EP0650557A1 - Moteur a plasma a derive fermee d'electrons. - Google Patents
Moteur a plasma a derive fermee d'electrons.Info
- Publication number
- EP0650557A1 EP0650557A1 EP92919481A EP92919481A EP0650557A1 EP 0650557 A1 EP0650557 A1 EP 0650557A1 EP 92919481 A EP92919481 A EP 92919481A EP 92919481 A EP92919481 A EP 92919481A EP 0650557 A1 EP0650557 A1 EP 0650557A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- motor according
- buffer chamber
- anode
- channel
- main channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 xenon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0037—Electrostatic ion thrusters
- F03H1/0062—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field
- F03H1/0075—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field with an annular channel; Hall-effect thrusters with closed electron drift
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/54—Plasma accelerators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to plasma motors applied in particular to space propulsion and more particularly plasma motors of the closed electron drift type also called stationary plasma motors or in the United States of America "Hall motors".
- plasma motors applied in particular to space propulsion and more particularly plasma motors of the closed electron drift type also called stationary plasma motors or in the United States of America "Hall motors".
- Electric motors are mainly intended for space propulsion applications.
- sources of ions or plasma they are also used for terrestrial applications, in particular for ionic machining. Thanks to their high specific impulse (from 1500 to 6000s) they allow considerable gains in mass on satellites compared to engines using chemical propulsion.
- Ion thrusters can be divided into several categories.
- a first type of ion propellant is thus constituted by a bombardment ionization engine also called the Kaufman engine. Examples of such a type of propellant are described in particular in documents EP-A-0 132065, WO 89/05404 and EP-A-0 468706.
- propellant atoms are introduced under low pressure into a discharge chamber where they are bombarded by electrons emitted by a hollow cathode and collected by an anode.
- the ionization process is increased by the presence of a magnetic field.
- a certain number of atom-electron collisions lead to the creation of a plasma whose ions are attracted by the acceleration electrodes (output grids), themselves at a negative potential compared to the potential of the plasma.
- the electrodes concentrate and accelerate the ions leaving the propellant in broad radiation.
- the ion radiation is then neutralized by a flow of electrons emitted from an external hollow cathode, called a neutralizer.
- the specific pulses (Isp) obtained by this type of propellants are of the order of 3000 seconds and beyond.
- the power required is around 30W per mN of thrust.
- Other types of ionization motors are constituted by radio frequency ionization motors, contact ionization motors or even field emission motors. .
- An annular channel 1 defined by a piece 2 of insulating material is placed in an electromagnet comprising external annular pole pieces 3 and internal 4 placed respectively outside and inside the piece 2 of insulating material, a cylinder head magnetic 12 arranged upstream of the motor and electromagnet coils 11 which extend over the entire length of the channel 1 and are mounted in series around magnetic cores 10 connecting the external pole piece 3 to the yoke 12.
- a cathode hollow 7, connected to ground, is coupled to a xenon supply device to form a plasma cloud in front of the downstream outlet of the channel 1.
- the ionization and neutralization electrons come from the hollow cathode 7.
- the ionization electrons are drawn into the insulating annular channel 1 by the electric field prevailing between the anode 5 and the plasma cloud coming from the cathode 7.
- the ionization electrons take a drift trajectory in azimuth necessary to maintain the electric field in the channel.
- the ionization electrons then drift along closed paths inside the insulating channel, hence the name of the engine.
- the specific pulse obtained by conventional ion engines with closed electron drift operating with xenon is of the order of 1000 to 2500 seconds.
- the ionization zone is not organized, which results in that they only work well in xenon, that the jet is divergent (+ 20 * d ' beam opening), and the efficiency is limited to around 50%.
- the divergence of the jet causes wear of the wall of the insulating channel, the material of which is usually a mixture of boron nitride and alumina.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known plasma motors and more particularly to modify plasma motors with closed electron drift in order to improve their technical characteristics and in particular to allow better organization of the ionization zone. without creating as much space charge as in ion bombardment engines for example.
- the invention also aims to reduce the divergence of the beam and increase the density of the ion beam, the electrical efficiency, the specific pulse and the lifetime.
- a plasma engine with closed electron drift comprising a main annular ionization and acceleration channel delimited by pieces of insulating material and open at its downstream end, at least one hollow cathode disposed at the exterior of the main annular channel on the side of the downstream part thereof, an annular anode concentric with the main annular channel and disposed at a distance from the open downstream end, first and second means for supplying ionizable gas associated respectively with the hollow cathode and the annular anode, and means for creating a magnetic field in the main annular channel, characterized in that it further comprises an annular buffer chamber which has in the radial direction a dimension larger than that of the main annular channel and extends upstream of the latter beyond the zone in which the annular anode is placed, in that the second means for supplying ionizable gas open upstream of the anode through an annular distributor in a zone distinct from the zone carrying the anode, and in that the means for creating a magnetic field in the
- the buffer chamber has a dimension in the radial direction which is of the order of twice the radial dimension of the main channel.
