EP0660964A1 - Materiau pour contacts electriques a base d'argent-oxyde stannique ou d'argent-oxyde de zinc et son procede de fabrication. - Google Patents

Materiau pour contacts electriques a base d'argent-oxyde stannique ou d'argent-oxyde de zinc et son procede de fabrication.

Info

Publication number
EP0660964A1
EP0660964A1 EP93920746A EP93920746A EP0660964A1 EP 0660964 A1 EP0660964 A1 EP 0660964A1 EP 93920746 A EP93920746 A EP 93920746A EP 93920746 A EP93920746 A EP 93920746A EP 0660964 A1 EP0660964 A1 EP 0660964A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tin oxide
silver
powder
oxide
additive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93920746A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0660964B1 (fr
EP0660964B2 (fr
Inventor
Volker Behrens
Thomas Honig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doduco Contacts and Refining GmbH
Original Assignee
Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter filed Critical Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Publication of EP0660964A1 publication Critical patent/EP0660964A1/fr
Publication of EP0660964B1 publication Critical patent/EP0660964B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0660964B2 publication Critical patent/EP0660964B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/059—Making alloys comprising less than 5% by weight of dispersed reinforcing phases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12097—Nonparticulate component encloses particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12104—Particles discontinuous
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12146—Nonmetal particles in a component

