EP0659214A1 - Proteines et peptides allergenes tires du pollen du cedre du japon - Google Patents

Proteines et peptides allergenes tires du pollen du cedre du japon

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Publication number
EP0659214A1
EP0659214A1 EP93903013A EP93903013A EP0659214A1 EP 0659214 A1 EP0659214 A1 EP 0659214A1 EP 93903013 A EP93903013 A EP 93903013A EP 93903013 A EP93903013 A EP 93903013A EP 0659214 A1 EP0659214 A1 EP 0659214A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cjl
peptide
allergen
cryj
japanese cedar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93903013A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Irwin J. Griffith
Joanne Pollock
Julian F. Bond
Richard D. Garman
Mei-Chang Kuo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Immulogic Pharmaceutical Corp
Original Assignee
Immulogic Pharmaceutical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Immulogic Pharmaceutical Corp filed Critical Immulogic Pharmaceutical Corp
Priority claimed from PCT/US1993/000139 external-priority patent/WO1994001560A1/fr
Publication of EP0659214A1 publication Critical patent/EP0659214A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Definitions

  • allergens are known as allergens.
  • Anaphylaxis or atopy which includes the symptoms of hay fever, asthma, and hives, is one form of immediate allergy. It can be caused by a variety of atopic allergens, such as products of grasses, trees, weeds, animal dander, insects, food, drugs, and chemicals.
  • the antibodies involved in atopic allergy belong primarily to the IgE class of immunoglobulins.
  • IgE binds to mast cells and basophils.
  • the IgE may be cross-linked on the cell surface, resulting in the physiological effects of IgE-antigen interaction.
  • physiological effects include the release of, among other substances, histamine, serotonin, heparin, a chemotactic factor for eosinophilic leukocytes and/or the leukotrienes, C4, D4, and E4, which cause prolonged constriction of bronchial smooth muscle cells (Hood, L.E. et al.
  • Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is one of the most important allergic diseases in Japan. The number of patients suffering from this disease is on the increase and in some areas, more than 10% of the population are affected. Treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis by administration of Japanese cedar pollen extract to effect hyposensitization to the allergen has been attempted. Hyposensitization using Japanese cedar pollen extract, however, has drawbacks in that it can elicit anaphylaxis if high doses are used, whereas when low doses are used to avoid anaphylaxis, treatment must be continued for several years to build up a tolerance for the extract.
  • SBP Sugi basic protein
  • Cryj I The major allergen from Japanese cedar pollen has been purified and designated as Sugi basic protein (SBP) or Cryj I. This protein is reported to be a basic protein with a molecular weight of 41-50 kDa and a pi of 8.8. There appear to be multiple isoforms of the allergen, apparently due in part to differential glycosylation (Yasueda et al. (1983) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 71: 77-86; and Taniai et al. (1988) FEBS Letters 239: 329-332. The sequence of the first twenty amino acids at the N-terminal end of Ciyj I and a sixteen amino acid internal sequence have been determined (Taniai supra).
  • Cryj II A second allergen from Japanese cedar pollen having a molecular weight of about 37 kDa known as Cryj II has also been reported (Sakaguchi et al. ( 1990) Allergy 45: 309-312). This allergen was found to have no immunological cross-reactivity with Ct j I. Most patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were found to have IgE antibodies to both Cryj I and Cryj II, however, sera from some patients reacted with only Ctyj I or Cryj II.
  • U.S. patent 4,939,239 issued July 3, 1990 to Matsuhashi et al. discloses a hyposensitization agent comprising a saccharide covalently linked to a Japanese cedar pollen allergen for hyposensitization of persons sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen.
  • This hyposensitization agent is reported to enhance the production of IgG and IgM antibodies, but reduce production of IgE antibodies which are specific to the allergen and responsible for anaphylaxis and allergy.
  • the allergens used in the hyposensitization agent preferably have an NH2-te ⁇ ninal amino acid sequence of Asp-Asn-Pro-Ile-Asp-Ser-X-Trp-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Asn-Trp-Ala-Gln-Asn-Arg-
  • Met-Lys- wherein X is Ser, Cys, Thr, or His (SEQ ID NO: 18). Additionally.
  • Ciyj I allergen found in Cryptomeria japonica has also been found to be cross-reactive with allergens in the pollen from other species of trees, including Cupressus sempervirens. Panzani et al. (Annals of Allergy 57:
  • a 50 kDa allergen isolated from Mountain Cedar (Juniperus sabinoides, also known as Junipents ashei) has the NH2-terminal sequence AspAsnProIleAsp (SEQ ID NO: 25) (Gross et al, (1978) Scand. J.
  • the Cr j I allergen has also been found to be allergenically cross-reactive with the following species of trees: Cupressus a ⁇ zonica, Cupressus macrocarpa, Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus communis, Thuya orientalis , and Chamaecyparis obtusa.
  • the present invention provides nucleic acid sequences coding for the Ctyptomeria japonica major pollen allergen Cryj I and fragments thereof.
  • the present invention also provides isolated Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof produced in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof and fragments of Cryj I prepared synthetically.
  • the present invention also provides Jun v I and Jun s I protein allergens which are immunologically cross-reactive with Cryj I and fragments of Jun v I and Jun s I produced in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence coding for Jun s I or Jun v I respectively and fragments of Jun s I and Jun v I prepared synthetically.
  • the present invention further provides nucleic acid sequences coding for Jun v I and Jun s I and fragments thereof.
  • a fragment of the nucleic acid sequence coding for the entire amino acid sequence of Cryj I, Jun s I or Jun v I refers to a nucleotide sequence having fewer bases than the nucleotide sequence coding for the entire amino acid sequence of Cryj I, Jun s i ox Jun v I and/or mature Cryj I, Jun s I or Jun v I.
  • Cryj I, Jun s l ot Jun v I and fragments thereof are useful for diagnosing, treating, and preventing Japanese cedar pollinosis as well as pollinosis caused by pollen from other species of trees wherein such pollen is immunologically cross- reactive with Japenese cedar pollen allergen.
  • Peptides within the scope of the invention preferably comprise at least one T cell epitope, and more preferably at least two T cell epitopes of Cryj I.
  • the invention further provides peptides comprising at least two regions, each region comprising at least one T cell epitope of a Japanese cedar pollen protein allergen.
  • the invention also provides modified peptides having similar or enhanced therapeutic properties as the corresponding, naturally-occurring allergen or portion thereof, but having reduced side effects, as well as modified peptides having improved properties such as increased solubility and stability.
  • Peptides of the invention are capable of modifying, in a Japanese cedar pollen- sensitive individual or in an individual who is sensitive to an allergen cross- reactive with Japanese cedar pollen, to whom they are administered, the allergic response of the individual to a Japanese cedar pollen allergen or an allergen cross-reactive with Japanese cedar pollen such as Jun s I or Jun v I.
  • Methods of treatment or diagnosis of sensitivity to Japanese cedar pollen or a cross-reactive allergen in an individual and therapeutic compositions comprising one or more peptides of the invention are also provided. This invention is more particularly described in the appended claims and is described in its preferred embodiments in the following description.
  • Fig. la is a graphic representation of affinity purified Cryj I on
  • Fig. lb shows an SDS-PAGE (12.5%) analysis of the fractions from the major peak shown in Fig la;
  • Fig. 2 shows a Western blot of isoforms of purified native Cryj I proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and probed with mAB CBF2;
  • Fig. 3 is a graphic representation of allergic sera titration of different purified fractions of purified native Cryj I using plasma from a pool of fifteen allergic patients;
  • Figs. 4a-b show the composite nucleic acid sequence from the two overlapping clones JC 71.6 and pUC19JC91a coding for Cryj I.
  • the complete cDNA sequence for Cryj I is composed of 1312 nucleotides, including 66 nucleotides of 5' untranslated sequence, an open reading frame starting with the codon for an initiating methionine of 1122 nucleotides, and a 3' untranslated region.
  • Figs. 4a-b also show the deduced amino acid sequence of Cryj I;
  • Fig. 5a is a graphic representation of the results of IgE binding reactivity wherein the coating antigen is soluble pollen extract (SPE) from Japanese cedar pollen;
  • SPE soluble pollen extract
  • Fig. 5b is a graphic representation of the results of IgE binding reactivity wherein the coating antigen is purified native Cryj I;
  • Fig. 6 is a graphic representation of the results of a competition ELISA with pooled human plasma (PHP) from 15 patients wherein the coating antigen is soluble pollen extract (SPE) from Japanese cedar pollen;
  • PHP pooled human plasma
  • SPE soluble pollen extract
  • Fig. 7 is a graphic representation of the results of a competition ELISA using plasma from individual patients (indicated by patient numbers) wherein the coating antigen is soluble pollen extract (SPE) from Japanese cedar pollen and the competing antigen is purified native Cryj I;
  • Fig. 8a is a graphic representation of the results from a direct binding ELISA using plasma from seven individual patients (indicated by patient numbers) wherein the coating antigen is soluble pollen extract (SPE) from Japanese cedar pollen;
  • Fig. 8a is a graphic representation of the results from a direct binding ELISA using plasma from seven individual patients (indicated by patient numbers) wherein the coating antigen is soluble pollen extract (SPE) from Japanese cedar pollen;
  • 8b is a graphic representation of the results from a direct binding ELISA using plasma from seven individual patients (indicated by patient numbers) wherein the coating antigen is denatured soluble pollen extract which has been denatured by boiling in the presence of a reducing agent, DTT;
  • Fig. 9 is a graphic representation of a direct ELISA where the wells were coated with recombinant Cryj I (rCry j I) and IgE binding was assayed on individual patients;
  • Fig. 10a is a graphic representation of the results of a capture ELISA using pooled human plasma from fifteen patients wherein the wells were coated with CBF2 (IgG) mAb, PBS was used as a negative antigen control, and the antigen was purified recombinant Cryj I;
  • Fig. 10b is a graphic representation of the results of a capture ELISA using rabbit anti-Ami? al and II, wherein the wells were coated with 20 ⁇ g/ml CBF2 (IgG), PBS was used as a negative antigen control and the antigen was purified recombinant Cryj I;
  • Fig. 11 is a graphic representation of a histamine release assay performed on one Japanese cedar pollen allergic patient using SPE from Japanese cedar pollen, purified native Cryj I and recombinant Ct j I as the added antigens; and
  • Fig. 12 is a graphic representation of the results of a T cell proliferation assay using blood from patient #999 wherein the antigen is recombinant Cryj I protein, purified native Ctyj I protein, or selected Cryj I peptides recombinant Amb a 1.1.
  • Fig. 13 shows various peptides of desired lengths derived from Cryj I.
  • Fig. 14 is a graphic representation depicting responses of T cell lines from twenty-five patients primed in vitro with purified native Cr j I and analyzed for response to various Cryj I peptides by percent of responses (positive) with an S.I of at least two (shown over each bar), the mean stimulation index of positive response for the peptide (shown over each bar in parenthesis) and the positivity index (Y axis).
  • Fig. 15 is a graphic representation of the results of a direct binding assay of IgE to certain Cryj I peptides, purified native Ctyj I and rCryj
  • Figs. 16 shows the nucleotide sequence of Jun s I; this sequence is a composite from the two overlapping cDNA clones pUC19JS42e and pUC19JS45a as well as the full-length clone JS53iib coding for J n s I; the complete cDNA sequence for Jun s i is composed of 1170 nucleotides, including
  • Fig. 16 also shows the deduced amino acid sequence of Jun s I.
  • Fig. 17 shows the nucleotide sequence of Jun v I; this sequence is a composite from the two overlapping cDNA clones pUC19JV46a and pUC19JV49iia coding for Jun v I; the complete cDNA sequence for Jun v I is composed of 1278 nucleotides, including 35 nucleotides of 5' untranslated sequence, an open reading frame of 1,110 nucleotides, and a 3' untranslated region; Fig. 17 also show the deduced amino acid sequence of Jun v I. Fig. 18 shows various peptides of desired lengths derived from Ctyj I.
  • Figs. 19a and 19b show Northern blots of pollen-derived RNA probed with Cryj cDNA for identification of mRNA capable of encoding Ct j I or a
  • FIG. 19a shows RNA from C. japonica (U.S. and Japanese sources), J. sabinoides and J. virginiana probed with Cryj I cDNA
  • Fig. 19b shows RNA from J. sabinoides and C. arizonica probed with the same cDNA; the position of molecular weight standards are shown in each part of the Figure.
  • the present invention provides nucleic acid sequences coding for Cryj I. the major allergen found in Japanese cedar pollen as well as nucleic acid sequences coding for Jun v I and Jun s I.
  • the nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I preferably has the sequence shown in Figs. 4a and 4b (SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • the nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I shown in Figs. 4a and 4b SEQ ID NO:
  • NO: 1 contains a 21 amino acid leader sequence from base 66 through base 128.
  • This leader sequence is cleaved from the mature protein which is encoded by bases 129 through 1187.
  • the deduced amino acid sequence of Cryj I is also shown in Figs. 4a and 4b (SEQ ID NO: 2).
  • the nucleic acid sequence of the invention codes for a protein having a predicted molecular weight of 38.5 kDa, with a pi of 7.8, and five potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Utilization of these glycosylation sites will increase the molecular weight and affect the pi of the mature protein.
  • the deduced amino acid sequence for the mature protein encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of the invention is identical with the known NH2-terminal and internal amino acid sequences reported by Taniai et al., supra.
  • the NH2-terminal end of Cryj I reported by Taniai et al., supra has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18.
  • the internal sequence reported by Taniai et al., supra has the sequence GluAlaPheAsnValGluAsnGlyAsnAlaThrProGlnLeuThrLys (SEQ ID NO: 19).
  • sequence polymorphisms observed in the nucleic acid sequence of the invention. For example, single independent nucleotide substitutions at the codons encoding amino acids 38, 51 and 74 (GGA vs. GAA, GTG vs. GCG, and GGG vs. GAG, respectively) of SEQ ID #1 may result in amino acid polymorphisms (G vs. E, V vs. A, and G vs. E, respectively) at these sites.