- the buffer chamber has in the axial direction a dimension which is of the order of 1.5 times the radial dimension of the main channel.
- the magnetic circuit comprises several distinct means for creating a magnetic field and internal and external planar radial pole pieces arranged at the level of the outlet face on either side of the main channel and interconnected by a central core, a cylinder head located upstream of the buffer chamber and a peripheral magnetic circuit disposed axially outside the main channel and the buffer chamber.
- the separate means for creating a magnetic field comprise a first means disposed around and outside the main channel in the vicinity of the downstream end thereof, a second means disposed around of the central core in an area facing the anode and extending partially opposite the buffer chamber, and a third means disposed around the central core between the second means and the downstream end of the main channel.
- the first, second and third means of creation magnets have different sizes.
- the first, second and third magnetic creation means are constituted by induction coils.
- the first, second and third means for creating a magnetic field are formed at least partially by permanent magnets whose Curie point is higher than the engine operating temperature.
- the plasma motor according to the invention has all of the following advantages: a) - more efficient ionization, hence a higher yield, b) - possibility of easily ionizing various propellant gases Xenon, Argon, etc.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view in axial half-section of an example of a closed electron drift plasma engine according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view showing an example of a motor with electron drift plasma according to the prior art
- - Figure 3 is an axial half-section view showing an alternative embodiment of the invention, with a different arrangement of the means for introducing ionizable gas
- - Figures 4 to 7 are partial views in axial half-section plasma motors according to the invention showing different embodiments of the assembly consisting of the buffer chamber, the main channel, the anode and the ionizable gas distributor,
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an example of a plasma engine according to the invention mounted on the structure of a satellite
- - Figure 9 is a detail view showing an example of fixing the insulating parts defining the main channel of a plasma engine according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a plasma engine 20 with closed electron drift according to the invention, which comprises a set of parts 22 of insulating material delimiting an annular channel 21 formed upstream of a first part constituted by a buffer chamber 23 and downstream of a second part constituted by an acceleration channel 24.
- the annular chamber 23 preferably has a dimension in the radial direction which is of the order of twice the dimension in the radial direction of the annular acceleration channel 24.
- the buffer chamber 23 can be a little more shorter than the acceleration channel 24 and advantageously has a length which is of the order of one and a half times the dimension d in the radial direction of the acceleration channel 24.
- the supply line 43 of the anode 25 is disposed in an insulating tube 45 which passes through the bottom of the engine constituted by a plate 36 forming a magnetic yoke and pieces 223,224 of insulating material delimiting the buffer chamber 23.
- An ionizable gas supply tube 26 such as xenon also passes through the cylinder head 36 and the bottom 223 of the buffer chamber 23 to open into an annular gas distributor 27 placed in the bottom of the buffer chamber 23.
- the channel 21 delimited by all of the insulating parts 22 is placed in a magnetic circuit essentially consisting of three coils 31,32,33 and pole pieces 34,35.
- Outer 34 and inner 35 flat pole pieces are placed in the motor outlet plane outside the acceleration channel 24 and determine magnetic field lines which, at the open downstream part of the acceleration channel 24, are substantially parallel to the output plane 59 of the motor 20.
- the magnetic circuit consisting of the pole pieces 34 and 35 is closed by an axial central core 38 and connecting bars 37 arranged at the periphery of the motor in an essentially cylindrical configuration, the central core 38 made of ferromagnetic material and the connecting bars 37 made of ferromagnetic material being in contact with the rear cylinder head 36.
- the cylinder head 36 which is made of ferromagnetic material and constitutes the bottom of the engine can be protected by one or more layers 30 of thermally insulating material which eliminates the heat flux radiated towards the satellite.
- An antipollution screen 39 can also be arranged between the insulating parts 22 and the connecting bars 37.
- the connecting bars 37 and the screen 39 are replaced by a cylindrical or cylindroconical shell which plays both role of closing the magnetic circuit and screen.
- the screen 39 must not oppose the cooling of the engine. It must therefore either receive an internal and external emissive coating, or be applied so as to allow direct radiation towards space.
- the electrons necessary for the operation of the engine are supplied by a hollow cathode 40 which can be of conventional design.