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a material for electrical contacts based on silver-tin oxide with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a material for electrical contacts based on silver-tin oxide with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a material is known from WO 89/09478.
  • contact materials based on silver-tin oxide have begun to replace the previously preferred silver-cadmium oxide materials. Since the tin oxide tends to conduct poorly under the influence of arcs due to its higher thermal resistance. de form slag layers on the contact surface, the heating behavior under constant current is unsatisfactory for contacts made of silver-tin oxide. In order to eliminate this disadvantage, it is known to add additives in powder form to the material produced by powder metallurgy, which lead to a lower temperature at the contact point.
  • Tungsten and molybdenum oxide and carbide have been mentioned in the patent literature as suitable additives in this sense (DE-A-29 33 338, DE-A-31 02 067, DE-A-32 32 627).
  • Bismuth and germanium oxide have also been mentioned as additives (DE-A-31 02 067 and DE-A-32 32 627).
  • These additives help to wet tin oxide particles, so that when the contact piece surface melts locally under the action of a switching arc, the tin oxide remains in fine suspension. In addition to this positive effect with regard to the heating behavior under continuous current, these additives also have undesirable side effects.
  • the plastic deformability of the silver-tin oxide contact materials which is not entirely satisfactory anyway, for the improvement of which, for example, a pretreatment of the tin oxide powder is carried out by annealing (DE-A-29 52 128) is made worse by these additives because they have an embrittling effect.
  • a further disadvantage, in particular of the tungsten and molybdenum compounds, is that they are particularly subject to switching operation under ACI stress (DIN 57660 part 102) favor a material transfer that leads to accelerated combustion and thus to a reduction in the service life.
  • a contact material with a low tendency to weld and the lowest possible contact temperature under constant current should be obtained by specifically producing a structure in which areas in which little or no metal oxide is present, alternate with areas in which all or the vast majority of the metal oxide component is contained in a fine distribution.
  • a composite powder is produced which contains the predominant part of the tin oxide and the further oxides and / or carbides as well as part of the silver. This composite powder is mixed with the remaining silver powder and, if necessary, with the smaller remainder of the metal oxides, compacted, sintered and shaped. In this way, a material that can be used well is obtained, but by a relatively complex process.
  • the oxides of tungsten, molybdenum, bismuth, vanadium and copper are mentioned as metal oxides.
  • the doped tin oxide powder is a composite powder which can be obtained by mixing the tin oxide powder with the powdery doping substance, annealing the mixture so that the doping substance and the tin oxide powder particles diffuse, and separating the excess of the doping substance from the tin oxide powder.
  • Another method for obtaining doped tin oxide powder is disclosed in P 42 19 333.8, a solution of a salt of tin and a salt of
  • the object of the present invention is to create a material of the type mentioned at the outset which, by means of additives, exhibits a heating behavior which is just as favorable as that of the known contact materials, but is more ductile and has a longer service life in the case of an ACI switch.
  • This object is achieved by a material with the features specified in claim 1.
  • a particularly suitable method for producing such a material is the subject of claim 9.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the invention additionally uses a powder which contains one or more chemical compounds of silver, oxygen and a metal from subgroups II to VI and / or antimony, bismuth, germanium , Gallium and indium, in particular silver-tungsten-oxygen compounds, silver-molybdenum-oxygen compounds, silver-antimony-oxygen compounds, silver-bismuth-oxygen compounds and silver-germanium-oxygen compounds .
  • this class of compounds also includes silver antimonate and silver molybdate, from which Christine Bourda's article (see above) is known to be in a silver-tin oxide-molybdenum oxide material or Silver-tin oxide-antimony oxide material can be formed and have no favorable influence on the wettability of the tin oxide Surprisingly, with the contact material according to the invention a significantly lower heating of the contact points under constant current than with known contacts with a comparable composition in terms of quantity.
  • the contact material is not produced as usual by mixing and sintering silver powder, tin oxide powder and additional metal oxide powder, but rather from the outset Powder is used, which instead of a pure metal oxide such as MoO ⁇ a compound of the type silver metal oxygen such as Ag ⁇ MoO. contains, in particular if this compound is wholly or partly connected to the tin oxide powder particles, ie a composite powder is formed, in the particles of which tin oxide and the silver-metal-oxygen compound are connected to one another; this composite powder is then mixed with silver powder and sintered into a contact material.
  • a pure metal oxide such as MoO ⁇
  • a composite powder is formed, in the particles of which tin oxide and the silver-metal-oxygen compound are connected to one another; this composite powder is then mixed with silver powder and sintered into a contact material.
  • a powder is mixed with the silver powder in the powder-metallurgical production of the contact material, said powder consisting mainly of tin oxide and one or more compounds of the silver-oxygen-metal type, has surprisingly achieved decisive advantages namely, it has been shown that the contact material according to the invention achieves a certain lowering of the contact point temperature under predetermined conditions with a substantially lower proportion of the selected additive than according to the previously known prior art.
  • First experiences with invention Contact materials according to the invention show that, according to the invention, a certain reduction in the contact point temperature can be achieved with only 1/2 to 1/10 of the additional amount required in the prior art. That applies. also for the example of molybdenum oxide, the proportion of which can be drastically reduced if it is used as silver molybdate, especially if it is bound to tin oxide particles.
  • the contact material is less brittle, i.e. is more ductile.
  • Another advantage is that, due to the lower proportion of the electrically non-conductive additive, the electrical resistance of the contact material is additionally reduced, which again makes a contribution to lowering the contact point temperature.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the lower proportion of the additive selected increases the service life of contact pieces made of the material, in particular under ACI test conditions.
  • the use of the powder according to the invention surprisingly results in less burnup than in conventional silver-tin oxide contact materials with pure metal oxide additives such as tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or bismuth oxide.
  • the tin oxide particles are preferably coated at least superficially with the silver-metal-oxygen compounds. They then particularly effectively promote the wetting of the tin oxide particles with the molten liquid phase which forms under the action of an arc.
  • One in this Modified tin oxide powder can advantageously be obtained by mixing tin oxide powder and the powdery additive with one another and annealing them together, so that the tin oxide powder particles are wetted by the additive, part of the additive also diffusing into the surface area of the tin oxide particles and therein may form a mixed oxide.
  • the material expediently contains 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 8 to 14% by weight, tin oxide, and thus the tin oxide can be kept in suspension as desired by the additives in the molten phase which occurs under the action of an arc, the tin oxide powder is preferably at least 0.1% by weight of the additive, but not more than 2.5% by weight , best combined with not more than 1% by weight of the additive.
  • Silver molybdate is particularly preferred as an additive because of its particularly favorable effect on the heating behavior.
  • the mixture of tin oxide and the selected additive is expediently annealed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, preferably in air at a temperature between 500 ° C. and 800 ° C., preferably at a temperature just above the melting point of the additive, see above that it becomes liquid and the tin oxide Particles wetted superficially.
  • the additive is then only located where its wetting-promoting effect is desired and can therefore be used sparingly. With the small amounts in which it is used, the tin oxide particles do not stick together yet; but should this happen in individual cases, you can counter this by grinding.
  • the tin oxide and the additive can be combined not only by joint annealing, but also by depositing the additive on the tin oxide particles using chemical or physical deposition processes.
  • a powder mixture is produced by dry mixing of a similar or identical particle size. This powder mixture is annealed in flat ceramic dishes under air for about 1 hour at 600 ° C. and thereby the tin oxide powder with the Ag 2 MoO. wetted. 12 parts by weight of the annealed mixture are mixed with 88 parts by weight of silver powder of about 20 ⁇ m particle size (FSSS value). The mixture is cold isostatically pressed to a block at a pressure of 200 MPa and then sintered in air at 700 ° C.
  • the sintered block is formed into a 5 mm thick band by forward extrusion.
  • the strip is then provided with a solderable silver backing by hot roll cladding and rolled to the desired final thickness by cold rolling. If required, contact strips can be formed from this band either by chopping, punching or separating.
  • a powder mixture is produced by dry mixing from 100 parts by weight of tin oxide powder with a particle size of 7 ⁇ m according to FSSS and 1 part by weight of silver tetra-tungstate Ag o W 4 0-0 6 of similar or the same particle size.
  • This powder mixture is mikschalen in flat Kera ⁇ annealed in air for about 1 hour at 700 ° C and thereby the tin oxide powder with the Ag g W 4 0, g be ⁇ networked.
  • 10 parts by weight of the annealed mixture are mixed with 90 parts by weight of silver powder with a particle size of approximately 20 ⁇ m (according to FSSS).
  • the mixture is cold isostatically pressed at a pressure of 200MPa into cylindrical blocks and in air at 700 ° C Sintered for 2 hours.
  • the sintered block is coated with silver, hot placed in a reverse extrusion press and extruded through a multiple die (DE-OS 34 26 240).
  • a multiple die DE-OS 34 26 240
  • flat strands are obtained which have a silver surface which is readily solderable and weldable on one side.
  • the desired final thickness is obtained by cold rolling. Contact strips can be formed from this band as required by chopping, punching or cutting.
  • Example 1 is modified in such a way that a mixture is prepared from 119.5 parts by weight of a tin oxide powder with a particle size smaller than 7 ⁇ m and 0.5 part by weight Ag-MoO with an average particle size of 40 ⁇ m ° C is annealed. The Ag_MoO is distributed. on the tin oxide particles. Otherwise the procedure is as in Example 1.
  • the three examples can be modified in such a way that zinc oxide is used instead of tin oxide.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