  • a single nucleotide substitution has been detected in one cDNA clone derived from Ctyptomeria japonica pollen collected in Japan. This substitution in the codon for amino acid 60 (TAT vs.
  • CAT of SEQ ID #1 may result in an amino acid polymorphism (Y vs. H) at this site. Additional silent nucleotide substitutions have been detected. It is expected that there are additional sequence polymorphisms, and it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that one or more nucleotides (up to about 1% of the nucleotides) in the nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I may vary among individual Ctyptomeria japonica plants due to natural allelic variation. Any and all such nucleotide variations and resulting amino acid polymorphisms are within the scope of the invention.
  • family members of Ctyj I there may be one or more family members of Ctyj I.
  • family members are defined as proteins related in function and amino acid sequence to Cryj I but encoded by genes at separate genetic loci.
  • Fragments of the nucleic acid sequence coding for fragments of Cryj I or a cross-reactive allergen are also within the scope of the invention. Fragments within the scope of the invention include those coding for parts of Cry j I or a cross -reactive allergen such as Jun v I or Jun s I which induce an immune response in mammals, preferably humans, such as stimulation of minimal amounts of IgE; binding of IgE; eliciting the production of IgG and IgM antibodies; or the eliciting of a T cell response such as proliferation and/or lymphokine secretion and/or the induction of T cell anergy.
  • the foregoing fragments of Cryj I are referred to herein as antigenic fragments.
  • Fragments within the scope of the invention also include those capable of hybridizing with nucleic acid from other plant species for use in screening protocols to detect allergens that are cross-reactive with Cryj I.
  • a fragment of the nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I refers to a nucleotide sequence having fewer bases than the nucleotide sequence coding for the entire amino acid sequence of Cryj I and/or mature Cryj I.
  • the nucleic acid sequence coding for the fragment or fragments of Cryj I will be selected from the bases coding for the mature protein, however, in some instances it may be desirable to select all or a part of a fragment or fragments from the leader sequence portion of the nucleic acid sequence of the invention.
  • the nucleic acid sequence of the invention may also contain linker sequences, modified restriction endonuclease sites and other sequences useful for cloning, expression or purification of Cryj I or fragments thereof.
  • a nucleic acid sequence coding for Ctyj I may be obtained from Ctyptomeria japonica plants.
  • mRNA coding for Cryj I could not be obtained from commercially available Ctyptomeria japonica pollen. This inability to obtain mRNA from the pollen may be due to problems with storage or transportation of commercially available pollen.
  • Applicants have found that fresh pollen and staminate cones are a good source of Cryj I mRNA. It may also be possible to obtain the nucleic acid sequence coding for Ctyj I from genomic DNA.
  • Ctyptomeria japonica is a well-known species of cedar, and plant material may be obtained from wild. cultivated, or ornamental plants.
  • the nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I may be obtained using the method disclosed herein or any other suitable techniques for isolation and cloning of genes.
  • the nucleic acid sequence of the invention may be DNA or RNA.
  • the present invention provides expression vectors and host cells transformed to express the nucleic acid sequences of the invention.
  • a nucleic acid sequence coding for Cryj I, Jun v I or Jun s I or at least one fragment thereof may be expressed in bacterial cells such as E. coli, insect cells (baculovirus), yeast, or mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO).
  • Suitable expression vectors, promoters, enhancers, and other expression control elements may be found in Sambrook et al.
  • yeast Suitable expression vectors, promoters, enhancers, and other expression elements are known to those skilled in the art. Expression in mammalian, yeast or insect cells leads to partial or complete glycosylation of the recombinant material and formation of any inter- or intra- chain disulfide bonds. Suitable vectors for expression in yeast include YepSecl (Baldari et al. (1987) Embo J. 6: 229-234); pMFa (Kurjan and Herskowitz (1982) Cell 30: 933-943); JRY88 (Schultz et al.
  • baculovirus and mammalian expression systems are also available.
  • a baculovirus system is commercially available (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) for expression in insect cells while the pMSG vector is commercially available (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) for expression in mammalian cells.
  • suitable expression vectors include, among others, pTRC (Amann et al. (1988) Gene 9: 301-315); pGEX (Amrad Corp.. Melbourne, Australia); pMAL (N.E.
  • pMAL maltose E binding protein
  • pRIT5 protein A
  • PSEM protein A
  • glutathione S-transferase glutathione S-transferase
  • Cryj I or fragment thereof may then be recovered from the fusion protein through enzymatic cleavage at the enzymatic site and biochemical purification using conventional techniques for purification of proteins and peptides.
  • Suitable enzymatic cleavage sites include those for blood clotting Factor Xa or thrombin for which the appropriate enzymes and protocols for cleavage are commercially available from, for example, Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO and N.E.
  • the different vectors also have different promoter regions allowing constitutive or inducible expression with, for example, IPTG induction (PRTC, Amann et al., (1988) supra; pET-1 Id, Novagen, Madison, WI) or temperature induction (pRIT5, Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) . It may also be appropriate to express recombinant Cryj I in different E. coli hosts that have an altered capacity to degrade recombinantly expressed proteins (e.g. U.S. patent 4,758,512). Alternatively, it may be advantageous to alter the nucleic acid sequence to use codons preferentially utilized by E. coli, where such nucleic acid alteration would not affect the amino acid sequence of the expressed protein.
  • Host cells can be transformed to express the nucleic acid sequences of the invention using conventional techniques such as calcium phosphate or calcium chloride co-precipitation, DEAE-dextran-mediated transfection, or electroporation. Suitable methods for transforming the host cells may be found in Sambrook et al. supra, and other laboratory textbooks.
  • the nucleic acid sequences of the invention may also be synthesized using standard techniques.
  • the present invention also provides a method of producing isolated Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof comprising the steps of culturing a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence encoding Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof in an appropriate medium to produce a mixture of cells and medium containing said Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof; and purifying the mixture to produce substantially pure Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof.
  • Host cells transformed with an expression vector containing DNA coding for Cryj I or at least one fragment thereof are cultured in a suitable medium for the host cell.
  • Cryj I protein and peptides can be purified from cell culture medium, host cells, or both using techniques known in the art for purifying peptides and proteins including ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, ultrafiltration, electrophoresis and immunopurification with antibodies specific for Cryj I or fragments thereof.
  • the terms isolated and purified are used interchangeably herein and refer to peptides, protein, protein fragments, and nucleic acid sequences substantially free of cellular material or culture medium when produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or chemical precursors or other chemicals when synthesized chemically.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides preparations comprising Japanese cedar pollen allergen Ctyj I or a cross-reactive allergen such as Jun v I or Jun s I or at least one fragment thereof synthesized in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence encoding all or a portion of Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I or such cross-reactive allergen, or chemically synthesized, and isolated Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I protein or a cross-reactive allergen such as Jun v I or Jun s I, or at least one antigenic fragment thereof produced in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid sequence of the invention, or chemically synthesized.
  • the Ctyj I protein is produced in a host cell transformed with the nucleic acid sequence coding for at least the mature Cryj I protein.
  • Antigenic fragments as defined herein refer to any protein fragment or peptide which induces an immune response.
  • Unique antigenic fragments as defined herein refer to any antigenic fragment derived from Cry j I, with the exception of the fragments consisting of amino acids 1-20 or 325-340 as shown in Figs. 4a-4b.
  • Antigenic fragments of an allergen from Japanese cedar pollen, or a cross-reactive allergen such as Jun v I or Jun s I may be obtained, for example, by screening peptides recombinantly produced from the corresponding fragment of the nucleic acid sequence of the invention coding for such peptides or synthesized chemically using techniques known in the art.
  • the allergen may be arbitrarily divided into fragments of a desired length with no overlap of the peptides, or preferably divided into overlapping fragments of a desired length. The fragments are tested to determine their antigenicity (e.g. the ability of the fragment to induce an immune response).
  • fragments of Cryj I are to be used for therapeutic purposes, then the fragments of Cryj I allergen which are capable of eliciting a T cell response such as stimulation (i.e., proliferation or lymphokine secretion) and/or are capable of inducing T cell anergy are particularly desirable and fragments of Japanese cedar pollen which have minimal IgE stimulating activity are also desirable.
  • Minimal IgE stimulating activity refers to IgE stimulating activity that is less than the amount of IgE production stimulated by the native Cryj I protein. Additionally, for therapeutic potposes, it is preferable to use isolated Japanese cedar pollen allergens, e.g.
  • Cryj I, or fragments thereof which are capable of eliciting T cell responses and which do not bind IgE specific for Japanese cedar pollen or bind such IgE to a substantially lesser extent than the purified native Japanese cedar pollen allergen binds such IgE. If the isolated Japanese cedar pollen allergen or fragment or fragments thereof bind IgE, it is preferable that such binding does not result in the release of mediators (e.g. histamines) from mast cells or basophils. Furthermore, if Jun v I or Jun s I are to be used for therapeutic purposes, it is preferable to use Juniperus pollen allergens, e.g.
  • Jun v I or Jun s I or a fragment thereof which are capable of eliciting T cell responses and which do not bind IgE specific for pollen from the species Juniperus or bind such IgE to a substantially lesser extent than the purified native Juniperus pollen allergen binds such IgE. If the isolated Jun v I or Jun s i or fragment or fragments thereof bind IgE, it is preferable that such binding does not result in the release of mediators (e.g. histamines) from mast cells or basophils.
  • mediators e.g. histamines
  • Isolated protein allergens from Japanese cedar pollen or preferred antigenic fragments thereof when administered to a Japanese cedar pollen- sensitive individual, or an individual allergic to an allergen cross-reactive with
  • Japanese cedar pollen allergen such as allergen from the pollen of Juniperus virginiana or Juniperus sabinoides etc. (discussed previously) are capable of modifying the allergic response of the individual to Japanese cedar pollen or such cross-reactive allergen of the individual, and preferably are capable of modifying the B-cell response, T-cell response or both the B-cell and the T-cell response of the individual to the allergen.
  • modification of the allergic response of an individual sensitive to a Japanese cedar pollen allergen or cross-reactive allergen can be defined as non-responsiveness or diminution in symptoms to the allergen, as determined by standard clinical procedures (See e.g.
  • a dimunition in symptoms includes any reduction in allergic response of an individual to the allergen after the individual has completed a treatment regimen with a peptide or protein of the invention. This dimunition may be subjective (i.e. the patient feels more comfortable in the presence of the allergen). Dimunition in symptoms can be determined clinically as well, using standard skin tests as is known in the art.
  • the isolated Cryj I protein or fragments thereof are preferably tested in mammalian models of Japanese cedar pollinosis such as the mouse model disclosed in Tamura et al. (1986) Microbiol. Immunol. 30: 883-896, or U.S. patent 4,939,239; or the primate model disclosed in Chiba et al. (1990) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 93: 83-88.
  • Initial screening for IgE binding to the protein or fragments thereof may be performed by scratch tests or intradermal skin tests on laboratory animals or human volunteers, or in in vitro systems such as RAST (radioallergosorbent test), RAST inhibition, ELISA assay, radioimmunoassay (RIA), or histamine release (see Examples 7 and 8).
  • Antigenic fragments of the present invention which have T cell stimulating activity, and thus comprise at least one T cell epitope are particularly desirable. T cell epitopes are believed to be involved in initiation and perpetuation of the immune response to a protein allergen which is responsible for the clinical symptoms of allergy.
  • T cell epitopes are thought to trigger early events at the level of the T helper cell by binding to an appropriate HLA molecule on the surface of an antigen presenting cell and stimulating the relevant T cell subpopulation. These events lead to T cell proliferation, lymphokine secretion, local inflammatory reactions, recruitment of additional immune cells to the site, and activation of the B cell cascade leading to production of antibodies.
  • IgE is fundamentally important to the development of allergic symptoms and its production is influenced early in the cascade of events, at the level of the T helper cell, by the nature of the lymphokines secreted.
  • a T cell epitope is the basic element or smallest unit of recognition by a T cell receptor, where the epitope comprises amino acids essential to receptor recognition. Amino acid sequences which mimic those of the T cell epitopes and which modify the allergic response to protein allergens are within the scope of this invention.
  • Exposure of cedar pollen patients to isolated protein allergens of the present invention or to the antigenic fragments of the present invention which comprise at least one T cell epitope and are derived from protein allergens may tolerize or anergize appropriate T cell subpopulations such that they become unresponsive to the protein allergen and do not participate in stimulating an immune response upon such exposure.
  • administration of a protein allergen of the invention or an antigenic fragment of the present invention which comprises at least one T cell epitope may modify the lymphokine secretion profile as compared with exposure to the naturally-occurring protein allergen or portion thereof (e.g. result in a decrease of IL-4 and/or an increase in IL-2).
  • T cell subpopulations which normally participate in the response to the allergen such that these T cells are drawn away from the site(s) of normal exposure to the allergen (e.g., nasal mucosa, skin, and lung) towards the site(s) of therapeutic administration of the fragment or protein allergen.
  • This redistribution of T cell subpopulations may ameliorate or reduce the ability of an individual's immune system to stimulate the usual immune response at the site of normal exposure to the allergen, resulting in a dimunution in allergic symptoms.
  • the isolated Cry j I, Jun v I or Jun s I protein, and fragments or portions derived therefrom (peptides) can be used in methods of diagnosing, treating and preventing allergic reactions to Japanese cedar pollen allergen or a cross reactive protein allergen.
  • the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising isolated Japanese cedar pollen allergen Ctyj I, Jun v I or Jun s i or at least one fragment thereof produced in a host cell transformed to express Cryj I, Jun v I or Jun s i or at least one fragment thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the therapeutic compositions of the invention may also comprise synthetically prepared Cryj I, Jun v I or Jun s I or at least one fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Administration of the therapeutic compositions of the present invention to an individual to be desensitized can be carried out using known techniques.
  • Ctyj I, Jun v I or Jun s I protein or at least one fragment thereof may be administered to an individual in combination with, for example, an appropriate diluent, a carrier and/or an adjuvant.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable diluents include saline and aqueous buffer solutions.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include polyethylene glycol (Wie et al. (1981) Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 64:84-99) and liposomes (Strejan et al. (1984) J. Neuroimmunol 7:
  • the therapeutic composition is preferably administered in nonimmunogenic form, e.g. it does not contain adjuvant.
