EP0647740A1 - Procédé et appareil pour la réalisation des tranchées revêtues dans le sol; ainsi que tranchées revêtues - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour la réalisation des tranchées revêtues dans le sol; ainsi que tranchées revêtues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0647740A1
EP0647740A1 EP94202765A EP94202765A EP0647740A1 EP 0647740 A1 EP0647740 A1 EP 0647740A1 EP 94202765 A EP94202765 A EP 94202765A EP 94202765 A EP94202765 A EP 94202765A EP 0647740 A1 EP0647740 A1 EP 0647740A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
elements
trench
shells
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94202765A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0647740B1 (fr
Inventor
Jacob Hermen Ketel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEDLAND B.V.
Original Assignee
KETEL JACOB HERMEN NEDLAND BV
KETEL JACOB H
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KETEL JACOB HERMEN NEDLAND BV, KETEL JACOB H filed Critical KETEL JACOB HERMEN NEDLAND BV
Publication of EP0647740A1 publication Critical patent/EP0647740A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0647740B1 publication Critical patent/EP0647740B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
    • E02D29/05—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for making a lined trench in the ground; as well as such a lined trench.
  • the present invention now aims to provide a method enabling a fast and continuous construction of a lined trench which does not require drainage by well points.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that, first of all, a trench is dug into the ground and that, immediately after that, shells are placed consecutively and in sealed adjoining relation in the trench, being supported and anchored by anchoring elements.
  • the groundwater level does not have to be lowered.
  • the upward pressure exerted on the trench lining by the surrounding ground and any groundwater present therein can be made useful, said lining preferably having a semicircular shape in order to advantageously convert all ground forces exerted thereon primarily into pressure forces in the circular walls of the trench lining.
  • the shells are preferably composed of engaging shell segments, around which or inside which a prestressing element is provided, said shells being supported and anchored by the anchoring elements at the upper ends thereof.
  • the shell elements can be easily prefabricated and transferred to the work concerned, where they are linked to each other by a slightly "pivoting" joint and are held under pressure tension, and thus in place, by the prestressing elements.
  • the said prestressing elements may consist of prestressing cables which pass through aligned cavities in the shell elements and are given a certain tension at the ends thereof.
  • Individual sealing elements between or around the shell elements provide the sealing of the trench lining. It is also possible to combine these prestressing elements and seals to a watertight membrane which is placed around the shell elements under prestressing tension during the mounting of the shell elements.
  • the anchoring elements can be formed by girders or head beams placed on piles on both sides of the trench to be formed, which girders are positioned prior to digging the trench to guide the apparatus for implementing the method.
  • the girder or head beam placed on foundation piles has various functions. First of all, it serves as a support and guide for the digging machine, simultaneously being able to absorb the reaction forces of the forward drive. Secondly, the pressure and/or tensile forces on the concrete shell elements and the prestressing elements are diverted, the tensile force on the prestressing element being adjustable, for example, via a tensioning nut by means of a threaded rod extending through the head beam. Thirdly, the head beam has to transfer the possible vertical resultant of the upward force to the surrounding ground via the foundation piles.
  • a fourth function of the embodiment is that it can serve as a foundation for possible noise-protection walls, masts for overhead wires and even for lightweight footbridges over the road or railway passing under these. It is also possible to support the head beams only by means of a vertical pile and to fasten parallel head beams to each other by means of a cross connection.
  • a continuous digging machine For the purpose of digging the trench, a continuous digging machine is used. A rotating digging arm at the front of this machine continuously digs out the ground in front of the machine and removes this via an apparatus which is provided on the digging machine. Under normal circumstances, this machine will be provided with the traditional "cutter head” as used in dredging, in which a rotating head with water jets squirts the ground away and digs. This ground is then pumped away to a dumping site by means of a dredging pump. A “dry” digging method is also possible.
  • the digging machine is provided with a shell-mounting device immediately behind the digging part, which also contains the drive for the digging head, dredging pump and motor.
  • the shell-mounting device may comprise, in one embodiment, a mounting wheel, onto which the shell elements can be fed in order to position the shell elements, by rotation, in the right place in the trench.
  • This independently rotating, entirely circular mounting wheel has a smaller diameter than the circular body or shield of the first part of the digging machine, in order to allow the shell elements to be moved between the mounting wheel and the shield when they are positioned in the trench.
  • the shell elements are disposed in the circumferential rim of the mounting wheel by an automatic stacking apparatus, the orientation of disposition being such that the shell elements automatically slide, by their own weight, into the right position.
  • the membrane In the case of sealing by means of a membrane, the membrane is simultaneously tensioned across the shell element, linking up with the previously placed membrane via a groove joint. As soon as this position is reached, the forward displacement of the digging machine will be interrupted, allowing the coupling of the membranes and the positioning of the concrete shell elements to take place.
  • One half of the wheel may be provided with a progressively increasing diameter, in order to push the ground and groundwater aside.
  • the shield may extend as far as, under and even slightly beyond the mounting wheel.
  • the shell segments are combined to a shell and moved to the right level, in order to be connected to a preceding shell.
  • the shell-mounting device of the apparatus may comprise a mould for constructing a shell from shell elements, which mould is adjustable in height and preferably consists of a segmented inflatable pillow.
  • the trench lining thus placed can be provided with a continuously applied inner lining, for example of reinforced concrete.
  • Fig. 1 is a very schematic longitudinal section of the embodiment of the invention for making a lined trench in the ground.
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the open excavation which remains after the passage of the digging machine and the mounting wheel for the shell elements.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial section on a larger scale according to the line III-III in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows detail IV of Fig. 2 on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 5 shows detail V of Fig. 2 on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the lined trench used as a deepened railway.
  • Fig. 7 is the detail VII of Fig. 1 of an alternative embodiment of the shell-mounting device of the apparatus according to the invention, represented on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 8 shows in a very schematic perspective partial view of the apparatus of Fig. 7 the principal of the shell-mounting device.
