EP0653765A1 - Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator - Google Patents

Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0653765A1
EP0653765A1 EP94470036A EP94470036A EP0653765A1 EP 0653765 A1 EP0653765 A1 EP 0653765A1 EP 94470036 A EP94470036 A EP 94470036A EP 94470036 A EP94470036 A EP 94470036A EP 0653765 A1 EP0653765 A1 EP 0653765A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
breaker
sensor
trigger
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94470036A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0653765B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Mangin
Michel Sacotte
André Devalland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
France Transfo SAS
Original Assignee
France Transfo SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by France Transfo SAS filed Critical France Transfo SAS
Publication of EP0653765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0653765A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0653765B1 publication Critical patent/EP0653765B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H01F2027/404—Protective devices specially adapted for fluid filled transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0291—Structural association with a current transformer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to self-protected immersed polyphase electrical transformers.
  • an "immersed” transformer is a transformer whose electrical windings and magnetic circuit are cooled by immersion in a dielectric liquid (generally a mineral oil) contained in an airtight tank. Depending on whether the liquid dielectric fills all or part of the tank, we will be in the presence of a submerged transformer with “full filling” or “partial filling”.
  • a dielectric liquid generally a mineral oil
  • protected submerged transformer is used to mean a transformer of the aforementioned type comprising equipment intended to protect it against the possible consequences of internal damage, such as deterioration or defects in the insulation, the extent or persistence of which can lead to the bursting of the tank.
  • Document USP 4,192,174 discloses a device for protecting transformers against tank explosions constituted by a detector for variations in the characteristics of the dielectric liquid (such as excess pressure or excessive temperature, or its level) mounted on the tank and capable of '' send an outside alarm signal to a monitoring station.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a global solution to the self-protection of submerged transformers using equipment with autonomous and automatic operation, protecting them from the risk of explosion, whatever the nature of the internal defect. which is the cause.
  • the subject of the invention is a submerged polyphase electric transformer, placed in an airtight tank filled with a dielectric liquid and provided with self-protection equipment against the risks of explosion of the tank by disconnection of the power supply network.
  • the transformer according to the invention is as defined in the attached claims.
  • the invention essentially resides in the design of a device for breaking the passage of the automatic current, autonomous, without intervention from outside the transformer and not resettable by the user (for reasons of security).
  • This device with a very rapid breaking action to avoid the phenomena of electrical arcing during the opening of the circuits, is sensitive both to untimely current overloads and to dielectric liquid anomalies reflecting the birth of an internal local defect. with relatively slow evolution, at least at its beginning.
  • the dangerous faults which can occur in an immersed transformer differ in fact in two categories according to whether their degeneration until the explosion of the tank is a fast process (a few hundredths , or even a few thousandths of a second), or a rather long process (generally a few seconds, but sometimes reaching several hours or even days).
  • Fast-evolving damage is characterized by a large variation in the impedance of the conductor on which it appears, or acts. As a general rule, they are rather located at the free ends of the windings (inputs-outputs).
  • Slow-onset degenerative damage is often a point fault located inside the windings, such as insulation faults in the conductors or the layers of conductors between them making up these windings.
  • This delay in transmitting the presence of a defect must be compatible with the speed of its degeneration process, namely of the order of a second or a few seconds, not beyond, for defects with the slowest progress.
  • the temperature of the dielectric liquid cannot be used as a characteristic whose variations are to be monitored by the sensor.
  • the speed of diffusion of heat within the liquid mass (moreover with a high calorific capacity to ensure good cooling), is far too low indeed in view of the possible rapidity of evolution of the defects to be detected.
  • the senor used will therefore be a pressure sensor preferably, or a sound level meter, or a gas bubble detector for example, but not a temperature probe, since the temperature of the liquid located at the location except in extreme cases, the probe would not be instantly representative of the temperature at another location within the tank.
  • the protective equipment consists of a unit sensitive to changes in the pressure of the dielectric liquid associated with a unit sensitive to sudden current overloads massively called up by the transformer on the supply network.