  • the therapeutic compositions of the invention are administered to Japanese cedar pollen-sensitive individuals or individuals sensitive to an allergen which is immunologically cross-reactive with Japanese cedar pollen allergen (i.e.
  • Juniperus virginiana or Juniperus sabinoides, etc.
  • Administration of the therapeutic compositions of the present invention to an individual to be desensitized can be carried out using known procedures at dosages and for periods of time effective to reduce sensitivity (i.e., reduce the allergic response) of the individual to the allergen.
  • Effective amounts of the therapeutic compositions will vary according to factors such as the degree of sensitivity of the individual to Japanese cedar pollen, the age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the protein or fragment thereof to elicit an antigenic response in the individual.
  • the active compound i.e., protein or fragment thereof
  • the active compound may be coated within a material to protect the compound from the action of enzymes, acids and other natural conditions which may inactivate the compound.
  • a material to protect the compound from the action of enzymes, acids and other natural conditions which may inactivate the compound.
  • active compound i.e., protein or fragment thereof
  • Dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, several divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation.
  • protein or fragment thereof may be administered in an adjuvant, co-administered with enzyme inhibitors or in liposomes.
  • Enzyme inhibitors include pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DEP) and trasylol.
  • Liposomes include water-in-oil-in-water CGF emulsions as well as conventional liposomes (Strejan et al., (1984) J. Neuroimmunol. 7:27).
  • the active compound may also be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally.
  • Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethyline glycols, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations may contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  • compositions suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions of dispersion.
  • the composition must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
  • the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glyceral, propylene glycol, and liquid polyetheylene glycol, and the like). suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as licithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
  • Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thirmerosal, and the like.
  • isotonic agents for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as manitol and sorbitol or sodium chloride in the composition.
  • Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about, including in the composition, an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
  • Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating active compound (i.e., protein or peptide) in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • active compound i.e., protein or peptide
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle which contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying which yields a powder of the active ingredient (i.e., protein or peptide) plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • the protein may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent or an assimilable edible carrier.
  • the protein and other ingredients may also be enclosed in a hard or soft shell gelatin capsule, compressed into tablets, or incorporated directly into the individual's diet.
  • the active compound may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs. suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like.
  • Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 1% by weight of active compound. The percentage of the composition and preparations may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be
  • compositions or preparations according to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosage unit contains between from about 10 ⁇ g to about 200 mg of active compound.
  • the tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also contain the following: a binder such as gum gragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring.
  • a binder such as gum gragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin
  • excipients such as dicalcium phosphate
  • a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
  • a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or
  • tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
  • a syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservative, a dye and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
  • any material used in preparing any dosage unit form should be pharmaceutically pure and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed.
  • the active compound may be incorporated into sustained- release preparations and formulations.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like.
  • the use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated.
  • Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
  • Dosage unit from as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the mammalian subjects to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the specification for the novel dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active compound for the treatment of sensitivity in individuals.
  • the Cryj I cDNA (or the mRNA from which it was transcribed) or a portion thereof can be used to identify similar sequences in any variety or type of plant and thus, to identify or "pull out" sequences which have sufficient homology to hybridize to the Cryj I cDNA or mRNA or portion thereof, for example, DNA from allergens of Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus sabinoides etc., under conditions of low stringency. Those sequences which have sufficient homology (generally greater than 40%) can be selected for further assessment using the method described herein. Alternatively, high stringency conditions can be used.
  • DNA of the present invention can be used to identify, in other types of plants, preferably related families, genera, or species such as Juniperus, or Cupressus, sequences encoding polypeptides having amino acid sequences similar to that of Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cryj I, and thus to identify allergens in other species.
  • the present invention includes not only Ctyj I, but also other allergens encoded by DNA which hybridizes to DNA of the present invention.
  • the invention further includes isolated allergenic proteins or fragments thereof that are immunologically related to Cryj I or fragments thereof, such as by antibody cross-reactivity wherein the isolated allergenic proteins or fragments thereof are capable of binding to antibodies specific for the protein and peptides of the invention, or by T cell cross-reactivity wherein the isolated allergenic proteins or fragments thereof are capable of stimulating T cells specific for the protein and peptides of this invention.
  • Proteins or peptides encoded by the cDNA of the present invention can be used, for example as "purified" allergens. Such purified allergens are useful in the standardization of allergen extracts which are key reagents for the diagnosis and treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis.
  • anti-peptide antisera or monoclonal antibodies can be made using standard methods.
  • an animal such as a mouse or rabbit can be immunized with an immunogenic from of the isolated Ctyj I protein (e.g., Cryj I protein or antigenic fragment which is capable of eliciting an antibody response).
  • Techniques for conferring immunogenicity on a protein or peptide subunit include conjugation to carriers of other techniques well-known in the art.
  • the Cryj I protein or peptide therof can be administered in the presence of adjuvant.
  • the progress of immunization can be monitored by detection of antibody titers in plasma or serum standard ELISA or other immunoassay can be used with the immunogen as antigen to assess the levels of antibodies.
  • anti-Cry./ antisera can be obtained and, if desired, polyclonal anti-Cry y I antibodies from the serum.
  • antibody producing cells lymphocytes
  • immortalizing cells such as myeloma cells
  • Hybridoma cells can be screened immunochemically for production of antibodies reactive with the Cryj I protein or peptide thereof.
  • compositions and biological activity can be made and administered for therapeutic memeposes (e.g. to modify the allergic response of a Japanese cedar sensitive individual to pollen of such trees).
  • Administration of such peptides or protein may, for example, modify B-cell response to Cryj I allergen, T-cell response to Cryj I allergen or both responses.
  • Isolated peptides can also be used to study the mechanism of immunotherapy of Ctyptomeria japonica allergy and to design modified derivatives or analogues useful in immunotherapy. Work by others has shown that high doses of allergens generally produce the best results (i.e., best symptom relief).
  • Modification of naturally-occurring allergens can be designed in such a manner that modified peptides or modified allergens which have the same or enhanced therapeutic properties as the corresponding naturally-occurring allergen but have reduced side effects (especially anaphylactic reactions) can be produced.
  • modified peptides or modified allergens which have the same or enhanced therapeutic properties as the corresponding naturally-occurring allergen but have reduced side effects (especially anaphylactic reactions) can be produced.
  • These can be, for example, a protein or peptide of the present invention (e.g., one having all or a portion of the amino acid sequence of Ctyj I), or a modified protein or peptide, or protein or peptide analogue.
  • a modified peptide can be produced in which the amino acid sequence has been altered, such as by amino acid substitution, deletion, or addition, to modify immunogenicity and/or reduce allergenicity, or to which a component has been added for the same purpose.
  • a peptide can be modified so that it maintains the ability to induce T cell anergy and bind MHC proteins without the ability to induce a strong proliferative response or possibly, and proliferative response when administered in immunogenic form.
  • critical binding residues for the T cell receptor can be determined using known techniques (e.g., substitution of each residue and determination of the presence or absence of T cell reactivity).
  • Those residues shown to be essential to interact with the T cell receptor can be modified by replacing the essential amino acid with another, preferably similar amino acid residue (a conservative substitution) whose presence is shown to enhance, diminish but not eliminate, or not affect T cell reactivity.
  • those amino acid residues which are not essential for T cell receptor interaction can be modified by being replaced by another amino acid whose incorporation may enhance, diminish or not affect T cell reactivity but does not eliminate binding to relevant MHC.
  • peptides of the invention can be modified by replacing an amino acid shown to be essential to interact with the MHC protein complex with another, preferably similar amino acid residue (conservative substitution) whose presence is shown to enhance, diminish but not eliminate or not affect T cell activity.
  • amino acid residues which are not essential for interaction with the MHC protein complex but which still bind the MHC protein complex can be modified by being replaced by another amino acid whose incorporation may enhance, not affect, or diminish but not eliminate T cell reactivity.
  • Preferred amino acid substitutions for non-essential amino acids include, but are not limited to substitutions with alanine, glutamic acid, or a methyl amino acid.
  • the protein or peptides of the invention can also be modified to incorporate one or more polymorphisms in the amino acid sequence of the protein allergen resulting from natural allelic variation.
  • D-amino acids, non-natural amino acids or non-amino acid analogues can be substituted or added to produce a modified protein or peptide within the scope of this invention.
  • proteins or peptides of the present invention can be modified using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method of A. Sehon and co-workers (Wie et al. supra) to produce a protein or peptide conjugated with PEG.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • Modifications of proteins or peptides or portions thereof can also include reduction/ alyklation (Tarr in: Methods of Protein Microcharacterization, J.E. Silver ed. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, pp 155-194 (1986)); acylation (Tarr, supra); chemical coupling to an appropriate carrier (Mishell and Shiigi, eds, Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology, WH Freeman, San Francisco, CA (1980); U.S. Patent 4,939,239; or mild formalin treatment (Marsh International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, 41: 199-215 (1971)).
  • reporter group(s) to the peptide backbone.
  • poly-histidine can be added to a peptide to purify the peptide on immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (Hochuli, E. et al., Bio/Technology, 6:1321-1325 (1988)).
  • specific endoprotease cleavage sites can be introduced, if desired, between a reporter group and amino acid sequences of a peptide to facilitate isolation of peptides free of irrelevant sequences.
  • canonical protease sensitive sites can be recombinantly or synthetically engineered between regions, each comprising at least one T cell epitope.
  • charged amino acid pairs such as KK or RR, can be introduced between regions within a peptide during recombinant construction of the peptide.
  • the resulting peptide can be rendered sensitive to cathepsin and/or other trypsin-like enzymes cleavage to generate portions of the peptide containing one or more T cell epitopes.
  • such charged amino acid residues can result in an increase in solubility of a peptide.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis of DNA encoding a peptide or protein of the invention can be used to modify the structure of the peptide or protein by methods known in the art. Such methods may, among others, include PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides (Ho et al. Gene, 77:51-59 (1989)) or total synthesis of mutated genes (Hostomsky, Z. et al., Biochem. Biophys, Res. Cotmn., 161: 1056-1063 (1989)).
  • the aforementioned methods can be used in conjunction with other procedures to change the eucaryotic codons in DNA constructs encoding protein or peptides of the invention to ones preferentially used in E. coli, yeast, mammalian cells, or other eukaryotic cells.
  • Cryj I peptides which, when administered to a Japanese cedar pollen sensitive individual in sufficient quantities, will modify the individual's allergic response to Japanese cedar pollen. This can be done, for example, by examining the structure of Cryj I, producing peptides (via an expression system, synthetically or otherwise) to be examined for their ability to influence B-cell and/or T-cell responses in Japanese cedar pollen sensitive individuals and selecting appropriate peptides which contain epitopes recognized by the cells.
  • the epitope will be the basic element or smallest unit of recognition by a receptor, particularly immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens and T cell receptors where the epitope comprises amino acids essential to receptor recognition. Amino acid sequences which mimic those of the epitopes and which are capable of down regulating allergic response to Ctyj I can also be used.
  • an agent or a drug capable of blocking or inhibiting the ability of Japanese cedar pollen allergen to induce an allergic reaction in Japanese cedar pollen sensitive individuals.
  • agents could be designed, for example, in such a manner that they would bind to relevant anti-Cry./ 1 IgEs, thus preventing IgE-allergen binding and subsequent mast cell degranulation.
  • agents could bind to cellular components of the immune system, resulting in suppression or desensitization of the allergic response to Ctyptomeria japonica pollen allergens.
  • a non- restrictive example of this is the use of appropriate B- and T-cell epitope peptides, or modifications thereof, based on the cDNA/protein structures of the present invention to suppress the allergic response to Japanese cedar pollen.
  • This can be carried out by defining the structures of B- and T-cell epitope peptides which affect B- and T-cell function in in vitro studies with blood components from Japanese cedar pollen sensitive individuals.
  • Protein, peptides or antibodies of the present invention can also be used for detecting and diagnosing Japanese cedar pollinosis.
  • T-cells T-cells, B- cells
  • T-cells T-cells, B- cells
  • peptide(s) or protein T-cells, B- cells
  • the present invention also provides a method of producing Ct j I or fragment thereof comprising culturing a host cell containing an expression vector which contains a nucleic acid sequence e.g. DNA, encoding all or at least one fragment of Cryj I under conditions appropriate for expression of Ct j I or at least one fragment.
  • the expressed product is then recovered, using known means
  • Cryj I or fragment thereof can be synthesized using known mechanical or chemical techniques.
  • the DNA used in any embodiment of this invention can be cDNA obtained as described herein, or alternatively, can be any oligodeoxynucleotide sequence having all or a portion of a sequence represented herein, or their functional equivalents. Such oligodeoxynucleotide sequences can be produced chemically or enzymatically, using known techniques.
  • a functional equivalent of an oligonucleotide sequence is one which is 1) a sequence capable of hybridizing to a complementary oligonucleotide to which the sequence (or corresponding sequence portions) of SEQ ID NO: 1 or fragments thereof hybridizes, or 2) the sequence (or corresponding sequence portion) complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1, and/or 3) a sequence which encodes a product (e.g., a polypeptide or peptide) having the same functional characteristics of the product encoded by the sequence (or corresponding sequence portion) of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • a functional equivalent must meet one or both criteria will depend on its use (e.g.. if it is to be used only as an oligoprobe, it need meet only the first or second criteria and if it is to be used to produce a Cryj I allergen, it need only meet the third criterion).
  • the present invention also provides isolated peptides derived from Japanese cedar pollen protein.
  • a peptide or fragment of a protein refers to an amino acid sequence having fewer amino acid residues than the entire amino acid sequence of the protein from which it is derived.
  • Peptides of the invention include peptides derived from Cryj I which comprise at least one T cell epitope of the allergen. Peptides comprising at least two regions, each region comprising at least one T cell epitope of Japanese cedar pollen are also within the scope of the invention. Isolated peptides or regions of isolated peptides, each comprising at least two T cell epitopes of a Japanese cedar pollen protein allergen are particularly desirable for increased therapeutic effectiveness.