  • Fig. 9 is a section of an alternative embodiment of the trench lining according to the invention, corresponding to Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 10 is a view according to the arrow X in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 11 is a perspective view according to the arrow XI in Fig. 10.
  • Fig. 12 is a section according to the line XII-XII in Fig. 10, represented on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 1 of the drawings shows that the apparatus for making a lined trench in the ground comprises a digging wheel 1 in the form of a cutter-suction dredge.
  • the digging wheel 1 is driven by a motor 2.
  • the detached ground A is removed together with water by a dredging pump 3 which is driven by the motor 4.
  • a mounting wheel is provided, which is preferably adjustable in upward and longitudinal direction, and which is driven by a motor 6.
  • this mounting wheel 5 By means of this mounting wheel 5, the axis of which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the apparatus, each shell 8 composed of separate shell elements 7 is moved by rotation into the trench. Any leak water is removed by a vacuum pump 18.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a transverse section the open excavation after digging the trench and applying the shells 8 consisting of shell segments 7. It can be seen that the shells are supported at the ends in upward direction via the straight shell elements 7' by horizontally extending concrete head beams 12 which also have the function to support the wheels 13 of the apparatus for making a lined trench in the ground.
  • the head beams 12 are anchored to the ground by foundation piles 14 provided at regular intervals.
  • Figs. 2 to 5 show that a membrane 15 has been tensioned around each shell. The tension of the membranes 15 is maintained by tensioning pins 16 which are guided through the head beams 12, as can be seen in detail in Fig. 5.
  • the membranes 15 have been installed by means of the mounting wheel 5. Adjacent membranes are interconnected in an autosealing fashion and are resistant to tensile strain by a groove joint 17.
  • Fig. 6 shows the final lined trench, in which a two-track railway has been constructed in a deepened fashion.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 show an alternative method of combining the shell elements 7 to the shell 8.
  • the shell elements 7 are moved, by means not shown, to the right places in the shell on a hydraulic or pneumatic pillow 17 which is part of a shell-mounting device provided close to the rear end of an at least semicircular lower shield 18 of the apparatus.
  • the pillow 17 can be inflated with a gas, such as air, or with a liquid, and preferably the pillow 17 is divided circumferentially into sections or segments, so that the height of the supported shell 8 can be locally adjusted, in order to align the shell elements 7 with the shell elements 7 of a preceding shell.
  • Fig. 7 further shows that the shield 18 is provided at the rear end with a seal with two elastomer sealing lips 19, 20 which are held in sealing engagement with the lower side of the shell 8 which has already been placed by the pressure of the ground and groundwater, as a result of which the space within the lower shield 18 remains dry.
  • This seal 19, 20 is, of course, also applicable to the invention according to Fig. 1.
  • Figs. 9 to 11 show an alternative embodiment of the trench lining, in which the shell elements comprise a number of parallel, circumferentially extending, adjoining cavities 21, through which prestressing cables 22 serving as prestressing elements are guided.
  • prestressing cables 22 do not only pass through the cavities 21 in the shell elements 7, but also through the cavities 23 in the head beams 12.
  • the cavities 21 in the closing, straight upper shell elements 7' and the cavities 23 in the head beams 12 diverge at the ends facing each other, which makes it easier to guide a prestressing cable 22 through them.
  • the cavities 23 in the head beams 12 are provided at shorter intervals than the cavities 21 in the shell elements 7, so that in each relative position still an adjoining cavity 23 can be found.
  • Fig. 12 shows another possible way of linking the shell elements 7 of adjacent shells 8.
  • This consists of a screwed joint 24, which is also known from tunnel construction.
  • the sealing of the adjacent shells is realized in this case by means of sealing elements 25 which are positioned between the adjacent shells 8 and located close to the inner and/or outer side of the shell 8.
  • the seal is not only useful in preventing a leak of groundwater from the exterior to the interior, but also in preventing a leak from the interior to the exterior, for example in the case of calamities, such as the derailment of a train transporting chemicals.
  • the trench lining according to Figs. 7 to 12 can be made as follows. First of all, a shell is composed of shell elements on the pillow 17 and after all the shell elements 7 have been positioned, the entire shell 8 is pressed upwards against the head beams 12 by inflating the pillow 17. Subsequently, the prestressing cables 22 are guided through the head beams 12 and the shell elements 7 and tensioned by tensioning nuts at the ends of the prestressing cables. Then, the screwed joints 24 can be realized, after which the pressure of the pillow 17 can be lowered and the apparatus can be moved forward over the length of one shell.
  • the apparatus can then be locked in the new position, for example secured by means of hydraulic clamps on the head beams 12. As a result of this, it is able to resist the hydraulic forces exerted by the semicircular water front on the shield of the apparatus.
  • the forward movement of the apparatus can be realized by means of hydraulic cylinders which, during this forward movement, react against the shell 8 which has already been mounted.
  • the invention concerns the continuous digging of a trench and the immediate, subsequent construction of a substantially semi-circular tunnel basin, both "in wet conditions” by means of a cutter-suction dredge, and "in dry conditions” by means of a digging wheel.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for application in a slack soil with a high groundwater level, where the traditional methods with drainage by well points involve great disadvantages. This applies to many different types of soil, varying from sandy to peaty soils, but of course preferably a fairly level soil.
  • the lined trench is not only suitable for the construction of roads, railways, tramtracks and the like, but also for the installation therein of pipes, such as sewage pipes and drinking water pipes. Other applications are conceivable as well.
  • the nose of the apparatus is controllable to take bends, and slant shell elements can be used for providing bends in the trench lining.
  • slant shell elements can be used for providing bends in the trench lining.
  • the hydrostatic pressure of the groundwater and the forces of the surrounding ground stabilize the inverse vault construction of the trench lining in the ground.
  • a traditionally designed semicircular reinforced concrete basin can be cast, but it is also possible to leave the cast inner lining out, or to use only an elastomer membrane or a lining of another material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
EP19940202765 1993-10-11 1994-09-26 Procédé et appareil pour la réalisation des tranchées revêtues dans le sol; ainsi que tranchées revêtues Expired - Lifetime EP0647740B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9301758 1993-10-11
NL9301758A NL9301758A (nl) 1993-10-11 1993-10-11 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het in de grond aanbrengen van een beklede sleuf; alsmede een dergelijke beklede sleuf.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0647740A1 true EP0647740A1 (fr) 1995-04-12
EP0647740B1 EP0647740B1 (fr) 1999-06-23