  • the unit sensitive to changes in the pressure of the dielectric liquid essentially comprises a sensor 1 and an actuator 2.
  • the sensor, mounted on a fixing base 3, is here of the mechanical membrane type (not shown), the deformation of which is transmitted by the rod 4, is proportional to the pressure presented by the dielectric coolant at the place where the membrane is immersed.
  • the actuator comprises a breaker 5 and a trigger 6 linked to the sensor 1 and urging the breaker.
  • the breaker is formed by two connection supports made of electrically insulating plastic, one, the support 7, carrying, by means of bases 29 in bakelite distributed over the length, the terminals 8, 8 ', 8' ' output of phases U, V, W of the three-phase power supply network supplying the transformer, the other support 9, being equipped with the corresponding terminals 10, 10 ', 10' 'for input into the windings (not shown) of the primary of the transformer.
  • the output terminals 8 ... are arranged opposite the input terminals 10 ... on their respective support and cooperate with each other to ensure the electrical contacts in the closed position of the breaker (fig. 2a ).
  • the input terminals 10 ... are formed by copper studs which are encircled by contacts with a copper blade in the form of elastic forks forming the output terminals 8 ...
  • the circuit breaker thus designed is perfectly suited to polyphase transformers to also serve as a switch, tap changer.
  • one of the supports may include, in the immediate vicinity of each of its input terminals 10 ... plates of electrical copper connections connected to the primary winding corresponding to said input terminal according to different entry points of the current in this winding. These different entry points correspond to different voltage values applied to the phase supplying the winding.
  • translatable jumpers for bridging between the input terminal and one or the other of these plates to ensure the adjustment of the transformer to the input voltage imposed on the phases by the supply network.
  • These jumpers can advantageously be carried by a translatable rod parallel to the fixed support 9 and driven by a "rack and pinion" system controlled manually by an operator.
  • the breaker 5 also comprises a means with elastic antagonistic action, here a leaf spring 11, one end of which is fixed on the movable support 7 and the other end bears freely on a vertical surface 28 of a fixed base 12.
  • this spring has the role of constantly tending to place the mobile support 7 in the open position
  • the movable support 7 also includes a rotation locking stop 13 which ensures the locking of the support in the closed position by cooperating with the trigger 6, as will be seen more clearly below.
  • the stop 13 is formed by a finger fixed perpendicular to the movable support 7 and whose free end 14 is shaped as a hook.
  • the trigger 6 is constituted, in the example considered, by a rigid movable element 15 acting as a lever and by a trigger 16.
  • the movable element 15 has its fixed point 17 at one end. The other end 18, left free, cooperates with the trigger 16. The mediating point 19 of the lever 15 is fixed to the end of the rod 4 of the membrane 3 of the sensor 1.
  • the trigger 16 is pivotally mounted on a spring axis 20.
  • a seat 21 of the trigger is urged by the free end 18 of the element 15, and its other seat 22, in opposition to the first, is shaped to maintain the hook end 14 of finger 13.
  • the mobile support 7 is, as can be seen, mounted in bearings 23 provided on the fixed base 12 and which themselves also carry the fixed support 9. At the ends of the latter, complementary bearings 23 'are provided to maintain the movable support 7 at its ends.
  • bearings as well as the fixed support 9 are, like the mobile support 7, made of an electrically insulating material, for example bakelized paper.
  • the breaker 5 In normal operation of the transformer, the breaker 5 is in the closed position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2a.
  • a clearance is advantageously provided for mounting between the end 18 and the trigger. This clearance is set to be filled when the overpressure limit is reached.
  • the end 18 urges the trigger 16, which by pivoting about its axis 20, will release the retaining finger 13 at its other end 22.
  • the movable support 7 thus unlocked, pivots about its axis in order to disconnect the output terminals 8 ... from the corresponding input terminals 10 ..., thus putting the transformer off-circuit.