  • Peptides which are immunologically related (e.g., by antibody or T cell cross-reactivity) to peptides of the present invention are also within the scope of the invention.
  • Isolated peptides of the invention can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques in a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid having a sequence encoding such peptide as discussed above.
  • the isolated peptides of the invention can also be produced by chemical synthesis.
  • isolated Jun v I protein or peptides such protein or peptides may be produced by biochemically purifying the native Jun v I proteins from Juniperus virginiana pollen as is known in the art.
  • peptides When a peptide is produced by recombinant techniques, host cells transformed with a nucleic acid having a sequence encoding the peptide or the functional equivalent of the nucleic acid sequence are cultured in a medium suitable for the cells and peptides can be purified from cell culture medium, host cells, or both using techniques known in the art for purifying peptides and proteins including ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, ultrafiltration, electrophoresis or immunopurification with antibodies specific for the peptide, the protein allergen Japanese cedar pollen from which the peptide is derived, or a portion thereof.
  • Isolated peptides of the invention are substantially free of cellular material or culture medium when produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when synthesized chemically.
  • Cryj I is divided into non-overlapping peptides of desired length or overlapping peptides of desired lengths as discussed in Example 6 which can be produced recombinantly, or synthetically.
  • Peptides comprising at least one T cell epitope are capable of eliciting a T cell response, such as T cell proliferation or lymphokine secretion, and/or are capable of inducing T cell anergy (i.e., tolerization).
  • T cell biology techniques to determine whether the peptides elicit a T cell response or induce T cell anergy.
  • Those peptides found to elicit a T cell response or induce T cell anergy are defined as having T cell stimulating activity.
  • human T cell stimulating activity can be tested by culturing T cells obtained from an individual sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen allergen, (i.e., an individual who has an IgE mediated immune response to Japanese cedar pollen allergen) with a peptide derived from the allergen and determining whether proliferation of T cells occurs in response to the peptide as measured, e.g., by cellular uptake of tritiated thymidine.
  • Stimulation indices for responses by T cells to peptides can be calculated as the maximum CPM in response to a peptide divided by the control CPM.
  • a stimulation index (S.I.) equal to or greater than two times the background level is considered "positive".
  • Preferred peptides of this invention comprise at least one T cell epitope and have a mean T cell stimulation index of greater than or equal to 2.0.
  • a peptide having a mean T cell stimulation index of greater than or equal to 2.0 is considered useful as a therapeutic agent.
  • Preferred peptides have a mean T cell stimulation index of at least 2.5, more preferably at least 3.5, more preferably at least 4.0, more preferably at least 5, even more preferably at least 7 and and most preferably at least about 9.
  • peptides of the invention having a mean T cell stimulation index of at least 5, as shown in Fig. 14, include CJ1-2, CJ1-7, CJl-10, CJ1-16, CJ1-17, CJ1-20, CJ1-22, CJ1-23,
  • peptides of the invention having a mean T cell stimulation index of at least 7, as shown in Fig. 14, include CJI-16, CJ1-20, CJ1-22, and CJ1-32.
  • preferred peptides have a positivity index (P.I.) of at least about 100, more preferably at least about 250 and most preferably at least about
  • the positivity index for a peptide is determined by multiplying the mean T cell stimulation index by the percent of individuals, in a population of individuals sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen (e.g., preferably at least 15 individuals, more preferably at least 30 individuals or more), who have a T cell stimulation index to such peptide of at least 2.0.
  • the positivity index represents both the strength of a T cell response to a peptide (S.I.) and the frequency of a T cell response to a peptide in a population of individuals sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen.
  • S.I. strength of a T cell response to a peptide
  • peptide CJ1-22 has a mean S.I.
  • Ct j I having a positivity index of at least about 100 and a mean T cell stimulation index of at least about 4 include: CJI-16, CJ1-17, CJ 1-20, CJ1-22, CJ 1-23. CJ1 - 24, CJ1-26, CJ1-27, CJ1-32 and CJ1-35.
  • a peptide having T cell stimulating activity and thus comprising at least one T cell epitope as determined by T cell biology techniques is modified by addition or deletion of amino acid residues at either the amino or . carboxy terminus of the peptide and tested to determine a change in T cell reactivity to the modified peptide. If two or more peptides which share an area of overlap in the native protein sequence are found to have human T cell stimulating activity, as determined by T cell biology techniques, additional peptides can be produced comprising all or a portion of such peptides and these additional peptides can be tested by a similar procedure. Following this technique, peptides are selected and produced recombinantly or synthetically.
  • Peptides are selected based on various factors, including the strength of the T cell response to the peptide (e.g., stimulation index), the frequency of the T cell response to the peptide in a population of individuals sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen, and the potential cross-reactivity of the peptide with other allergens from other species of trees as discussed earlier (e.g. Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus arizonica, Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus sabinoides, etc.) or ragweed (Amb a I) .
  • stimulation index e.g., stimulation index
  • the frequency of the T cell response to the peptide in a population of individuals sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen e.g. Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus arizonica, Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus sabinoides, etc.
  • ragweed Amb a I
  • the physical and chemical properties of these selected peptides are examined to determine whether the peptides are suitable for use in therapeutic compositions or whether the peptides require modification as described herein.
  • the ability of the selected peptides or selected modified peptides to stimulate human T cells e.g., induce proliferation, lymphokine secretion
  • preferred T cell epitope-containing peptides of the invention do not bind immunoglobulin E (IgE) or bind IgE to a substantially lesser extent than the protein allergen from which the peptide is derived binds IgE.
  • IgE immunoglobulin E
  • the major complications of standard immunotherapy are IgE-mediated responses such as anaphylaxis.
  • Immunoglobulin E is a mediator of anaphylactic reactions which result from the binding and cross-linking of antigen to IgE on mast cells or basophils and the release of mediators (e.g., histamine. serotonin. eosinophil chemotacic factors).
  • mediators e.g., histamine. serotonin. eosinophil chemotacic factors.
  • Minimal IgE stimulating activity refers to IgE production that is less than the amount of IgE production and/or IL-4 production stimulated by the native Cryj I protein allergen.
  • a T cell epitope containing peptide of the invention when administered to a Japanese cedar pollen-sensitive individual, is capable of modifying the allergic response of the individual to the allergen.
  • peptides of the invention comprising at least one T cell epitope of Cryj I or at least two regions derived from Cryj I, each comprising at least one T cell epitope, when administered to an individual sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen are capable of modifying T cell response of the individual to the allergen.
  • a preferred isolated peptide of the invention comprises at least one T cell epitope of the Japanese cedar pollen allergen, Cryj I and accordingly the peptide comprises at least approximately seven amino acid residues.
  • preferred therapeutic compositions of the invention preferably comprise at least two T cell epitopes of Cryj I, and accordingly, the peptide comprises at least approximately eight amino acid residues and preferably at least fifteen amino acid residues.
  • therapeutic compositions comprising preferred isolated peptides of the invention preferably comprise a sufficient percentage of the T cell epitopes of the entire protein allergen such that a therapeutic regimen of administration of the composition to an individual sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen, results in T cells of the individual being tolerized to the protein allergen.
  • Synthetically produced peptides of the invention comprising up to approximately forty-five amino acid residues in length, and most preferably up to approximately thirty amino acid residues in length are particularly desirable as increases in length may result in difficulty in peptide synthesis.
  • Peptides of the invention may also be produced recombinantly as described above, and it is preferable that peptides of 45 amino acids or longer be produced recombinantly.
  • Preferred peptides comprise all or a portion of the areas of major T cell reactivity within the Cryj I protein allergen designated herein as. Region 1,
  • Region 2 comprises amino acid residues 61-120 of Cry J I
  • Region 3 comprises amino acid residues 131-180 of Ctyj I
  • Region 4 comprises amino acid residues 191-280 of Cryj I
  • Region 5 comprises amino acid residues 291-353 of the Cr j I.
  • Peptides derived from the Cryj I protein allergen which can be used for therapeutic purposes comprise all or a portion of the following peptides: CJl-1, CJ1-2, CJ1-3, CJ1-4, CJ1-7, CJ1-8, CJ1-9, CJl-10, CJl-11, CJ1-12, CJ1- 14, CJ1-15, CJI-16, CJ1-17, CJ1-18, CJ1-19, CJ1-20, CJ1-21, CJ1-22, CJ1-23, CJ1-24, CJ1-25, CJ1-26, CJ1-27, CJ1-28, CJ1-30, CJ1-31, CJ1-32, CJ1-33, CJ1- 34 and CJ1-35 wherein the portion of the peptide preferably has a mean T cell stimulation index equivalent to, or greater than the mean T cell stimulation index of the peptide from which it is derived as shown in Fig.
  • peptides derived from the Cryj I protein allergen which can be used for therapeutic purposes comprise all or a portion of the following peptides: CJ1- 2, CJ1-9, CJl-10, CJI-16, CJ1-17, CJ1-20, CJ1-22, CJ1-23, CJ1-24, CJ1-25,
  • other preferred peptides derived from the Cry j I protein comprise the following peptides: CJ1-41, CJ1-41.1, CJ1-41.2, CJ1-41.3, CJ1-42, CJ1-42.1, CJ1-42.2, CJ1-43, CJ1-43.1, CJ1-43.6,CJ 1-43.7, CJ1-43.8, CJ1-43.9, CJ1-43.10, CJ1-43.11, CJ1-43.12, CJ1-45, CJ1-45.1, CJ1-45.2, CJ1-44, CJ1-44.1, CJ1-44.2 and CJ 1-44.3, all as shown in Fig. 18.
  • Another preferred antigenic peptide of the invention may comprise more than one Region, i.e., all or a portion of amino acids 151-352 of the amino acid sequence of Cry J I, as shown in Fig. 4a-b.
  • One embodiment of the present invention features a peptide or portion thereof of Cryj I which comprises at least one T cell epitope of the protein allergen and has a formula Xr j -Y-Zr ,.
  • Y is an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of CJ 1 - 1 , CJ 1 -2, CJ 1 -3,
  • X n are amino acid residues contiguous to the amino terminus of Y in the amino acid sequence of the protein allergen and Z m are amino acid residues contiguous to the carboxy terminus of Y in the amino acid sequence of the protein allergen.
  • n is 0-30 and m is 0-30.
  • the peptide or portion thereof has a mean T cell stimulation index equivalent to greater than the mean T cell stimulation index of Y as shown in Fig. 14.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides peptides comprising at least two regions, each region comprising at least one T cell epitope of Cr j I and accordingly each region comprises at least approximately seven amino acid residues.
  • These peptides comprising at least two regions can comprise as many amino acid residues as desired and preferably comprise at least about 14, even more preferably about 30, and most preferably at least about 40 amino acid residues of a Cryj I allergen.
  • the amino acid sequences of the regions can be produced and joined by a linker to increase sensitivity to processing by antigen-presenting cells.
  • linker can be any non-epitope amino acid sequence or other appropriate linking or joining agent.
  • the regions are arranged in a configuration different from a naturally-occurring configuration of the regions in the allergen.
  • the regions containing T cell epitope(s) can be arranged in a noncontiguous configuration and can preferably be derived from the same protein allergen.
  • Noncontiguous is defined as an arrangement of regions containing T cell epitope(s) which is different than that of an amino acid sequence present in the protein allergen from which the regions are derived.
  • noncontiguous regions containing T cell epitopes can be arranged in a nonsequential order (e.g., in an order different from the order of the amino acids of the native protein allergen from which the region containing T cell epitope(s) are derived in which amino acids are arranged from an amino terminus to a carboxy terminus).
  • a peptide can comprise at least 15%, at least 30%, at least 50% or up to 100% of the T cell epitopes of Cryj I.
  • the individual peptide regions can be produced and tested to determine which regions bind immunoglobulin E specific for Cry I and which of such regions would cause the release of mediators (e.g., histamine) from mast cells or basophils.
  • peptide regions found to bind immunoglobulin E and cause the release of mediators from mast cells or basophils in greater than approximately 10-15% of the allergic sera tested are preferably not included in the peptide i gions arranged to form preferred peptides of the invention.
  • regions of a peptide of the invention preferably comprise all or a portion of the above discussed preferred areas of major T cell reactivity within Cryj I (i.e., Regions 1-5) or the above discussed preferred areas of major T cell activity within each Region (i.e. amino acids from residues 1-40.
  • one region can comprise all or a portion of Region 1 (amino acid residues 1-51) and one region can comprise all or a portion of Region 2 (amino acid residues 61-120).
  • Peptides of the invention can comprise all or a portion of two or more of these Regions (i.e.. Regions 1-5) and preferred resulting peptides do not bind IgE and cause the release of mediators from most cells or basophils.
  • Preferred peptides derived from Cryj I comprise all or a portion of Region 3, Region 4 and Region 5. and. optionally. Region 1 or Region 2.
  • the peptide not comprise such Region, but rather comprises various regions derived from such Region which do not bind IgE or cause release of mediators from mast cells or basophils.
  • Examples of preferred regions include: CJl-1, CJ1-2, CJ1-3, CJ1- 4, CJ1-7, CJ1-8, CJ1-9, CJl-10, CJl-11, CJ1-12, CJ1-14, CJ1-15, CJI-16, CJ1- 17, CJ1-18, CJ1-19, CJ1-20, CJ1-21, CJ1-22, CJ1-23, CJ1-24, CJ1-25, CJ1-26, CJ1-27, CJ1-28, CJ1-30, CJ1-31, CJ1-32, CJ1-33, CJ1-34, CJ1-35, CJ1-41, CJ1-41.1, CJ1-41.2, CJ1-41.3, CJ1-42, CJ1-42.1, CJ1-42.2, CJ1-43, CJ1-43.1,
  • Preferred peptides comprise various combinations of two or more regions, each region comprising all or a portion of the above-discussed preferred areas of major T cell reactivity.