- the cathode 40 which is electrically connected by a line 42 to the negative pole of the voltage source 44, has a circuit 41 for supplying ionizable gas such as xenon, and is located downstream of the outlet zone of the channel acceleration 24.
- the hollow cathode 40 provides a plasma 29 substantially at the reference potential from which the electrons are extracted going towards the anode 25 under the effect of the electrostatic field E due to the difference between the anode 25 and the cathode 40. These electrons have an azimuth drift trajectory in acceleration channel 24 under the effect of the electric field E and the magnetic field B.
- the field at the outlet of channel 24 is 150 to 200 Oe.
- the primary electrons are accelerated by the electrostatic field E, they then strike the wall of the insulator 22, which provides secondary electrons of lower energy.
- the xenon ions thus formed are accelerated by the electrostatic field E in the acceleration channel 24. There is no space charge in the acceleration channel 24 due to the presence of the electrons.
- the ion beam is neutralized by a portion of the electrons from the hollow cathode 40.
- the control of the radial magnetic field gradient obtained thanks to the arrangement of the coils 31 to 33 and the pole pieces 34 and 35 makes it possible to separate the ion acceleration functions of the ionization function obtained in an area close to the anode 25.
- This ionization area can extend partially in the buffer chamber 23.
- An important characteristic of the invention lies in the existence of a buffer chamber 23 which makes it possible to optimize the ionization zone.
- the buffer chamber 23 promotes the reduction of the plasma concentration gradient along the radius as well as the cooling of the electrons at the entrance to the acceleration channel 24, which reduces the divergence of the ion beam on the walls and thus avoids losses of 'ions by collision with the latter, which has the effect of increasing the efficiency and reducing the divergence of the beam at the output of the engine.
- Another important characteristic of the invention lies in the presence of three coils 31 to 33 which can have different dimensions and make it possible to optimize the magnetic field thanks to their specific location.
- a first coil 31 is disposed around and outside the main channel 24 in the vicinity of the downstream end 225 thereof.
- a second coil 32 is disposed around the central core 38 in an area facing the anode 25 and extending partially opposite the buffer chamber 23.
- a third coil 33 is disposed around the central core 38 between the second coil 32 and the downstream end 225 of the main acceleration channel 24.
- the coils 31,32,33 can have different sizes as shown in FIG. 1. The presence of three well differentiated coils 31,32,33 has as a consequence the creation of better directed field lines which make it possible to obtain a better channeled and more parallel jet than on conventional motors.
- the coils 31 to 33 for creating a magnetic field can be replaced at least partially by permanent magnets whose Curie point is higher than the engine operating temperature.
- the annular coil 31 could also be replaced by a set of individual coils and arranged around the various connecting bars 37 constituting the peripheral magnetic circuit.
- All of the induction coils 31, 32 and 33 can also be mounted in series with the electric power source 44 and the cathode 40 of so as to achieve self-regulation of the discharge current.
- the coils 31, 32, 33 can be made of copper wire coated with a high temperature mineral insulator.
- the coils 31 to 33 may also consist of wire of the coaxial type with mineral insulation.
- the magnetic material of the circuit consisting of the pole pieces 34, 35, the central core 38, the bars 37 and the cylinder head 36 can be soft iron, ultra-pure iron, or an iron-chromium alloy with high permeability. magnetic.
- the cooling of the coils 32 and 33 can be improved by a heat pipe placed in the axis of the magnetic core 38 and rejecting the heat towards the cylinder head 36 and the internal radial pole piece 35 radiating towards space.
- the pole pieces 34 and 35 may have a dimension of the order of twenty millimeters in the axial direction.
- each coil 31, 32, 33 and the ratio between the length and the diameter of each of these coils are determined so as to produce in the acceleration channel an essentially radial magnetic field, the maximum of which is located in the outlet plane 59 of the engine, the field lines of which near the outlet 225 are essentially parallel to the outlet face 59 and the field lines of which in the vicinity of the anode 25 are essentially arranged so as to favor the propellant gas in this region.
- Examples of ion propellant according to the invention combining the presence of a buffer chamber 23 and a set of differentiated coils 31, 32, 33 have made it possible to obtain an electrical efficiency of the order of 50 to 70%, ie a improvement on average of 10 to 25% compared to previously known systems.
- the motor according to the invention allows a higher thrust density (for example of the order of 1 to 2 mN / cm 2 of areolar thrust density), therefore a smaller and lighter motor with isotropy , with excellent yield.
- a plasma motor according to the present invention allows obtain a lifespan of at least 5000 to 6000 hours due to the lower erosion of channel 24 linked to the better cylindricity of the ionized jet.