  • the breaker is then in the irreversible opening position, as shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the entire device is placed inside the transformer tank, so that once the electrical contacts have been broken, it is no longer possible to reset the device without special dismantling of the tank. .
  • the breaker can act within extremely short time periods so that the simultaneous opening of the circuits on the phases is not accompanied, or as little as possible, by electrical arcing phenomena when the paired connection terminals 8 ... and 10 ... move away from each other.
  • This protection device is completed by an additional protection unit which is sensitive to high currents which can be suddenly called up on the supply network by the transformer, for example due to a collapse of the internal impedance caused by a short - local circuit, but with significant ohmic drop.
  • This protection unit is constituted by one, or preferably two fuses, with stepped cut-off thresholds, and connected in cascade on each of the phases of the supply, in series with the electrical connections 8 ...- 10 ..., either downstream, or, as shown in the figures, upstream of these connections with respect to the supply network.
  • these fuses are also fixed on the base 24. They are in the form of cylindrical bars, electrically segmented into three independent parts between them and each relating to a phase of three-phase power.
  • Fuse 27 for example is intended to operate in a very high current intensity range, identified by the letter (c), going beyond 200 A.
  • Fuse 26 mounted in series with the previous one, has a lower operating range (marked with the letter b), ranging from 15 to 200 A, for example.
  • the lower threshold of 15 A corresponds approximately to 3 to 5 times the nominal current of a conventional distribution transformer of 160 kVA of three-phase power.
  • Fuse 26 is intended to protect the transformer against more or less lasting uncontrolled fluctuations in the input impedance of the primary. This can indeed drop drastically and thus make a sudden call of current of intensity, relatively more moderate than that taken into account by the fuse 27, but nevertheless completely detrimental to the behavior of the transformer.
  • the range marked (a) in the figure is the action zone of the breaker 5 described above. Its field of intervention, as already explained, is that of low intensities, that is to say that of the nominal current of operation of the transformer (for example 3 A.), in which the internal anomalies detrimental to the transformer can manifest themselves as very low overcurrents, which therefore easily go unnoticed.
  • the retaining finger 13 can be replaced by a hollow imprint made in the movable support 7 itself.
  • the trigger 16 although advantageous, is not an essential intermediary between the lever 15 and the finger 13, which can be put in direct contact with one another.
  • the solution described above takes direct account of the pressure of the dielectric liquid as a quantity indicative of a rise in temperature.
  • the pressure can be monitored indirectly.
  • the pressure sensor 1 can be replaced by a gas detector.
  • the pressure sensor 1 can be replaced by a gas detector.
  • Such a gas formation detector can advantageously be housed in the highest point of the tank. If necessary, due to the presence of baffles which can form pockets, several detectors will be used distributed at the high points where such pockets are more easily liable to form.
  • the invention applies equally to any other similar electrical device, that is to say to any device comprising electrical windings immersed in a dielectric liquid and which is suitable, for example. for the sake of simplification, also to denote by the general term "transformer" in the present specification.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
EP94470036A 1993-11-15 1994-11-14 Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator Expired - Lifetime EP0653765B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9313700A FR2712730B1 (fr) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Transformateur électrique imergé protégé.