  • Preferred peptides comprise a combination of two or more regions (each region having an amino acid sequence as shown in Fig. 13), including: CJl-l, CJl-2 and CJl-3;
  • Isolated Cryj I protein or peptides of Cryj I within the scope of the invention can be used in methods of treating and preventing allergic reactions to Japanese cedar pollen.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising a peptide of Cryj I including at least one T cell epitope, or preferably at least two T cell epitopes, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the therapeutic composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a peptide comprising at least two regions, each region comprising at least one T cell epitope of Cr j I.
  • Preferred therapeutic compositions comprise a sufficient percentage of the T cell epitopes of Cryj I such that a therapeutic regimen of administration of the composition to an individual sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen allergen, results in T cells of the individual being tolerized to the protein allergen. More preferably, the composition comprises a sufficient percentage of the T cell epitopes such that at least about 40%, and more preferably at least about 60% of the T cell reactivity of Cryj I is included in the composition.
  • Such compositions can be administered to an individual to treat or prevent sensitivity to Japanese cedar pollen or to an allergen which is immunologically cross-reactive with Japanese cedar pollen allergen.
  • compositions comprising at least two peptides (e.g., a physical mixture of at least two peptides), each comprising at least one T cell epitope of Cryj I.
  • compositions can be administered in the form of a therapeutic composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier of diluent.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of such compositions can be administered simultaneously or sequentially to an individual sensitive to Japanese cedar pollen.
  • compositions and preferred combinations of peptides which can be administered simultaneously or sequentially (comprising peptides having amino acid sequences shown in Fig. 13) include the following combinations:
  • CJl-1, CJ1-2 and CJ1-3 CJl-1 and CJ1-2; CJ1-9 and CJl-10; CJ1-14, CJ1-15, CJI-16 and CJ1-17; CJ1-20, CJ1-21, CJ1-22 and CJ1-23;
  • the depigmented material was then fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 80% saturation (4°C), which removed much of the lower molecular weight material.
  • the resultant partially purified Cryj I was either dialyzed in PBS buffer and used in T cell studies (see Example 6) or subjected to further purification (biochemically or by monoclonal affinity chromatography) as described below.
  • the enriched Ctyj I material was then dialyzed against 50 mM Na- acetate, pH 5.0 at 4°C with 50 mM Na- acetate, pH 5.0 with protease inhibitors.
  • the sample was next applied to a 100 ml DEAE cellulose column (Whatman DE-52) equilibrated at 4°C with 50 mM Na-acetate pH 5.0 with protease inhibitors.
  • the unbound material (basic proteins) was then applied to a 50 ml cation exchange column (Whatman CM-52) which was equilibrated at 4°C with 10 mM Na-acetate. pH 5.0 with protease inhibitors.
  • Cryj I was eluted in the early fractions of a linear gradient 0.3 M NaCl.
  • the enriched Cryj I material was lyophilized and was then purified by FPLC over a 300 ml Superdex 75 column (Pharmacia) at a flow rate of 30 ml/h in 10 mM Na-acetate, pH 5.0 at 25°C.
  • the purified Cryj I was further applied to FPLC S-Sepharose 16/10 column chromatography (Pharmacia) with a linear gradient of 0 - 1 M NaCl at 25°C.
  • Cryj I, eluted as the major peak was subjected to a second gel filtration chromatography.
  • FPLC Superdex 75 column (2.6 by 60 cm)(Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) was eluted with a downward flow of 10 mM Na-acetate, pH 5.0 with 0.15 M NaCl at a flow rate of 30 ml/h at 25°C.
  • Fig. la shows the chromatography on gel filtration. Only Ctyj I was detected (Fig. lb, lane 2 to lane 8). Ctyj I was fractionated into 3 bands as analyzed by SDS-PAGE using silver staining (Fig. lb) As shown in Fig. lb, SDS PAGE (12.5%) analysis of the fractions from the major peak shown in Fig. la was performed under reducing conditions.
  • the gel was silver stained using the silver staining kit from Bio-Rad.
  • the samples in each lane were as follows: Lane 1, prestained standard proteins (Gibco BRL) including ovalbumin (43,000 kD), carbonic anhydrase (29,000 kD), and ⁇ - lactoglobulin (18,400 kD); lane 2, fraction 36 ; lane 3 fraction 37; lane 4 fraction 38; lane 5 fraction 39 ; lane 6 fraction 41, lane 7 fraction 43; and lane 8 fraction 44. All fractions are shown in Fig. la.
  • the difference in molecular weight and isoelectric point in these isoforms might in part be due to post- translational modification, e.g. glycosylation, phosphorylation or lipid content.
  • the possibility that these different isoforms might be due to protease degradation cannot be ruled out at present even though it is unlikely due to the fact that four different protease inhibitors were used during extraction and purification.
  • the other possibility could be due to polymorphism in the gene or alternate splicing in the mRNA though only one major form of Cryj I protein has been detected in cDNA cloning studies (see Example 4).
  • Another approach which may be used to purify native Ctyj I or recombinant C yj I is immunoaffinity chromatography. This technique provides a very selective protein purification due to the specificity of the interaction between monoclonal antibodies and antigen.
  • Cryj I-reactive monoclonal antibodies female Balbl c mice were obtained from Jackson Labs. Each mouse was initially immunized intraperitoneally with 70-100 ⁇ g purified native Cr j I, (>99% purity lower band, as shown in Fig. lb), emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant.
  • One further intravenous injection of 10 ⁇ g purified native Cryj I in PBS was given 54 days after the initial injection.
  • the spleen was removed 3 days later and myeloma fusion was conducted as described (Current Protocols in Immunology, 1991, Coligan et al, eds.) using the myeloma line SP2.0.
  • the cells were cultured in 10% fetal calf serum
  • Hybrimax hypoxanthine and azaserine and wells containing colonies of hybridoma cells were screened for antibody production using antigen-binding ELISA.
  • Capture ELISA (see Example 7) was used for secondary and tertiary screening. This assay offers the advantage that a clone that recognizes the native protein may be selected and thus may be useful for immunoaffinity purification. For example, two monoclonal antibodies (4B11, 8B 1 1) were generated. These antibodies were purified by Gammabind G. Sepharose
  • RNA from defatted Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) pollen (Greer Laboratories, Lenior, NC) using this protocol, defatting the Ctyptomeria japonica pollen with acetone before guanidine extraction also did not yield any RNA, as determined by absorbance at A260-
  • Ctyptomeria japonica pollen was suspended in 10 ml extraction buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 9.0, 0.2 M NaCl, 10 mM Mg acetate and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) to 0.1%), ground in a mortar and pestle on dry ice. transferred to a centrifuge tube with 1% SDS, 10 mM EDTA and 0.5% N- lauroyl sarcosine, and the mixture was extracted five times with warm phenol. The aqueous phase was recovered after the final centrifugation, 2.5 vol. absolute ethanol was added, and the mixture was incubated overnight at 4°C.
  • 10 ml extraction buffer 50 mM Tris, pH 9.0, 0.2 M NaCl, 10 mM Mg acetate and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) to 0.1%), ground in a mortar and pestle on dry ice. transferred to a centrifuge tube with 1% SDS, 10 mM EDTA and 0.
  • the pellet was recovered by centrifugation, resuspended in 1 ml dH2 ⁇ by heating to 65°C. and reprecipitated by the addition of 0.1 vol. 3 M Na acetate and 2.0 vol. of ethanol. No detectable RNA was recovered in the pellet as judged by absorbance at A26O an( * gel electrophoresis.
  • the pellets were recovered by centrifugation, resuspended in dH2 ⁇ and heated to 65°C for 5 min. Two ml of 4 M lithium chloride were added to the RNA preparations and they were incubated overnight at 0°C. The RNA pellets were recovered by centrifugation, resuspended in 1 ml dH2 ⁇ , and again precipitated with 3 M sodium acetate and ethanol overnight. The final pellets were resuspended in 100 ⁇ l dH2 ⁇ and stored at -80°C.
  • First strand cDNA was synthesized from 8 ⁇ g flowerhead and 4 ⁇ g pollen RNA using a commercially available kit (cDNA synthesis systems kit, BRL, Gaithersburg, MD) with oligo dT priming according to the method of
  • Primer EDT has the sequence 5'-GGAATTCTCTAGACTGCA- GGTr ⁇ TT ⁇ Tl ⁇ -3'(SEQ ID NO: 24).
  • Primer ED has the sequence 5'- GGAATTCTCTAGACTGCAGGT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 23).
  • CP-1 is the degenerate oligonucleotide sequence encoding the first six amino acids of the amino terminus (AspAsnProIleAspSer, amino acids 1-6 of SEQ ID NO: 1) of Cryj I. EDT will hybridize with the poly A tail of the gene. All oligonucleotides were synthesized by Research Genetics, Inc. Huntsville, AL.
  • PCR Polymerase chain reactions
  • 10 ⁇ l lOx buffer containing dNTPs was mixed with 1 ⁇ g of CP- 1 and 1 ⁇ g of ED/EDT primers (ED:EDT in a 3: 1 M ratio), cDNA (3-5 ⁇ l of a 20 ⁇ l first strand cDNA reaction mix), 0.5 ⁇ l Amplitaq DNA polymerase, and distilled water to 100 ⁇ l.
  • the samples were amplified with a programmable thermal controller (MJ Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA).
  • the first 5 rounds of amplification consisted of denaturation at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing of primers to the template at 45°C for 1.5 minutes, and chain elongation at 70°C for 2 minutes.
  • the final 20 rounds of amplification consisted of denaturation as above, annealing at 55°C for 1.5 minutes, and elongation as above.
  • sequence 5'-GGGAATTC-3' (bases 1 through 8 of SEQ ID NO: 4) in primer CP-2 represents an Eco Rl site added for cloning purposes; the remaining degenerate oligonucleotide sequence encodes amino acids 13-18 of
  • Cryj I (AsnTrpAlaGlnAsnArg, amino acids 13 through 18 of SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • Multiple DNA bands were resolved on a 1% GTG agarose gel (FMC, Rockport, ME), none of which hybridized with 32 P end- labeled probe CP-3 (SEQ ID NO: 5) in a Southern blot performed according to the method in Sambrook et al. supra. Therefore, it was not possible to select a specific Cryj I DNA band and this approach was not pursued.
  • CP-3 has the sequence 5'- CTGCAGCCATT- TTCIACATTAAA-3' wherein A at position 9 can also be G; T at position 12 can also be C; A at position 18 can also be G; and A at position 21 can also be G) (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • Inosine (I) is used at position 15 in place of G or A or T or C to reduce degeneracy (Knoth et al. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 10932).
  • sequence 5'-CTGCAG-3' (bases 1 through 6 of SEQ ID NO: 5) in primer CP-3 represent a Pst I site added for cloning memeposes; the remaining degenerate oligonucleotide sequence is the non-coding strand sequence corresponding to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids PheAsnValGluAsnGly (amino acids 327 through 332 of SEQ ID NO: 1) from the internal sequence of Cryj I.
  • a primary PCR was also performed on first-strand cDNA using CP-1 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and CP-3 (SEQ ID NO: 5), as above.
  • a secondary PCR was performed using 5% of the primary reaction using CP-2 (SEQ ID NO: 4) and CP-3 (SEQ ID NO: 5). Again, multiple bands were observed, none of which could be specifically identified in a Southern blot as Cryj I, and this approach was also not pursued.
  • Double-stranded cDNA was then synthesized from approximately 4 ⁇ g (pollen) or 8 ⁇ g (flowerhead) RNA using a commercially available kit (cDNA Synthesis System kit, BRL, Gaithersburg, MD). After a phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation, the cDNA was blunted with T4 DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI), and ligated to ethanol precipitated, self- annealed, AT (SEQ ID NO: 20) and AL (SEQ ID NO: 22) oligonucleotides for use in a modified Anchored PCR reaction, according to the method in Rafnar et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem.
  • Oligonucleotide AT has the sequence 5'- GGGTCTAGAGGTACCGTC- CGATCGATCATT-3'(SEQ ID NO: 20) (Rafnar et al. supra ). Oligonucleotide
  • AL has the sequence 5'-AATGATCGATGCT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 22) (Rafnar et al. Supra.
  • the amino terminus of Cryj I was amplified from the tinkered cDNA (3 ul from a 20 ⁇ l reaction) with 1 ⁇ g each of oligonucleotides AP (SEQ ID NO: 21) and degenerate Cryj I primer CP-7 (which has the sequence 5'- TTCATICGATTCTGGGCCCA-3' wherein G at position 8 can also be T; A at position 9 can also be G; C at position 12 can also be T; and G at position 15 can also be A, T, or C)(SEQ ID NO: 6).
  • Inosine (I) is used at position 6 in place of G or A or T or C to reduce degeneracy (Knoth et al. supra).
  • the degenerate oligonucleotide CP-7 (SEQ ID NO: 6) is the non-coding strand sequence corresponding to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids 14-20
  • Oligonucleotide AP has the sequence 5'-GGGTCTA- GAGGTACCGTCCG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 21).
  • Primer CP-8 has the sequence 5'-CCTGCAGCGATTCT- GGGCCCAAATT-3' wherein G at position 9 can also be T; A at position 10 can also be G; C at position 13 can also be T; G at position 16 can also be A, T, or C; and A at position 23 can also be G)(SEQ ID NO: 7).
  • the nucleotides 5'- CCTGCAG-3' represent a Pst I restriction site added for cloning purposes.
  • the remaining degenerate oligonucleotide sequence is the non-coding strand sequence corresponding to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids 13-18 of Ctyj I (AsnTrpAlaGlnAsnArg, amino acids 13-18 of SEQ ID NO: 1) from the amino terminus of Ctyj I.
  • the dominant amplified product was a DNA band of approximately 193 base pairs. as visualized on an ethidium bromide (EtBr)-stained 3% GTG agarose gel.
