EP0653765B1 - Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator - Google Patents

Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0653765B1
EP0653765B1 EP94470036A EP94470036A EP0653765B1 EP 0653765 B1 EP0653765 B1 EP 0653765B1 EP 94470036 A EP94470036 A EP 94470036A EP 94470036 A EP94470036 A EP 94470036A EP 0653765 B1 EP0653765 B1 EP 0653765B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
breaker
sensor
protection against
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94470036A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0653765A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Mangin
Michel Sacotte
André Devalland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
France Transfo SAS
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France Transfo SAS
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Filing date
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Application filed by France Transfo SAS filed Critical France Transfo SAS
Publication of EP0653765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0653765A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H01F27/404—Protective devices specially adapted for fluid filled transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0291—Structural association with a current transformer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical transformers self-protected immersed polyphase.
  • an “immersed” transformer is a transformer of which the electrical windings and the circuit are cooled by immersion in a dielectric liquid (usually mineral oil) contained in a hermetic tank. Depending on whether the liquid dielectric fills any or part of the tank. we will be in the presence of a transformer submerged “full fill” or “partial fill”.
  • protected submerged transformer a transformer of the aforementioned type comprising equipment intended for protect it from the possible consequences of damage internal, such as damage or insulation faults and the extent or persistence of which can lead to bursting of the tank.
  • Such a tank strengthening solution attaches actually the effects of a rise in temperature. Moreover, it results in a significant additional cost of the transformer, and its application remains limited to devices of relatively weak power.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a global solution to self-protection of submerged transformers using a equipment with autonomous and automatic operation, preserving the risk of explosion, whatever the nature of the internal defect which is the cause.
  • the invention relates to a transformer submersible polyphase electric heater, placed in an airtight tank filled with dielectric liquid and provided with equipment self-protection against the risk of explosion of the tank by disconnection from the power supply network.
  • the transformer according to the invention is as defined in the attached claims.
  • the invention resides essentially in the design of a rupture device automatic, autonomous current flow, without intervention from outside the transformer and not resettable by the user (for security reasons).
  • This action device very quick break to avoid arcing phenomena electric when opening circuits, is sensitive to both untimely current overloads and anomalies dielectric liquid reflecting the birth of a local internal defect with relatively slow evolution, at less at its beginning.
  • Rapidly developing damage is characterized by large variation in the impedance of the conductor on which they appear, or act. As a rule, they lie rather at the free ends of the windings (inputs-outputs).
  • This delay in transmitting the presence of a defect must be compatible with the speed of its process degeneration, i.e. of the order of a second or a few seconds, not beyond, for evolving faults the slowest.
  • the temperature of the dielectric liquid does not can be used as a characteristic whose variations are monitor by the sensor.
  • the speed of diffusion of the heat within the liquid mass, (in addition to capacity high heat to ensure good cooling), is far too weak indeed in view of the possible speed evolution of the defects to be detected.
  • the senor used will therefore be preferably a pressure sensor, or a sound level meter, or a gas bubble detector for example, but not a probe of temperature, because the temperature of the liquid identified at except in extreme cases, the location of the probe would not be instantly representative of temperature to another place within the tank.
  • the protective equipment consists of by a unit sensitive to changes in the pressure of the dielectric liquid associated with a unit sensitive to brutal current overloads called massively by the transformer on the supply network.
  • the unit sensitive to changes in the pressure of the dielectric liquid essentially comprises a sensor 1 and an actuator 2.
  • the sensor, mounted on a mounting plate 3 is here of the mechanical membrane type (not shown), of which the deformation, transmitted by the rod 4, is proportional at the pressure of the dielectric coolant where the membrane is submerged.
  • the actuator comprises a breaker 5 and a trigger 6 linked to sensor 1 and requesting the breaker.
  • the breaker is formed by two connection supports in electrically insulating plastic material, one, support 7, bearing via bakelite bases 29 distributed over the length, terminals 8, 8 ', 8' 'of output phases U, V, W of three-phase power supply network supplying the transformer, the other support 9, being fitted with terminals corresponding 10, 10 ', 10' 'entry in the windings not represented from the transformer primary.
  • the output terminals 8 ... are arranged opposite the input terminals 10 ... on their respective support and cooperate with each other to ensure electrical contacts in the closed position of the switch (fig. 2a).
  • the input terminals 10 ... consist of copper studs that are encircled by contacts with shaped copper blades of elastic forks forming the output terminals 8 ...
  • the breaker thus designed happens to be perfectly suited to polyphase transformers to serve also of switch, tap changer.