FR9313700 1993-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0653765A1 true EP0653765A1 (de) 1995-05-17
EP0653765B1 EP0653765B1 (de) 1999-12-15

Family

ID=9452921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94470036A Expired - Lifetime EP0653765B1 (de) 1993-11-15 1994-11-14 Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0653765B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE187843T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69422142T2 (de)
EG (1) EG20461A (de)
ES (1) ES2142393T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2712730B1 (de)
MA (1) MA23366A1 (de)
OA (1) OA09967A (de)
ZA (1) ZA948692B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2730357A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-09 Alsthom Gec Systeme permettant de deconnecter electriquement de son alimentation un appareillage electrique a isolation par un dielectrique liquide
EP0800251A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-08 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Schutzsystem für einen Dreiphasenverteiltransformator mit einer durch ein dielektrisches Fluidum unterstützten Isolierung
FR2759212A1 (fr) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-07 Abb Transmit Oy Coupe-circuit destine a deconnecter un appareil electrique d'un reseau electrique
EP1285448A1 (de) * 2001-03-21 2003-02-26 Societe Nouvelle Transfix Toulon Skalierbare transformatorenstation für netze
EP2075807A1 (de) 2007-12-28 2009-07-01 Constructora de Transformadores de Distribucion Cotradis, S.L.U. Elektrische Vorrichtung für ein Verteilungsnetzwerk mit Fehlererkennung, Abschalt- und Entfernungssystem
FR2942353A1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Transfix Toulon Sa Soc Nouv Procede, dispositif et systeme de protection d'un appareil electrique, ainsi que transformateur et poste comportant un tel dispositif ou systeme

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2782409B1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2002-11-29 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4223364A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-09-16 Sangster Harold L Pressure and temperature responsive protective devices
EP0093076A2 (de) * 1982-04-26 1983-11-02 Cooper Power Systems, Inc. Primärschutzschalter
DE3543584A1 (de) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-11 Volta Werke Electricitaet Transformator mit sicherungseinrichtung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4223364A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-09-16 Sangster Harold L Pressure and temperature responsive protective devices
EP0093076A2 (de) * 1982-04-26 1983-11-02 Cooper Power Systems, Inc. Primärschutzschalter
DE3543584A1 (de) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-11 Volta Werke Electricitaet Transformator mit sicherungseinrichtung

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2730357A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-09 Alsthom Gec Systeme permettant de deconnecter electriquement de son alimentation un appareillage electrique a isolation par un dielectrique liquide
EP0800251A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-08 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Schutzsystem für einen Dreiphasenverteiltransformator mit einer durch ein dielektrisches Fluidum unterstützten Isolierung
FR2747245A1 (fr) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-10 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Systeme de protection d'un transformateur de distribution triphase a isolation dans un dielectrique liquide
US5898556A (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-04-27 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Protection system for a three-phase distribution transformer insulated in a liquid dielectric
FR2759212A1 (fr) * 1997-02-06 1998-08-07 Abb Transmit Oy Coupe-circuit destine a deconnecter un appareil electrique d'un reseau electrique
BE1012970A5 (fr) * 1997-02-06 2001-07-03 Abb Transmit Oy Coupe-circuit pour debrancher un appareil electrique du reseau electrique.
US6479780B2 (en) 1997-02-06 2002-11-12 Abb Oy Circuit breaker for disconnecting an electrical apparatus from electrical network
EP1285448A1 (de) * 2001-03-21 2003-02-26 Societe Nouvelle Transfix Toulon Skalierbare transformatorenstation für netze
EP2075807A1 (de) 2007-12-28 2009-07-01 Constructora de Transformadores de Distribucion Cotradis, S.L.U. Elektrische Vorrichtung für ein Verteilungsnetzwerk mit Fehlererkennung, Abschalt- und Entfernungssystem
FR2942353A1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Transfix Toulon Sa Soc Nouv Procede, dispositif et systeme de protection d'un appareil electrique, ainsi que transformateur et poste comportant un tel dispositif ou systeme
EP2221838A1 (de) 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 Societe Nouvelle Transfix Toulon Verfahren, Vorrichtung und System zum Schutz eines elektrischen Geräts, sowie Transformator und Anlage, die eine solche Vorrichtung oder ein solches System umfassen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
OA09967A (fr) 1995-12-11
DE69422142T2 (de) 2000-08-24
MA23366A1 (fr) 1995-07-01
FR2712730B1 (fr) 1995-12-29
DE69422142D1 (de) 2000-01-20
FR2712730A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
ATE187843T1 (de) 2000-01-15
ES2142393T3 (es) 2000-04-16
EG20461A (fr) 1999-05-31
EP0653765B1 (de) 1999-12-15
ZA948692B (en) 1995-07-03

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