  • Amplified DNA was recovered by sequential chloroform, phenol, and chloroform extractions, followed by precipitation at -20°C with 0.5 volumes of 7.5 ammonium acetate and 1.5 volumes of isopropanol. After precipitation and washing with 70% ethanol, the DNA was simultaneously digested with Xba
  • the clone designated JC71.6 was found to contain a partial sequence of Ctyj I. This was confirmed as an authentic clone of Cryj I by having complete identity to the disclosed NH2-terminal sequence of Ctyj I (Taniai et al. supra). The amino acid at position 7 was determined to be cysteine
  • amino acid numbering is based on the sequence of the mature protein; amino acid 1 corresponds to the aspartic acid (Asp) disclosed as the NH2-terminus of
  • the initiating methionine was found to be amino acid -21 relative to the first amino acid of the mature protein.
  • the position of the initiating methionine was supported by the presence of upstream in-frame- stop codons and by 78% homology of the surrounding nucleotide sequence with the plant consensus sequence that encompasses the initiating methionine, as reported by Lutcke et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:43-48.
  • cDNA encoding the remainder of Ctyj I gene was cloned from the tinkered cDNA by using oligonucleotides CP-9 (which has the sequence 5'-ATGGATTCCCCTTGCTTA-3')(SEQ ID NO: 8) and AP (SEQ ID NO: 21) in the primary PCR reaction.
  • Oligonucleotide CP-9 (SEQ ID NO: 8) encodes amino acids MetAspSerProCysLeu of Cryj I (amino acids -21 through - 16 of SEQ ID NO: 1) from the leader sequence of Ctyj I, and is based on the nucleotide sequence determined for the partial Cryj I clone JC76.1.
  • a secondary PCR reaction was performed on 5% of the initial amplification mixture, with 1 ⁇ g each of AP (SEQ ID NO: 21) and CP-10 (which has the sequence 5'-GGGAATTCGATAATCCCATAGACAGC-3 * )(SEQ ID NO: 9), the nested primer.
  • the nucleotide sequence 5'-GGGAATTC-3' of primer CP- 10 (bases 1 through 8 of SEQ ID NO: 9) represent an Eco Rl restriction site added for cloning purposes.
  • the remaining oligonucleotide sequence encodes amino acids 1-6 of Cryj I (AspAsnProIleAspSer) (amino acids 1 through 6 of SEQ ID NO: 1), and is based on the nucleotide sequence determined for the partial Cryj I clone JC76.1.
  • the amplified DNA product was purified and precipitated as above, followed by digestion with Eco Rl and Xba I and electrophoresis through a preparative 1% low melt gel. The dominant DNA band was excised and ligated into M13mpl9 and pUC19 for sequencing. Again, ligatable material was recovered from cDNA generated from pollen-derived RNA, and from staminate cone-derived RNA. Two clones, designated pUC19JC91a and pUC19JC91d, were selected for full-length sequencing. They were subsequently found to have identical sequences.
  • DNA was sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method (Sanger et al. supra) using a commercially available kit (sequenase kit (U.S. Biochemicals, Cleveland, OH). Both strands were completely sequenced using M13 forward and reverse primers (N.E. Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and internal sequencing primers CP-13 (SEQ ID NO: 10), CP-14 (SEQ ID NO: 11), CP-15
  • CP-13 has the sequence 5'- ATGCCTATGTACATTGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 10).
  • CP-13 (SEQ ID NO: 10) encodes amino acids 82-87 of Cry' J I (MetProMetTyrlleAla, amino acids 82 through 87 of SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • CP-14 has the sequence 5'-
  • GCAATGTACATAGGCAT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 11) and corresponds to the non- coding strand sequence of CP- 13 SEQ ID NO: 10).
  • CP- 15 has the sequence 5'- TCCAATTCTTCTGATGGT-3' ((SEQ ID NO: 12) which encodes amino acids 169-174 of Cryj I (SerAsnSerSerAspGly, amino acids 169 through 174 of SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • CP-16 has the sequence 5'- TTTTGTCAATTGAGGAGT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 13) which is the non-coding strand sequence which corresponds to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids 335-340 of Cryj I
  • CP- 18 has the sequence 5'-TAGCAACTCCAGTCGAAGT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 15) which is the non-coding strand sequence which substantially corresponds to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids 181 through 186 of Cryj I (ThrSerThrGlyValThr, amino acids 181 through 186 of SEQ ID NO: 1) except that the fourth nucleotide of CP-18 (SEQ ID NO: 15) was synthesized as a C rather than the correct nucleotide, T.
  • CP-19 which has the sequence 5'- TAGCTCTCATTTGGTGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16) is the non-coding strand sequence which corresponds to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids 270 through 275 of Cryj I (AlaProAsnGluSerTyr, amino acids 270 through 275 of SEQ JO NO: 1).
  • CP-20 has the sequence 5'- TATGCAATTGGTGGGAGT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 17) which is the coding strand sequence for amino acids 251-256 of Cryj I (TyrAlalleGlyGlySer, amino acids 251 through 256 of SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • the sequenced DNA was found to have the sequence shown in Figs.
  • Ct j I This is a composite sequence from the two overlapping clones JC 71.6 and pUC19J91a.
  • the complete cDNA sequence for Ct j I is composed of 1312 nucleotides, including 66 nucleotides of 5' untranslated sequence, an open reading frame starting with the codon for an initiating methionine, of 1122 nucleotides, and a 3' untranslated region.
  • Nucleotides 1313-1337 of Fig. 4 and SEQ. ID NO: 1 represent vector sequences. The position of the initiating methionine is confirmed by the presence of in-frame upstream stop codons and by 78% homology with the plant consensus sequence that encompasses the initiating methionine (AAAAAUGGA
  • the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein comprised of 353 amino acids has complete sequence identity with the published protein sequence for Cryj I (Taniai et al. supra), including the first twenty amino acids for the NH2-terminal and sixteen contiguous internal amino acids.
  • the mature protein also contains five potential N-linked glycosylation sites corresponding to the consensus sequence N-X-S/T.
  • the pellets were recovered by centrifugation, resuspended in dH2 ⁇ and heated to 65°C for 5 minutes. Two ml of 4 M lithium chloride were added to the RNA preparations and they were incubated overnight at 9°C. The RNA pellets were recovered by centrifugation, resuspended in 1 ml dH2 ⁇ , and again precipitated with 3 M sodium acetate and ethanol overnight. The final pellets were resuspended in 100 ⁇ l dH2 ⁇ and stored at -80°C.
  • Double stranded cDNA was synthesized from 8 ⁇ g pollen RNA using the cDNA Synthesis Systems kit (BRL) with oligo dT priming according to the method of Gubler and Hoffman (1983) Gene 25:263-269.
  • Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were carried out using the GeneAmp DNA Amplification kit (Perkin Elmer Cetus) whereby 10 ⁇ l lOx buffer containing dNTPs was mixed with 100 pmol each of a sense oligonucleotide and an anti-sense oligonucleotide, (10 ⁇ l of a 400 ⁇ l double stranded cDNA reaction mix), 0.5 ⁇ l
  • the samples were amplified with a programmable thermal controller from MJ Research, Inc. (Cambridge, MA).
  • the first 5 rounds of amplification consisted of denaturation at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing of primers to the template at 45°C for 1 minute, and chain elongation at 72°C for 1 minute.
  • the final 20 rounds of amplification consisted of denaturation as above, annealing at 55°C for 1 minute, and elongation as above.
  • CP-17 (SEQ. ID #14) has the sequence 5'- CCTGCAGAAGCTTCATCAACAACGTTTAGA-3' and corresponds to non-coding strand sequence that corresponds to coding strand sequence encoding amino acids SKRC* (amino acids 350-353 and the stop codon of SEQ. ID #1).
  • the nucleotide sequence 5'-CCTGCAGAAGCTT-3' (bases 1 through 13 of SEQ. ID # 14) represents Pst I and Hin dill restriction sites added for cloning purposes.
  • the nucleotide sequence 5'-TCA-3' (bases 13 through 15 of SEQ. ID # 14) correspond to the non-coding strand sequence of a stop codon. All of the amplifications yielded products of the expected size when viewed on ethidium bromide (EtBr)-stained agarose gels. Two of these primer pairs were used in amplifications whose products were cloned into pUC19 for full-length sequencing.
  • the PCR reaction with CP-10 (SEQ.
  • Amplified DNA was recovered by sequential chloroform, phenol, and chloroform extractions, followed by precipitation at -20°C with 0.5 volumes of
  • DNA bands were visualized by EtBr staining, excised, and ligated into appropriately digested pUC19 for dideoxy DNA sequencing by the dideoxy chain termination method (Sanger et al. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463-5476) using a commercially available sequencing kit (Sequenase kit, U.S. Biochemicals, Cleveland, OH).
  • Both strands were sequenced using M13 forward and reverse primers (N.E. Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and internal sequencing primers CP-13 (SEQ. ID #10), CP-15 (SEQ. ID #12), CP-16 (SEQ ID #13), CP-18 (SEQ. ID #15), CP-19 (SEQ. ID #16) and CP-20 (SEQ. ID #17).
  • CP-13 SEQ. ID #10
  • CP-15 SEQ. ID #12
  • CP-16 SEQ ID #13
  • CP-18 SEQ. ID #15
  • CP-19 SEQ. ID #16
  • CP-20 SEQ. ID #17
  • Cryj I was performed as follows. Ten ⁇ g of pUC19JC91a was digested with Xba I, precipitated, then blunted with T4 polymerase. BamH I linkers (N.E. Biolabs, Beverly, MA) were blunt-end ligated to pUC19JC91a overnight and excess linkers were removed by filtration through a NACS ion exchange minicolumn (BRL, Gaithersburg, MD). The tinkered cDNA was then digested simultaneously with EcoR I and BamH I.
  • the Cryj I insert (extending from the nucleotides encoding the amino terminus of the mature protein through the stop codon) was isolated by electrophoresis of this digest through a 1% SeaPlaque low melt agarose gel. The insert was then ligated into the appropriately digested expression vector p ⁇ T-lld (Novagen, Madison, WI; Jameel et al. (1990) J. Virol. 64:3963-3966) modified to contain a sequence encoding 6 histidines (His 6) immediately 3' of the ATG initiation codon followed by a unique EcoR I endonuclease restriction site.
  • a recombinant clone was used to transform Escherichia coli strain BL21-D ⁇ 3 which harbors a plasmid that has an isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter preceding the gene encoding T7 polymerase. Induction with IPTG leads to high levels of T7 polymerase expression, which is necessary for expression of the recombinant protein in pET-1 Id, which has a T7 promoter. Clone pET-1 ld ⁇ HRhis6JC91a.d was confirmed by dideoxy sequencing (Sanger et al. Supra) with CP-14 (SEQ.
  • IPTG isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactopyranoside
  • Recombinant protein expression was visualized as a band with the predicted molecular weight of approximately 38 kDa on a Coomassie blue-stained SDS- PAGE gel, according to the method in Sambrook et al., supra, on which 40 ⁇ l of the crude lysate was loaded.
  • a negative control consisted of crude lysates from uninduced bacteria containing the plasmid with Cryj I and an induced lysate from bacteria carrying no plasmid.
  • the pET-1 ld ⁇ HRhis6JC91a.d clone was then grown on a large scale for recombinant protein expression and purification.
  • a 2 ml culture bacteria containing the recombinant plasmid was grown for 8 hr, then streaked onto solid media (e.g. 6 petri plates (100 x 15 mm) with 1.5% agarose in LB medium
  • Bacteria were recovered by centrifugation (7,930 x g, 10 min), and lysed in 90 ml of 6M Guanidine-HCl, 0.1M Na2HPO4, pH 8.0 for 1 hour with vigorous shaking. Insoluble material was removed by centrifugation (11,000 x g, 10 min, 4° C). The pH of the lysate was adjusted to pH 8.0, and the lysate applied to an 80 ml Nickel NTA agarose column (Qiagen) that had been equilibrated with 6 M Guanidine HCl, 100 mM Na2HPO4, pH 8.0.
  • Nickel NTA agarose column Qiagen
  • the column was sequentially washed with 6 M Guanidine HCl, 100 mM Na2HPO4, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, then 8 M urea, 100 mM Na2HPO4, pH 8.0, and finally 8 M urea. 100 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.3. The column was washed with each buffer until the flow through had an A280 ⁇ 0.05.
  • the recombinant protein, Cryj I was eluted with 8 M urea, 100 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 4.5, and collected in 10 ml aliquots. The protein concentration of each fraction was determined by absorbance at A280 and the peak fractions pooled. An aliquot of the collected recombinant protein was analyzed on SDS-PAGE according to the method in Sambrook et al., supra.
  • PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • LSM lymphocyte separation medium
  • T cells proliferate to selected peptides, recombinant Ctyj I (rCryj I), purified native Cryj I, or recombinant Amb a 1.1 (rAmb al.1) was then assessed.
  • 2 X 10 ⁇ rested cells were restimulated in the presence of 2 X 10 ⁇ autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells (prepared as described below) (gamma-irradiated with 25,000 RADS) with 2-50 ⁇ g/ml of tCryj I, purified native Cr j I or rAmb a I.l, in a volume of 200 ⁇ l complete medium in duplicate or triplicate wells in 96-well round bottom plates for 2-4 days. The optimal incubation was found to be 3 days. Each well then received 1 ⁇ Ci tritiated thymidine for 16-20 hours. The counts incorporated were collected onto glass fiber filter mats and processed for liquid scintillation counting.
  • EBV Epstein-Barr virus
  • Fig. 12 shows the effect of varying antigen dose in assays with recombinant Ct j I, purified native Cr j I, and recombinant Amb a 1.1 and several antigenic peptides synthesized as described above. Some peptides were found to be inhibitory at high concentrations in these assays. The titrations were used to optimize the dose of peptides in T cell assays. The maximum response in a titration of each peptide is expressed as the stimulation index (S.I.). The S.I. is the counts per minute (CPM) incorporated by cells in response to peptide, divided by the CPM incorporated by cells in medium only. An S.I.
  • CPM counts per minute
  • T cell lines also responded at a significantly lower level to rAmb a 1.1 indicating that the Amb a I allergens share a degree of homology with Cryj I and that "shared" T cell epitopes might exist between Cryj I and Amb a I.