On obtient un matériau permettant de réaliser des contacts électriques à base d'argent-oxyde stannique en procédant de la manière suivante: mélange d'une poudre d'argent ou d'un alliage contenant essentiellement de l'argent, avec une poudre composée essentiellement d'oxyde stannique ainsi que de 0,01 à 10 % en poids (par rapport à la quantité d'oxyde stannique) d'un additif constitué d'un ou de plusieurs composés contenant de l'argent, de l'oxygène et un métal issu des sous-groupes II à VI de la classification périodique des éléments et/ou de l'antimoine, du bismuth, du germanium, de l'indium et du gallium, densification du mélange et frittage. L'oxyde stannique peut être remplacé par de l'oxyde de zinc.
EP93920746A 1992-09-16 1993-09-16 Materiau pour contacts electriques a base d'argent-oxyde stannique ou d'argent-oxyde de zinc et son procede de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0660964B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4231022 1992-09-16
DE4231022 1992-09-16
PCT/EP1993/002511 WO1994007252A1 (fr) 1992-09-16 1993-09-16 Materiau pour contacts electriques a base d'argent-oxyde stannique ou d'argent-oxyde de zinc et son procede de fabrication

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0660964A1 true EP0660964A1 (fr) 1995-07-05
EP0660964B1 EP0660964B1 (fr) 1996-06-26
EP0660964B2 EP0660964B2 (fr) 2003-01-08

Family

ID=6468120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93920746A Expired - Lifetime EP0660964B2 (fr) 1992-09-16 1993-09-16 Materiau pour contacts electriques a base d'argent-oxyde stannique ou d'argent-oxyde de zinc et son procede de fabrication

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5822674A (fr)
EP (1) EP0660964B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3441074B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE139864T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4331526C3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2091633T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994007252A1 (fr)

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US5846288A (en) * 1995-11-27 1998-12-08 Chemet Corporation Electrically conductive material and method for making
RU2346069C1 (ru) * 2007-06-15 2009-02-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" Способ получения серебряно-оловооксидного материала для электрических контактов
EP2644723B1 (fr) 2012-03-26 2017-01-18 Umicore AG & Co. KG Matière active composite
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0660964B1 (fr) 1996-06-26
DE59303090D1 (de) 1996-08-01
ATE139864T1 (de) 1996-07-15
DE4331526C3 (de) 2003-11-06
US5822674A (en) 1998-10-13
WO1994007252A1 (fr) 1994-03-31
DE4331526A1 (de) 1994-03-17
ES2091633T5 (es) 2003-09-01
DE4331526C2 (de) 1998-07-30
JPH08504292A (ja) 1996-05-07
JP3441074B2 (ja) 2003-08-25
EP0660964B2 (fr) 2003-01-08
ES2091633T3 (es) 1996-11-01

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