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ID=19862999

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940202765 Expired - Lifetime EP0647740B1 (fr) 1993-10-11 1994-09-26 Procédé et appareil pour la réalisation des tranchées revêtues dans le sol; ainsi que tranchées revêtues

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0647740B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07233697A (fr)
DE (1) DE69419220T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0647740T3 (fr)
NL (1) NL9301758A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115324107A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-11 中交(临沂)建筑科技有限公司 一种预制箱涵安装设备

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5101050B2 (ja) * 2006-06-22 2012-12-19 株式会社大林組 セグメントユニット

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1869265A (en) * 1931-03-28 1932-07-26 Cement Gun Contracting Company Lining ditches and the like
US1924560A (en) * 1931-07-14 1933-08-29 Cement Gun Company Method of forming ditch linings
GB427743A (en) * 1933-10-25 1935-04-25 Nofrango Ltd Improvements in and relating to the building and constructing of canals, channels, dykes, ditches and the like
BE894870A (fr) * 1982-10-29 1983-02-14 Franki N V Sa Procede et dispositif de construction d'ouvrages souterrains, tel qu'un tunnel, une galerie, notamment dans un sol aquifere, et ouvrages ainsi obtenus
DE3446679A1 (de) * 1984-12-21 1986-06-26 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum vortrieb und zum ausbau eines tunnels mit hilfe einer schildvortriebsmaschine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1869265A (en) * 1931-03-28 1932-07-26 Cement Gun Contracting Company Lining ditches and the like
US1924560A (en) * 1931-07-14 1933-08-29 Cement Gun Company Method of forming ditch linings
GB427743A (en) * 1933-10-25 1935-04-25 Nofrango Ltd Improvements in and relating to the building and constructing of canals, channels, dykes, ditches and the like
BE894870A (fr) * 1982-10-29 1983-02-14 Franki N V Sa Procede et dispositif de construction d'ouvrages souterrains, tel qu'un tunnel, une galerie, notamment dans un sol aquifere, et ouvrages ainsi obtenus
DE3446679A1 (de) * 1984-12-21 1986-06-26 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum vortrieb und zum ausbau eines tunnels mit hilfe einer schildvortriebsmaschine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115324107A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-11 中交(临沂)建筑科技有限公司 一种预制箱涵安装设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL9301758A (nl) 1995-05-01
DE69419220D1 (de) 1999-07-29
JPH07233697A (ja) 1995-09-05
DK0647740T3 (da) 1999-11-22
EP0647740B1 (fr) 1999-06-23
DE69419220T2 (de) 1999-12-23

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