  • This panel of Japanese cedar allergic patients responded to peptides CJl-1, CJ1-2, CJ1-3, CJ1-4, CJ1-7, CJ1-8, CJ1-9, CJl-10, CJl-11, CJ1-12, CJ1-14, CJ1-15, CJI-16, CJ1-17, CJ1-18, CJ1-19, CJ1-20, CJ1-
  • EBV-transformed cell lines were ⁇ -irradiated with 25,000 Rad and used as antigen presenting cells in secondary proliferation assays and secondary bulk stimulations. These cell lines were also used as a control in the immuno-fluorescence flow cytometry analysis. These EBV-transformed cell lines were made by incubating 5 X 10 ⁇ PBL with 1 ml of B-59/8 Marmoset cell line (ATCC CRL1612, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD) conditioned medium in the presence of 1 ⁇ g/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at 37°C for 60 minutes in 12 X 75 mm polypropylene round-bottom Falcon snap cap tubes (Becton Dickinson Labware, Lincoln Park, NJ).
  • B-59/8 Marmoset cell line ATCC CRL1612, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD
  • PMA phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
  • ELISA wells were coated with Japanese cedar pollen SPE and then allergic patient IgE binding was measured in the presence of competing purified native Cryj I in solution.
  • the source of allergic IgE in these assays was either the pool of plasma from 15 patients (denoted PHP) or seven individual plasma samples from patients with a Japanese cedar MAST score of
  • the competition assay using the pooled human plasma samples compares the competitive binding capacity of purified native Cryj I to Japanese cedar pollen SPE and an irrelevant allergen source, rye grass SPE.
  • Fig. 6 shows the graphed results of the competition ELISA with pooled human plasma.
  • the concentration of protein present in the Japanese cedar pollen SPE is approximately 170 times greater at each competing point than is the purified native Cryj I . From this analysis it is clear that the purified native Ctyj I competes very well for IgE binding to the whole range of proteins present in the Japanese cedar pollen soluble pollen extract. This implies that most of the anti- Cry J IgE reactivity is directed against native Cryj I .
  • the reactivity of IgE from cedar pollen allergic patients to the pollen proteins is dramatically reduced when these proteins are denatured.
  • One method of analyzing this property is through direct binding ELISA where the coating antigen is the Japanese cedar pollen SPE or denatured Japanese cedar pollen SPE which has been denatured by boiling in the presence of a reducing agent DTT.
  • FIG. 8a shows the direct binding assay to the SPE with seven individual plasma samples.
  • Fig. 8b the binding results with the denatured SPE demonstrates the marked decrease in reactivity following this treatment.
  • Ctyj I was detected with a rabbit polyclonal antisera against the Amb a I & II protein family.
  • These ragweed proteins have high sequence identity (46%) with Cryj I and this antisera can be used as a cross reactive antibody detection system.
  • these data demonstrate a marked loss in IgE reactivity following denaturation of the Japanese cedar pollen SPE.
  • the recombinant Cryj I protein (rCryj I), expressed in bacteria and then purified (as described in Example 5), has been examined for IgE reactivity.
  • the first method applied to this examination was direct ELISA where wells were coated with the recombinant Cryj I and IgE binding was assayed on individual patients.
  • Fig. 9 is the graphic representation of this direct ELISA.
  • the only positive signals on this data set are from the two control antisera rabbit polyclonal anti-Amb a I & II prepared by conventional means (Rabbit anti-Amb a I & JJ) and CBF2, a monoclonal antibody raised against Amb a I that cross reacts with Cryj I .
  • Rabbit anti-Amb a I & JJ monoclonal antibody raised against Amb a I that cross reacts with Cryj I .
  • a capture ELISA Another method of analysis that was applied to the examination of IgE reactivity to the recombinant Cryj I was a capture ELISA.
  • This analysis relies on the use of a defined antibody, in this case CBF2 to bind the antigen and allow for the binding of antibodies to other epitope sites.
  • the format of this capture ELISA is 1) wells are coated with MAb CBF2, 2) antigen or PBS (as one type of negative control) is added and captured by specific interaction with the coated MAb, 3) either the control antibody anti-Ami? a I & II (Fig. 10b) or human allergic plasma (Fig. 10a) is added as the detecting antibody, and 4) detection of antibody binding is assayed.
  • 10a and 10b are the graphed results of these assays.
  • the pooled human plasma (PHP) 15 patients was used.
  • PHP human plasma
  • the conclusion from these results is that there is no indication of any specific binding of human allergic IgE to rCryj I by this method of analysis.
  • the capture of rCrv J I works as evidenced by the control antibody binding curve, shown in Fig. 10b.
  • the lack of IgE binding to E. coli expressed rCrv J I may be due to absence of carbohydrate or any other post-translational modification and/or that the majority of IgE cannot react with denatured Cryj I.
  • RAST, competition ELISA and Western blotting data also demonstrates no specific IgE reactivity to the rCry J I (data not shown).
  • a histamine release assay was performed on one Japanese cedar pollen allergic patient using Japanese cedar pollen SPE, purified native Cryj I and rCry J I as the added antigens. This assay is a measure of IgE reactivity through human basophil mediator release. The results of this assay, shown in Fig. 11, demonstrate strong histamine release with both purified native Cryj I and the Japanese cedar pollen SPE over a wide concentration range. The only point where there is any measurable histamine release with the Cryj I is at the highest concentration, 50 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Cryj I protein for immunotherapy as E. coli expressed material has T cell reactivity (Example 6), but does not appear to bind IgE from Crytpomeria japonica atopes nor cause histamine release from the mast cells and basophils of such atopes in vitro.
  • Expression of rCry J I which is capable of binding IgE could possibly be achieved in yeast, insect (baculovirus) or mammalian cells (e.g. CHO, human and mouse).
  • mammalian cell expression could be the use of the pcDNA I/Amp mammalian expression vector (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) expressing recombinant Cr j I in COS cells.
  • a rCrv J I capable of actively binding IgE may be important for the use of recombinant material for diagnostic purposes.
  • FIG. 15a and 15b are graphs of these binding results using PHP (15 patients) as the cedar pollen allergic IgE source.
  • This pool of plasma was formulated for enrichment of IgE that could bind to denatured SPE (as determined by direct ELISA) and therefore increase the chance of reactivity toward the peptides.
  • the peptide IgE binding capacity was compared to that of purified native Cryj I and to rCr J I.
  • RNA from Juniperus sabinoides, Juniperus virginiana and Cupressus arizonica pollens Extraction of RNA from Juniperus sabinoides, Juniperus virginiana and Cupressus arizonica pollens and the cloning of Jun s I and Jun v I, homoiogs of Cry I.
  • Single stranded cDNA was synthesized from 5 ⁇ g total pollen RNA from J. virginiana and 5 ⁇ g total pollen RNA from J. sabinoides using the cDNA Synthesis System kit (BRL, Gaithersburg, MD). as described in Example 3.
  • the initial attempt at cloning Cryj I homologue from the two juniper species was made using various pairs of Cryj I-specific oligonucleotides in PCR amplifications on both juniper cDNAs. PCRs were carried out as described in Example 3.
  • oligonucleotide primer pairs used were: CP-9/CP- 17, CP10/CP- 17, CP-10/CP-16, CP-10/CP-19, CP-10/CP-18, CP-13/CP-17, and CP-13/CP-19.
  • CP- 10 was used in the majority of the reactions as the 5' primer since it has been reported by Gross et. al. (1978) Scand. J. Immunol. 8: 437-441 that the first 5 amino-terminal amino acids of J. sabinoides are identical to those of Cr j I.
  • the double-stranded cDNA was ligated to ethanol precipitated, self annealed, AT and AL oligonucleotides for use in a modified Anchored PCR as described in Example 3.
  • a number of Cr j I primers were then used in combination with AP in an attempt to isolate the Cryj I homologues from the two juniper species.
  • the sequences of AT, AL and AP are given in Example 3.
  • a primary PCR was carried out with 100 pmol each of the oligonucleotides CP-10 and AP.
  • nucleotide 33 can also be an A or C.
  • the amplified DNA was recovered as described in Example 3 and simultaneously digested with Xba I and Pst I in a 50 ⁇ l reaction, precipitated to reduce the volume to 10 ⁇ l, and electrophoresed through a preparative 2% GTG NuSeive low melt gel (FMC, Rockport, ME).
  • FMC FastG NuSeive low melt gel
  • the appropriate sized DNA band was visualized by EtBr staining, excised, and ligated into appropriately digested pUC19 for sequencing by the dideoxy chain termination method of Sanger et al. (supra) using a commercially available sequencing kit (Sequenase kit, U.S. Biochemicals, Cleveland, OH).
  • JS 17 clones pUC19JS17d and pUC19JS17f
  • JV21 clone pUC19JV21g
  • the Cryj I homologues isolated from J. sabinoides and J. virginiana RNA were designated Jun s I and Jun v I, respectively.
  • the Cryj I primers CP-9 and CP-10 should work in primary and secondary PCRs, respectively, with AP to amplify the carboxyl portion of the Jun s I and Jun v I cDNAs.
  • the sequence of these primers are essentially identical to the sequences of Jun s I and Jun v I, with the exception of 2 nucleotides in CP-9 (T instead of A in position 5 of CP-9, C instead of A in position 12), and 1 in CP-10 (C instead of A in position 12 for Jun s I only).
  • primary PCRs with CP-9 and AP and secondary PCRs with CP-10 and AP did not yield identifiable Jun s I nor Jun v I product when viewed on an EtBr-stained agarose gel.
  • Oligonucleotide Jl was synthesized. Jl and all subsequent oligonucleotides were synthesized on an ABI 394 DNA/RNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Primary PCRs were carried out using AP and Jl with J. virginiana and J. sabinoides cDNAs. Jl has the sequence 5'- CTAAAAATGGCTTCCCCA-3', which corresponds to nucleotides 20-37 of Jun s I (Fig. 16) and nucleotides 30-47 of Jun v I (Fig. 17). A secondary PCR amplification was performed on the primary Jl/AP amplification of J. sabinoides cDNA using primers J2 and AP. J2 has the sequence 5'-
  • nucleotides 1-13 represent EcoR I and Xba I endonuclease restriction sites added for cloning purposes, and the remaining nucleotides correspond to nucleotides 65-84 in the Jun s I sequence (Fig. 16).
  • the secondary amplification from J. virginiana cDNA was performed with AP and J3, which has sequence 5'-
  • nucleotides 1-13 represent EcoR I and Xba I endonuclease restriction sites added for cloning purposes and the remaining nucleotides correspond to nucleotides 75-94 in the Jun v I sequence (Fig. 17). No specific amplified product was observed in either secondary reaction.
  • the primers designated ⁇ D and ⁇ DT were used at a molar ratio of 3:1 ( ⁇ D: ⁇ DT) in conjunction with primers Jl, J2 and J3, as described below.
  • EDT has the sequence 5'-GGAATTCTCTAGACTGCAGG- TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3'.
  • EDT The nucleotides 1 through 20 of EDT were added to the poly-T track to create EcoR L Xba I, and Pst I endonuclease restriction sites for cloning purposes.
  • ED has the sequence 5'-GGAATTCTCTAGACTGCA-
  • GGT-3' corresponding to nucleotides 1 to 21 of EDT.
  • oligonucleotides and their use have been previously described (Morgenstern et al. ( 1991) Proc. Natnl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:9690-9694).
  • ED/EDT were used in primary PCRs with oligonucleotide Jl for amplifications from J. sabinoides and J. virginiana cDNAs, followed by secondary PCRs with oligonucleotides J2 and APA (for J. sabinoides) or J3 and APA (for J. virginiana). No specific product was identified from these amplifications.
  • oligonucleotide APA was used in a primary PCR reaction with Jl for J. sabinoides and J. virginiana, followed by secondary amplifications with J2 (for J. sabinoides) or J3 (for J virginiana) and APA. No specific product was identified from these amplifications.
  • the degenerate primer CP-57 was then synthesized.
  • CP-57 has the sequence 5'-GGCCTGCAGTTAACAGCG- TTTGCAGAAGGTGCA-3', wherein T at position 10 can also be C, T at position 11 can also be C, A at position 13 can also be G,G at position 16 can also be A,T, or C, G at position 18 can also be T, T at position 19 can also be C, G at position 22 can also be A, T or C, C at position 23 can also be G, A at position 24 can also be C, G at position 25 can also be A, T, or C, A at position
  • nucleotides 1 through 9 of CP-57 were added to create a Pst I site for cloning purposes, the nucleotides 10 through 12 are complementary to a stop codon and nucleotides 13 through 33 are complementary to coding strand sequence essentially encoding the amino acids CysSerLeuSerLysArgCys (amino acids 347 through 353 of Figure 4b, corresponding to nucleotides 1167 through 1187 of Figure 4b). This was used in a primary PCR with Jl on both J.
  • CP-62 has sequence 5'- CCACTAAATATTATCCA-3', wherein A at position 3 can also be G, A at position 6 can also be G, T at position 9 can also be A or G, and T at position 12 can also be A or G; this degenerate oligonucleotide sequence is complementary to the coding strand sequence essentially encoding the amino acids TrpIlellePheSerGly (amino acids 69 through 74 of Figure 4a, corresponding to nucleotides 333 through 349 of Figure 4a).
  • CP-63 has sequence 5'- GCATCCCCATCTTGGGGATG-3', wherein A at position 3 can also be G, A at position 9 can also be G, T at position 12 can also be C, G at position 15 can also be A, T, or C, and A at position 18 can also be G; this degenerate oligonucleotide sequence is complementary to the sequence capable of encoding the amino acids HisProGlnAspGlyAspAla (amino acids 146-152 of Figure 4a. corresponding to nucleotides 564 to 583 of Figure 4a).
  • CP-64 has the sequence 5'-GTCCATGGATCATAATTATT-3', wherein T at position 6 can also be C, A at position 9 can also be G, A at position 12 can also be G, A at position 15 can also be G, and A at position 18 can also be G; this degenerate oligonucleotide sequence is complementary to the coding strand sequence capable of encoding the amino acids AsnAsnTyrAspProTrpThr (amino acids 243-249 of Figure 4b, corresponding to nucleotides 855 through 874 of Figure 4b).