- the plasma motor according to the invention can be the subject of numerous variant embodiments.
- the insulating material constituting the parts 22 delimiting the buffer chamber 23 and the acceleration channel 24 can be constituted in particular by one of the following combinations:
- the insulator 22 can be fixed vis-à-vis one of the pole pieces, for example 34, using an elastic intermediate piece 62 made of metal whose coefficient of expansion is close to that of ceramic (FIG. 9).
- the pieces 22 delimiting the channel 24 can have a heel 61 for retaining the elastic intermediate piece 62 and the fixing of the latter on the pole piece 34 can be done by a connecting screw 63.
- connection between a ceramic material constituting the insulating parts 22 and the metal of the pole pieces 34, 35 can also be obtained for example by brazing, by diffusion welding, by sintering of a ceramic-metallic composition or by hot isostatic pressing.
- the power dissipated in the form of heat losses in the anode 25 and the channel 24 can be evacuated by radiation from the channel 24 to the space downstream as well as by the radiation from the magnetic circuit.
- the latter can be surrounded by a screen 39 located between the pole piece 34 and the yoke 36, as indicated above. To allow its cooling by radiation, this screen 39 is covered with a high-emissivity coating, or perforated. In the latter case, the size of the holes must be small enough to prevent penetration of the plasma.
- the xenon distributor 27 can be made of stainless steel or niobium or even of the same ceramic as the insulating pieces 22.
- the anode 25 can itself be made, for example, of stainless steel, nickel alloy, niobium or graphite.
- the electrical supply of the anode 25 is effected by a hermetic ceramic / metal passage.
- the xenon supply to the annular distributor 27 can be effected by means of an insulating tube if the distributor 27 is itself metallic, in order to prevent a discharge between the anode 25 occurring in the buffer chamber 23 and the distributor 27 which would be grounded in the absence of an insulating tube.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an insulating tube 300 for a metallic distributor 127 which, according to an alternative embodiment, is not disposed in the bottom of the buffer chamber 23, but in the downstream part of this chamber 23 while being separated from the anode 25 itself placed at the entrance of the acceleration channel
- This insulating tube can also be arranged radially at the periphery of the chamber.
- the insulating tube 300 comprises, for example, a ceramic tube 301 brazed at both ends on metal end pieces 302 and filled internally with a lining 303 which may be made of ceramic felt, in a bed of insulating granules or still formed of a stack of insulating plates and metal grids.
- the insulating tube 300 is placed along the acceleration channel 24 between the buffer chamber 23 and the coil 31 so as to minimize the total length of the engine.
- the insulating tube 300 could also be placed between the cylinder head 36 and the buffer chamber 23.
- the insulating parts 22 delimiting the buffer chamber 23 and the acceleration channel 24 can have various configurations, as can the anode 25 which can be cylindrical ( Figures 1,4,7) or conical ( Figures 5 and 6).
- an internal annular part 221 and complementary parts 222, 223, 224 attached to the internal part 221 delimit the buffer chamber 23 and the annular channel 24 while allowing the distributor 27 and the anode 25 to be mounted.
- the pieces of insulating material defining the main channel 24 and the buffer chamber 23 comprise a first part 22c forming an external wall of the buffer chamber 23 and of the main channel 24 and a second part 22d forming a wall internal of the buffer chamber 23 and of the main channel 24 and the distributor 27 of ionizable gas placed in the buffer chamber 23 itself constitutes a connecting element between said first and second parts 22c, 22d.
- the conical anode 50 can be mounted upstream on a conical transition portion 56 between the buffer chamber 23 and the acceleration channel 24.
- the pieces of insulating material defining the main channel 24 and the buffer chamber 23 comprise a first part 22a forming the wall of the buffer chamber 23 and the internal wall of the main channel 24 and a second part 22b forming the outer wall of the main channel 24 and the anode is sealed by portions 51, 52 between the first and second parts 22a, 22b.
- Reference 53 designates an optional cover.
- the distributor 27 can be introduced downstream.
- the embodiment of Figure 5 is similar to that of Figure 4 but shows a conical anode 50 sealed by portions 54,55 between the first and second parts 22a, 22b.
- the anode is attached to one face of the parts 22 of insulating material at the junction between the buffer chamber 23 and the main channel 24.
- the anode 25 is produced in several sections electrically connected to each other (link 57).
- the distributor 27 can be introduced downstream. There exists at the junction 58 between the parts 22e and 22f of material insulating a ceramic-ceramic seal making it possible to produce the channel from two separate elements.