  • one of the supports may include in the immediate vicinity of each of its input terminals 10 ... copper electrical connections connected to the winding of the primary corresponding to said input terminal according to different entry points of the current in this winding. These different entry points correspond to values of different voltages applied to the phase supplying the winding.
  • translatable jumpers bridging between the input terminal and both of these plates to ensure the adjustment of the transformer to the input voltage imposed on the phases by the network feed.
  • These riders can advantageously be carried by a translatable rod parallel to the fixed support 9 and driven by a controlled rack and pinion system manually by an operator.
  • the breaker 5 also includes an antagonistic action means elastic, here a leaf spring 11, one end of which is fixed on the mobile support 7 and the other end takes free support on a vertical surface 28 of a fixed base 12.
  • an antagonistic action means elastic here a leaf spring 11, one end of which is fixed on the mobile support 7 and the other end takes free support on a vertical surface 28 of a fixed base 12.
  • this spring has the role of tending in constantly placing the mobile support7 in the open position
  • the movable support 7 also includes a stop for rotation lock 13 which ensures the blocking of the support in the closed position by cooperating with the trigger 6, as we will see better later.
  • the stop 13 is formed by a finger fixed perpendicular to the movable support 7 and whose free end 14 is hook shaped.
  • the trigger 6 consists, in the example considered, by a rigid movable element 15 leveraging and by a trigger 16.
  • the movable element 15 has its fixed point 17 at one end.
  • the median point 19 of the lever 15 is fixed at the end of the rod 4 of the membrane 3 of the sensor 1.
  • the trigger 16 is pivotally mounted on a spring axis 20.
  • a range 21 of the trigger is biased by the end free 18 of element 15, and its other bearing 22. in opposition at the first, is shaped to maintain the end crochet 14 with finger 13.
  • the mobile support 7 is, as can be seen, mounted in bearings 23 provided on the fixed base 12 and which carry themselves also the fixed support 9. At the ends of this last, additional bearings 23 'are provided for hold the movable support 7 at its ends.
  • These bearings as well as the fixed support 9 are, like the mobile support 7, in an electrically insulating material, for example in Bakelized paper.
  • the device which has just been described operates from the as follows:
  • the switch 5 In normal operation of the transformer, the switch 5 is in closed position, as shown in figs. 1 and 2a.
  • a game is advantageously provided for mounting between the end 18 and the trigger. This game is set for be filled when the overpressure limit is reached.
  • the end 18 requests the trigger 16, which by pivoting around its axis 20, will release the finger from retainer 13 at its other end 22.
  • the movable support 7 thus unlocked, pivots around its axis in order to disconnect the output terminals 8 ... from the terminals corresponding input 10 ..., thus putting the transformer off-circuit.
  • the breaker is then in an irreversible position as shown in Figure 2b.
  • the entire device is placed inside of the transformer tank, so that the breaking of electrical contacts once made, it is no longer possible to reset the device without special disassembly intervention of the tank.
  • the breaker can act in an extremely short time so that simultaneous opening of the circuits on the phases is not accompanied no, or as little as possible, electrical arcing phenomena when the paired connection terminals 8 ... and 10 ... move away from each other.
  • This protection device is completed by a additional protection sensitive to high currents can be suddenly called on the power network by the transformer, for example due to a collapse internal impedance caused by a local short circuit, but with a significant ohmic drop.
  • This protection unit is made up of, or preferably two fuses, with stepped cut-off thresholds, and mounted in cascade on each of the phases of the power supply, in series with electrical connections 8 ...- 10 ..., either downstream, or, as shown in the figures, upstream of these connections by relation to the power network.
  • these fuses are also fixed on the base 24. They are are in the form of segmented cylindrical bars electrically in three independent parts between them and each relating to a phase of the three-phase supply.
  • Fuse 27 for example is intended to operate in a very high current intensity range, identified by the letter (c), going beyond 200 A.
  • Fuse 26 mounted in series with the previous one, has a lower operating range (marked by the letter b), ranging from 15 to 200 A, for example.
  • the threshold 15 A lower, approximately 3 to 5 times the nominal current of a distribution transformer classic 160 kVA three-phase power.
  • Fuse 26 is intended to protect the transformer against fluctuations more or less lasting uncontrolled impedance primary school entrance. This can indeed drop drastically and thus make a brutal call of intensity current, relatively more moderate than that taken into account by the fuse 27 but nevertheless completely detrimental to the transformer outfit.
  • the range marked (a) in the figure is the action area of the switch 5 described above. His area of intervention, as we have already explained, is that of low intensities, i.e. that of the nominal operating current of the transformer (for example 3 A.), in which the anomalies internal detrimental to the transformer may occur by very low overcurrents, which therefore pass easily overlooked.