  • AP was used in a primary PCR amplification with CP-62, CP-63, CP-64 and CP-3 (described in Example 3) for both J.
  • CP-65 has the sequence 5'-GCCCTGCAGTCCCCATCTTGGGGATGGAC-3', wherein A at position 15 can also be G, T at position 18 can also be C, G at position 21 can also be G, A, T, or C, A at position 24 can also be G, and G at position 27 can also be A, T, or C.
  • Nucleotides 1-9 of CP-65 were added to create a Pst I restriction site for cloning purposes, while the remaining degenerate oligonucleotide sequence is complementary to coding strand sequence essentially capable of encoding the amino acids ValHisProGlnAspGlyAsp (amino acids 145-151 of Figure 4a, corresponding to nucleotides 561 through 580 of Figure 4a).
  • AP was used in conjunction with CP-65 in a secondary PCR of the primary
  • the sequence of the Jun s I clone designated pUC19JS42e was found to be identical to that of clones pUC19JS17d and pUC19JS17f in their regions of overlap, although they had different lengths in the 5' untranslated region. Clone pUC19JS17d had the longest 5' untranslated sequence. Nucleotides 1 through 141 of Fig. 16 correspond to sequence of clone pUC19JS17d. Clone pUC19JS42e corresponds to nucleotides 1 through 538 of Fig. 16.
  • sequences of the Jun v I clones designated pUC19JV46a and pUC19JV46b were identical to the sequence of clone pUC19JV21g in their regions of overlap, with the exception that nucleotide 83 of Figure 17 was A in clone pUC19JV21g rather than the T shown. This nucleotide difference does not result in a predicted amino acid change.
  • Clones pUC19JN46a, pUC19JV46b and pUC19JN21g correspond to nucleotides 1 through 548, 1 through 548 and 2 through 151 of Figure 17, respectively.
  • the cD ⁇ As encoding the remainder of the Jun s I and Jun v I genes were cloned from the respective tinkered cD ⁇ As by using degenerate oligonucleotide
  • CP-66 which has the sequence 5 -CATCCGCAAGATGGGGATGC-3', wherein T at position 3 can also be C, G at position 6 can also be A, T, or C, A at position 9 can also be G, T at position 12 can also be C, and T at position 18 can also be C, and AP in a primary PCR.
  • the sequence of CP-66 is complementary to that of CP-63.
  • a secondary PCR was performed on 3% of the initial amplification mixture, with 100 pmoles each of AP and CP-67, which has the sequence 5'-CGGGAATTCCCTCAAGATGGGGATGCGCT-3', wherein A at position 15 can also be G, T at position 18 can also be C, T at position 24 can also be C, G at position 27 can also be A, T, or C, and C at position 28 can be T.
  • the nucleotide sequence 5'-CGGGAATTC-3' of primer CP-67 bases 1 through
  • JS45 from the J. sabinoides amplification and JV49U from the J. virginiana amplification, were purified as described in Example 3, digested with EcoR I and Xba I (JS45) or EcoR I and Aspl ⁇ % I (JV49ii) and electrophoresed through a preparative 1% low melt gel.
  • DNA was sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method (Sanger et al. supra) using a commercially available kit (sequenase kit, U.S. Biochemicals, Cleveland, OH).
  • J8 has the sequence 5'- TAGGACATGATGATACAT-3' (nucleotides 690-707 of Fig. 16), which is the coding strand sequence essentially encoding amino acids LeuGlyHisAspAspThr of Ji s I (amino acids 201-206 of Fig. 16).
  • J9 has the sequence 5'- GAGATCTACACGAGATGC-3' (nucleotides 976-993 of Fig. 16) which is the coding strand sequence essentially encoding amino acids ArgSerThrArgAspAla of Jun s I (amino acids 297-302 of Fig. 16).
  • J12 has the sequence 5'- GAGATCTACACGAGATGC-3' (nucleotides 976-993 of Fig. 16) which is the coding strand sequence essentially encoding amino acids ArgSerThrArgAspAla of Jun s I (amino acids 297-302 of Fig. 16).
  • J12 has the sequence 5'-
  • AAAACTATTCCCTTCACT-3' wherein A at position 1 can also be G, and A at position 4 can also be T.
  • This is the non-coding strand sequence that corresponds to coding strand sequence (nucleotides 875-892 of Fig. 16) encoding amino acids SerGluGlyAsnSerPhe of Jun s I (amino acids 263-268 of Fig. 16).
  • J6 has the sequence 5'-TAGGACATAGTGATTCAT-3' (nucleotides 700-717 of
  • Fig. 17 which is the coding strand sequence essentially encoding amino acids LeuGlyHisSerAspSer of Jun v I (amino acids 201-206 of Fig.17).
  • Jl 1 has the sequence S'-CCGGGATCCTTACAAATAACACATTAT-S', where nucleotides 1-9 encode a BamH 1 restriction site for cloning purposes and nucletides 10-27 correspond to noncoding strand sequence complementary to nucleotides 1 165-
  • clone pUC19JS45a corresponds to nucleotides 527 through 1170 of Fig. 16.
  • sequence of clone pUC29JV49iia corresponds to nucleotides 537 through 1278 of Fig. 17.
  • J7 has the sequence 5'-CCCGAATTCATGGCTTCC-
  • nucleotides 1-9 encode an EcoR I restriction site added for cloning purposes and nucleotides 10-27 (corresponding to nucleotides 26-43 of Fig. 16) are the coding strand sequence that encode amino acids MetAlaSerProCysLeu of Jim s I (amino acids -21 to -16, Fig. 16).
  • J10 has the sequence 5'-CCGGGATCCCGTTTCATAAGCAAGATT-3', where nucleotides
  • nucleotides 10-27 are the non-coding strand sequence complementary to nucleotides 1140- 1157 from the 3' untranslated region of Jun s I (Fig. 16).
  • the PCR product, designated JS53ii gave a band of approximately 1200 bp when examined on a 1% agarose minigel stained with ⁇ tBr.
  • the DNA from the JS53ii PCR was recovered as described in Example 3. After precipitation and washing with 70% EtOH, the DNA was simultaneously digested with EcoR I and BamH I in a 15 ⁇ l reaction and electrophoresed through a preparative 1% GTG SeaPlaque low melt gel (FMC, Rockport, M ⁇ ).
  • the appropriate sized DNA band was visualized by ⁇ tBr staining, excised, and ligated into appropriately digested pUC19 for sequencing by the dideoxy chain termination method (Sanger et al. (1977) supra) using a commercially available sequencing kit (Sequenase kit, U.S. Biochemicals, Cleveland, OH).
  • the resultant clone, pUC19JS53iib was partially sequenced using M13 forward and reverse primers (N. ⁇ . Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and internal sequencing primer J4.
  • the sequence of pUC19JS53iib that was determined was identical to that obtained from clones pUC19JS17d, pUC19JS42e, and pUC19JS45a.
  • the nucleotide sequence of clone pUC19JS53iib corresponds to nucleotides 26 through 1157 of Fig. 16.
  • Jun s I has an open reading frame of 1101 nucleotides, corresponding to nucleotides 26 through 1126 of Fig. 16, that can encode a protein of 367 amino acids. Nucleotides 1-25 and 1130-1170 of Fig. 16 are untranslated 5' and 3' regions, respectively.
  • the initiating Met, encoded by nucleotides 26-28 of Fig. 16 has been identified through the 89% identity of nucleotides 23 through 30 (AAAAATGGC) of Fig. 16 with the consensus sequence encompassing the initiating Met in plants (AACAATGGC; L e, supra). There is also an in- frame stop codon just 5 1 of the codon enco .. the initiating Met. Amino acids
  • Jun s I -21 to -1 of Fig. 16 correspond to a predicted leader sequence.
  • the amino terminus of the mature form of Jun s I was identified as amino acid 1 of Fig. 16 through direct protein sequence analysis of purified Jun s I (Gross et al supra).
  • the mature form of Jun s I corresponding to amino acids 1 through 346 of Fig. 16, has a predicted molecular weight of 37.7 kDa.
  • Jun s i has three potential N- linked glycosylation sites with the consensus sequence of Asn-Xxx-Ser/Thr.
  • nucleic and predicted amino acid sequences of Jim v I are shown in Fig. 17. Nucleotides 1-35 and 1130-1170 are untranslated 5' and 3' regions, respectively. The initiating Met, encoded by nucleotides 36-38 of Fig. 17, was identified through the 89% identity of nucleotides 23 through 30
  • Jun v I corresponding to amino acids 1 through 349 of Fig. 17 has a predicted molecular weight of 38.0 kDa.
  • Jim v I has four potential N-linked glycosylation sites with the consensus sequence of Asn-Xxx-Ser/Thr. As shown in Table I, the amino acid sequences of the mature forms of
  • Jun s I and Jun v I are 80.9% homologous (75.4% identity and 5.5% similarity) with each other.
  • the amino acid sequences of the mature forms of Jun s 1 and Cryj I are 87% homologous (80.1% identity, 6.9% similarity) and the sequences of the mature forms of Jun v I and Cryj I are 80.5% homologous (72.5% identity, 8% similarity).
  • the homologies between Cr j I peptide sequences identified in Example 6 as containing T cell epitopes and the corresponding Jim s I and Jun v I sequences are also very high. For example, peptide CJl -22, corresponding to amino acids 211-230 of Cr j I (Fig. 13), contains a major T cell epitope (Fig.
  • CJ1-22 has 95% identity (19/20 identical amino acids) and 85% homology (16/20 identical amino acids, 1/20 similar amino acid) with the corresponding regions of Jun s I and Jim v I, respectively (see Table I). This high degree of sequence homology suggests that an immunotherapy effective in treating allergic disease caused by Cryj I may also be effective in treating allergic diseases caused by Cryj I homologues. All nucleic and amino acid analyses were performed using software contained in PCGENE (Intelligenetics, Mountain View, CA).
  • RNA samples (first precipitated with 1/10 volume sodium acetate, 2 volumes ethanol to reduce volume and resuspended in 5.5 ⁇ l dH2O) were run with 10 ⁇ l formaldehyde/formamide buffer containing loading dyes with 15.5% formaldehyde, 42% formamide, and 1.3X MOPS solution, final concentration.
  • Prehybridization of the membrane was at 60°C for 1 hour in 4 ml 0.5M NaPO4 (pH 7.2), lmM EDTA, 1% BSA, and 7% SDS.
  • the antisense probe was synthesized by asymmetric PCR (McCabe, P.C., in: PCR Protocols. A Guide to Methods and Applications, Innis, M., et al., eds. Academic Press, Boston, (1990), pp 76-83) on the JC91a amplification in low melt agarose
  • the probe was added to the prehybridizing buffer at 10" cpm/ml and hybridization was earned out at 60°C for 16 hrs.
  • the blot was washed in high stringency conditions: 3x15 min at 65°C with 0.2xSSC/l% SDS, followed by wrapping in plastic wrap and exposure to film at -80°C.
  • a seven hour exposure of this Northern blot revealed a single thick band at approximately 1.2 kb for C. japonica (United States) (Fig. 19a, lane 1), C. japonica (Japan) (Fig. 19a, lane 2), J. sabinoides (Fig. 19a, lane 3) and J. virginiana (Fig. 19a, lane 4) RNAs.
  • This band is the expected size for Cryj I, Jim s I and Jun v I as predicted by PCR analysis of the cDNA.
  • the different band intensities in each lane may reflect differences in the amount of RNA loaded on the gel.
  • the position of 1.6 and 1.0 kb molecular weight standards are shown on the Figs. 19a and 19b.
  • RNA isolated from J. sabinoides and C. arizonica were analyzed in a separate Northern blot. Five ⁇ g of total RNA from J. sabinoides and 5 ⁇ g of total RNA from C. arizonica were probed as described. The 1.2 kb band was observed in this blot for both J. sabinoides ( Figure 19b, lane 1) and C. arizonica
  • TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION (A) TELEPHONE: (617) 466-6000 (B) TELEFAX: (617) 466-6040 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l:
  • ORGANISM Crytpomeria japonica
  • AAAAA ATG GAT TCC CCT TGC TTA GTA GCA TTA CTG GTT TTC TCT TTT 107
  • Val Phe lie Lys Arg Val Ser Asn Val lie lie His Gly Leu Tyr Leu 110 115 120
  • MOLECULE TYPE peptide
  • FRAGMENT TYPE N-terminal
  • Asp Asn Pro lie Asp Ser Xaa Trp Arg Gly Asp Ser Asn Trp Ala Gin

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Abstract

Peptides isolés de l'allergène protéique du pollen du cèdre du Japon Cry j I. Les peptides concernés par la présente invention comportent au moins un épitope des lymphocytes T, ou de préférence au moins deux épitopes de lymphocytes T de Cry j I. La présente invention concerne également des peptides modifiés ayant des propriétés thérapeutiques similaires ou améliorées par rapport à l'allergène correspondant présent à l'état naturel ou à une partie dudit allergène, mais ayant des effets secondaires réduits. La présente invention fournit en outre des séquences d'acides nucléiques codant pour les peptides de la présente invention. Des procédés de traitement ou de diagnostic de sensibilité au pollen de cèdre du Japon chez un sujet et des compositions thérapeutiques comprenant un ou plusieurs peptides de la présente invention sont également décrits. La présente invention concerne en outre des allergènes protéiques et des séquences d'acides nucléiques Jun v I et Jun s I codant pour des allergènes Jun s I et Jun v I. Jun s I et Jun v I sont des allergènes protéiques qui entrent immunologiquement en réaction croisée avec Cry j I.
EP93903013A 1992-09-01 1993-01-15 Proteines et peptides allergenes tires du pollen du cedre du japon Withdrawn EP0659214A1 (fr)

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JP4176750B2 (ja) * 1996-06-14 2008-11-05 明治乳業株式会社 Ｔ細胞エピトープペプチド
CN101307095A (zh) * 1996-06-14 2008-11-19 明治乳业株式会社 T细胞表位肽
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