- Figure 8 shows an example of implementation in which the outer shell
- the reference 75 made of magnetic material also constitutes an interface for fixing the engine to the structure 72 of a satellite.
- the reference 71 designates the mechanical interface of the engine and the reference 72 the wall of the satellite parallel to the north-south axis of the geostationary satellite.
- the angle a represents the angle of inclination of the engine relative to the north-south axis 73 of the satellite.
- b which is here always less than a represents the half-angle of divergence of the ion beam.
- Radiation windows 74 are pierced in the shell 75 and covered with a perforated screen 76 which may be a metal screen.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9208744A FR2693770B1 (fr) | 1992-07-15 | 1992-07-15 | Moteur à plasma à dérive fermée d'électrons. |
| FR9208744 | 1992-07-15 | ||
| PCT/FR1992/000836 WO1994002738A1 (fr) | 1992-07-15 | 1992-09-01 | Moteur a plasma a derive fermee d'electrons |
| CA002142607A CA2142607A1 (fr) | 1992-07-15 | 1993-06-21 | Accelerateur de plasma court a derive electronique confinee |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0650557A1 true EP0650557A1 (fr) | 1995-05-03 |
| EP0650557B1 EP0650557B1 (fr) | 1997-05-07 |
Family
ID=25677792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92919481A Expired - Lifetime EP0650557B1 (fr) | 1992-07-15 | 1992-09-01 | Moteur a plasma a derive fermee d'electrons |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5581155A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0650557B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3083561B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2142607A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69219625T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2101870T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2693770B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2121075C1 (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO1994002738A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103953517A (zh) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-07-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 霍尔推进器改进装置 |
Families Citing this family (87)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996006518A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-02-29 | Aeorospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Accelerateur plasmatique a flux electronique ferme |
| RU2088802C1 (ru) * | 1995-12-09 | 1997-08-27 | Исследовательский центр им.М.В.Келдыша | Холловский двигатель |
| ES2296295T3 (es) * | 1995-12-09 | 2008-04-16 | Astrium Sas | Propulsor de efecto hall que puede guiarse. |
| RU2092983C1 (ru) * | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-10 | Исследовательский центр им.М.В.Келдыша | Плазменный ускоритель |
| FR2743191B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-03-27 | Europ Propulsion | Source d'ions a derive fermee d'electrons |
| US5892329A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-04-06 | International Space Technology, Inc. | Plasma accelerator with closed electron drift and conductive inserts |
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| US4841197A (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1989-06-20 | Nihon Shinku Gijutsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Double-chamber ion source |
| US4862032A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1989-08-29 | Kaufman Harold R | End-Hall ion source |
| JPS6477764A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-03-23 | Toshiba Corp | Hall type ion thruster |
| EP0463408A3 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-07-08 | Hauzer Techno Coating Europe Bv | Plasma accelerator with closed electron drift |
| DE69304336T2 (de) * | 1993-06-21 | 1997-01-23 | Europ De Propulsion S E P Soc | Plasmamotor geringer länge mit geschlossenem elektronendrift |
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1992
- 1992-07-15 FR FR9208744A patent/FR2693770B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-01 EP EP92919481A patent/EP0650557B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-01 US US08/367,279 patent/US5581155A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-01 WO PCT/FR1992/000836 patent/WO1994002738A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1992-09-01 ES ES92919481T patent/ES2101870T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-01 DE DE69219625T patent/DE69219625T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-01 JP JP06504187A patent/JP3083561B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-01 RU RU95105253A patent/RU2121075C1/ru active
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1993
- 1993-06-21 WO PCT/FR1993/000610 patent/WO1994002739A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1993-06-21 CA CA002142607A patent/CA2142607A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103953517A (zh) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-07-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 霍尔推进器改进装置 |
| CN103953517B (zh) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-08-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 霍尔推进器改进装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1994002738A1 (fr) | 1994-02-03 |
| DE69219625D1 (de) | 1997-06-12 |
| EP0650557B1 (fr) | 1997-05-07 |
| US5581155A (en) | 1996-12-03 |
| RU2121075C1 (ru) | 1998-10-27 |
| JP3083561B2 (ja) | 2000-09-04 |
| RU95105253A (ru) | 1996-10-27 |
| FR2693770B1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 |
| JPH08500930A (ja) | 1996-01-30 |
| WO1994002739A1 (fr) | 1994-02-03 |
| FR2693770A1 (fr) | 1994-01-21 |
| DE69219625T2 (de) | 1997-11-13 |
| CA2142607A1 (fr) | 1995-01-05 |
| ES2101870T3 (es) | 1997-07-16 |
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