Stellglied (z.B. Hebel oder Drehknopf) ersetzt ist und auf irgendeine Weise ausgeführt und betätigt wird.
EP94109177A 1993-06-22 1994-06-15 Einrichtung zum automatischen oder manuellen Testen eines Schutz-, Steuer- oder Meldegeräts Expired - Lifetime EP0632477B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI931332 1993-06-22
IT001332 IT1264863B1 (it) 1993-06-22 1993-06-22 Dispositivo che a periodi di tempo prefissati e senza interrompere il servizio effettua automaticamente la diagnosi dell'efficienza delle parti piu' importanti di e/o piu' delicate di una apparecchiatura elettrica di protezione o di comando o di segnalazione
ITMI932581 1993-12-06
IT93MI002581A IT1265388B1 (it) 1993-12-06 1993-12-06 Dispositivo manuale per provare l'efficienza dei componenti a maggior rischio di guasto di un'apparecchiatura elettrica, in particolare di

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0632477A2 EP0632477A2 (de) 1995-01-04
EP0632477A3 EP0632477A3 (de) 1995-11-22
EP0632477B1 true EP0632477B1 (de) 1999-08-11

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EP94109177A Expired - Lifetime EP0632477B1 (de) 1993-06-22 1994-06-15 Einrichtung zum automatischen oder manuellen Testen eines Schutz-, Steuer- oder Meldegeräts

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EP (1) EP0632477B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE183333T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69419985T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20062032A1 (it) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-24 Gewiss Spa Interruttore differenziale
FR3057389B1 (fr) * 2016-10-11 2020-12-25 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Appareillage de coupure electrique differentiel comportant un dispositif de test de la fonction differentielle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4152683A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-05-01 Gould Inc. Test means for circuit breaker automatic trip mechanism
AT384120B (de) * 1985-12-02 1987-10-12 Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester Fehlerstrom- und leitungsschutzschalter
US4713639A (en) * 1987-02-20 1987-12-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker with push-to-trip button and trip bar

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DE69419985T2 (de) 2000-01-27
EP0632477A2 (de) 1995-01-04
DE69419985D1 (de) 1999-09-16
ATE183333T1 (de) 1999-08-15
EP0632477A3 (de) 1995-11-22

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