  • the retaining finger 13 can be replaced by a hollow imprint made in the support mobile 7 itself.
  • the trigger 16 although advantageous, is not an essential intermediary between the lever 15 and the finger 13, which can be linked directly to each other.
  • the pressure can be indirectly monitored.
  • the pressure 1 can be replaced by a gas detector.
  • Such a gas formation detector can be accommodated advantageously in the highest point of the tank. Yes necessary, due to the presence of baffles which may form pockets, we will use several distributed detectors at high points where such pockets are more easily susceptible to train.
  • the invention also applies to any other electrical appliance similar, that is to say any device comprising electric windings immersed in a dielectric liquid and which we agree, for the sake of simplification, to name also by the general term "transformer" in the present brief.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Elektrischer, mehrphasiger, eingetauchter Transformator, der in eine dichte Wanne eingesetzt ist, die mit einer dielektrischen Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist und der mit einer Vorrichtung zum Selbstschutz gegen die Explosionsgefahren der Wanne durch das Abschalten des Stromversorgungsnetzes versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung besteht:
    einerseits aus einer Schutzeinheit, die auf interne Fehler mit einer langsamen Degenerationsgeschwindigkeit reagiert und die in die dielektrische Flüssigkeit innerhalb der Wanne eingetaucht ist, und aufweist:
    einen Sensor (1), der auf Schwankungen einer ausgewählten Eigenschaft der dielektrischen Flüssigkeit reagiert, wie z.B. dem Druck, dessen Messung an irgendeiner Stelle für das Auftreten eines lokalen Fehlers an einem beliebigen anderen Ort innerhalb der Wanne charakteristisch ist, wobei der Sensor ein Signal als Antwort auf diese Schwankungen übermittelt:
    einen mehrphasigen, nicht rückstellbaren Unterbrecher (5) in Kontakt zwischen den Phasen der Stromversorgung (u.v.w.) und den entsprechenden Primärspulen des Transformators:
    und einen Auslöser (6) zur Bedienung der Öffnung des Unterbrechers (5), der durch das von dem Sensor (1) übermittelte Signal angeregt wird, wenn die Amplitude des Signals eine voreingestellte Sicherheitsschwelle übersteigt:
    andererseits aus einer Schutzeinheit gegen Überlastungen durch den Strom, die über das Versorgungsnetz durch den Transformator hervorgerufen werden, und zumindest eine Sicherung (27) auf jeder der Phasen (u.v.w) der Versorgung aufweist.
  2. Transformator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzeinheit gegen Überlastungen durch den Strom für jede der Phasen der Stromversorgung aus einer Gruppe von zumindest zwei Sicherungen (26, 27) mit mehrstufigen und in Serie ansteigenden Unterbrechungsschwellen besteht.
  3. Transformator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzeinheit gegen Überlastungen durch den Strom ebenfalls in die dielektrische Flüssigkeit innerhalb der Wanne eingetaucht ist.
  4. Transformator nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor (1) von mechanischer Art ist und ein Signal in Form einer Kraft übermittelt, die an den Auslöser (6) angelegt wird, um diesen zu aktivieren, wenn die Sicherheitsschwelle überschritten ist.
  5. Transformator nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Unterbrecher (5) aufweist:
    zwei Halter (7, 9) für Stromanschlüsse aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, wobei der eine (9) die Eingangsanschlüsse(10, 10', 10") für den Strom in die Primärspulen des Transformators trägt, der andere (7) die entsprechenden Ausgangsanschlüsse(8, 8', 8") der Phasen der Stromversorgung trägt, wobei diese Eingangs- und Ausgangsanschlüsse auf ihren jeweiligen Haltern einander gegenüber liegen und mit Kontakt zwischen ihnen angeordnet sind, um die elektrische Verbindung des Transformators in der geschlossenen Stellung des Unterbrechers zu gewährleisten, wobei der eine (9) der Halter feststehend ist und der andere (7) zwischen einer geschlossenen Stellung und einer offenen Stellung des Unterbrechers um seine Achse drehbar angeordnet ist:
    Mittel (11) zur elastischen Rückstellung, die dauerhaft gespannt sind, um den Unterbrecher (5) in einer geöffneten Stellung zu halten, indem durch Drehung des beweglichen Halters (7) die Ausgangsanschlüsse (8,...) und die Eingangsanschlüsse (10,...) voneinander entfernt werden.
    und eine Einrichtung (13) zur Drehverriegelung des beweglichen Halters (7), die die Beibehaltung des Unterbrechers (5) in geschlossener Stellung im Eingriff mit dem Auslöser (6) gewährleistet.
  6. Transformator nach Anspruch 5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem beweglichen Halter (7) die Anschlüsse (8) auf Trägerteilen (29) angeordnet sind, die diese von der Drehachse des Halters entfernen.
  7. Transformator nach Anspruch 5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Halter (7) drehbar in Lagern (23) befestigt ist, die zugleich den feststehend Halter (9) tragen, wobei die Lager durch einen Sockel (12) getragen werden, der auf einer Grundplatte (24) befestigt ist, und den Auslöser (6) trägt sowie mit einer Stützfläche (28) für die Mittel zur elastischen Rückstellung (11) versehen ist.
  8. Transformator nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslöser (6) durch ein bewegliches Element (15), das durch den Sensor (1) angeregt wird, und durch eine schwenkbare Halterung (16) mit einer Rückstellfeder (20) gebildet wird, deren eines Ende (22) mit der Drehverriegelung (13) des beweglichen Halters (7) zusammenwirkt, um den Unterbrecher (5) in geschlossener Stellung zu halten, und deren anderes Ende (21) mit dem beweglichen Element (15) zusammenwirkt.
  9. Transformator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzeinheit gegen Überlastungen durch den Strom in Stromaufwärtsrichtung der Schutzeinheit angeordnet ist, die auf Eigenschaften der dielektrischen Flüssigkeit bezüglich der Stromversorgung reagiert.
  10. Transformator nach Anspruch 5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Unterbrecher Schaltvorrichtungen enthält, die es erlauben gleichzeitig die Stromeingangsstelle mit den Primärspulen an den Spannungswert anzupassen, mit dem das Stromnetz jede Phase der Versorgung beaufschlagt.
EP94470036A 1993-11-15 1994-11-14 Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator Expired - Lifetime EP0653765B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9313700A FR2712730B1 (fr) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Transformateur électrique imergé protégé.
FR9313700 1993-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0653765A1 EP0653765A1 (de) 1995-05-17
EP0653765B1 true EP0653765B1 (de) 1999-12-15

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EP94470036A Expired - Lifetime EP0653765B1 (de) 1993-11-15 1994-11-14 Selbstättig geschützter eingetauchter mehrphasiger elektrischer Transformator

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0653765B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE187843T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69422142T2 (de)
EG (1) EG20461A (de)
ES (1) ES2142393T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2712730B1 (de)
MA (1) MA23366A1 (de)
OA (1) OA09967A (de)
ZA (1) ZA948692B (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2730357A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-09 Alsthom Gec Systeme permettant de deconnecter electriquement de son alimentation un appareillage electrique a isolation par un dielectrique liquide
FR2747245B1 (fr) * 1996-04-04 1998-05-15 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Systeme de protection d'un transformateur de distribution triphase a isolation dans un dielectrique liquide
FI102329B1 (fi) * 1997-02-06 1998-11-13 Abb Transmit Oy Kytkin sähköisen laitteen erottamiseksi sähköverkosta
FR2782409B1 (fr) * 1998-08-14 2002-11-29 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles
FR2822601B1 (fr) * 2001-03-21 2004-12-24 Transfix Toulon Soc Nouv Poste de transformation evolutif pour reseaux en coupure d'artere
ES2527091T3 (es) 2007-12-28 2015-01-20 Constructora De Transformadores De Distribución Cotradis, S.L.U. Equipo eléctrico para red de distribución con sistema de detección, desconexión y eliminación de faltas
FR2942353B1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2011-06-17 Transfix Toulon Sa Soc Nouv Procede, dispositif et systeme de protection d'un appareil electrique, ainsi que transformateur et poste comportant un tel dispositif ou systeme

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4223364A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-09-16 Sangster Harold L Pressure and temperature responsive protective devices
US4435690A (en) * 1982-04-26 1984-03-06 Rte Corporation Primary circuit breaker
DE3543584A1 (de) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-11 Volta Werke Electricitaet Transformator mit sicherungseinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2712730A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
OA09967A (fr) 1995-12-11
EP0653765A1 (de) 1995-05-17
EG20461A (fr) 1999-05-31
DE69422142T2 (de) 2000-08-24
ATE187843T1 (de) 2000-01-15
ZA948692B (en) 1995-07-03
ES2142393T3 (es) 2000-04-16
DE69422142D1 (de) 2000-01-20
MA23366A1 (fr) 1995-07-01
FR2712730B1 (fr) 1995-12-29

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