Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/66—Sealings
  • E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
  • E04B1/6812—Compressable seals of solid form

Definitions

• the invention relates to a component which is intended in particular for application or insertion into a building.
• Such components are, for example, prefabricated window and door elements, elements for the interior and facade cladding or sealing or insulating elements, such as those used in house construction.
• Sealing tapes are also known which can be used to seal cracks in buildings.
• Such sealing tapes consist for example of a foam layer with a bitumen layer, which have a certain adaptability to contours.
• the disadvantage here is that the adaptability is quite limited and is not based on an expansion of the foam, as in the case of polyurethane construction foams, but also on a compression of an existing foam structure. In this way, only joints and gaps can be filled that have a smaller cross-section than the corresponding sealing tape.
• a component which has a coating of a polyurethane foam which expands under the action of temperature on its sides or surfaces which adjoin the surrounding components. After being fixed in the wall opening provided for this purpose, such a component can be provided with an insulating foam layer acting against the surrounding component by simple heat treatment.
• the components according to the invention are particularly suitable for window and door elements in house construction. Furthermore, facade elements for insulation purposes can also be equipped on the inside, as well as interior cladding or floor coverings. In any case there is an insulating layer between the element itself and the adjacent component, which has a heat-insulating effect. In addition, the component is also stabilized by the forces acting between the component and the adjacent component.
• Components according to the invention can be used equally as sealing and insulating elements in house construction, as well as for other components that require subsequent insulation, ie. H. require insulation after their installation, for example pipes for water supply and disposal, etc.
• insulation ie. H. require insulation after their installation, for example pipes for water supply and disposal, etc.
• the components according to the invention expediently have a coating which, when expanded, expands to at least 5 times, preferably 10 times the volume in the compressed state.
• the expansion takes place through the action of heat.
• the coating can be subjected to heat directly or indirectly, ie through the component.
• Suitable heat transfer media are hot air and hot steam.
• blankets, wires, cords, -pipes and other lines are used, which are either specially installed for this purpose or can be provided from the outset. If the components according to the invention are to be used to transport a heating medium, such as, for example, heating pipes and hot water pipes, the heat transmitted by the transported medium can also be used to re-expand the coating.
• the back-expanding polyurethane foam used for the coating should have a Tg of at least about 35 ° C. in order to avoid undesired premature expansion due to environmental influences.
• the glass transition temperature Tg is the temperature to which it must be heated in order to initiate the re-expansion of the compressed polyurethane foam.
• the Tg is adjusted by using suitable starting materials in the foam production. The techniques required for this are known to the person skilled in the art.
• Back-expandable polyurethane foams suitable for producing the components according to the invention are known from US Pat. No. 5,032,622.
• the polyurethane foams described there, which are produced from one or more polyols, water, one or more amine catalysts, one or more polyisocyanates and conventional auxiliaries, are compressed to 4 to 25% of the original volume after foaming. When heated, the compacted material expands and returns to its original dimensions.
• the compressed foam preferably has a density of about 500 to 700 kg / m3.
• the density is advantageously 10 to 50 kg / m3, in particular about 20 kg / m3.
• the polyurethane foam used is the reaction product of a mixture of polyol with an equivalent weight of 125 to 350, polyisocyanate and at least 5 parts of water per 100 parts of all components with active hydrogen atoms, the isocyanate index being 60 to 110.
• Other customary additives can be present.
• Polyether polyols with a functionality of 2 to 8 can be used as polyols with the lower equivalent weight, polyether polyols or polyester polyols with 2 to 4 active hydrogen atoms per molecule as polyols with a higher equivalent weight.
• Particularly preferred polyisocyanates are MDI, polymeric MDI, TDI or mixtures thereof with a functionality of at least 2.0.
• the catalysts used to accelerate the foaming reaction are conventional amine catalysts.
• blowing agents including water which generates carbon dioxide under the reaction conditions.
• the preferred blowing agent is water, which can also be used alone.
• the compressed foam can be in the form of a molded part or else in the form of granules, which can be brought into a desired shape using standard techniques, for example in the form of strips, strips, foils, plates, rods etc.
• molded parts which are dimensionally particularly matched to use in the components according to the invention.
• such molded parts can be dimensionally matched to profiles in the peripheral area of prefabricated window and door elements, so that they optimally adapt to the external shape of such components and easy installation is ensured. After installation and heating to the expansion temperature, the component can be sealed in the desired position in the opening provided.
• the layer thickness depends on the back-expansion capacity of the compressed foam and the desired thickness of the ultimately desired expanded foam layer.
• the compressed material is capable of expanding up to 25 times the volume in the compressed state, depending on the original compression and the available space. Assuming that the compressed material cannot expand unhindered in all three directions after installation of the component, but that only one or two dimensions are available for it, a layer thickness of the material in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm should generally preferably 2 mm to 10 mm should be sufficient, taking into account that when enclosing prefabricated window and door elements in wall openings provided for this purpose, the coating must be sufficiently thick to prevent irregularities level in the masonry and seal the component in the opening.
• a polyurethane foam is made from the components listed below: component Parts by weight Polyol A 50 Polyol B 50 water 18th Silicone surfactant 0.75 Amine catalyst A 0.3 Amine catalyst B 0.5 Amine catalyst C 0.1 TDI blend 131.1 PMDI 32.8
• a nominally trifunctional poly (propylene oxide) with an equivalent weight of 271 is used as polyol A.
• a nominally difunctional ethylene oxide-capped poly (propylene oxide) with an equivalent weight of 2000 is used as polyol B.
• the amine catalysts are A: 33% triethylenediamine in propylene glycol; B: dimethylethylamine; C: 70% bis (dimethylaminoethyl ether) in dipropylene glycol.
• the TDI mixture is an 80/20 mixture of the 2,4- and the 2,6-isomers.
• PMDI is a polymeric MDI with an average functionality of about 2.3 and an equivalent weight of about 131.
• the foam is densified by heating to about 90 to 100 ° C until softening and compressing to about 1/10 of its original density.
• the foam is returned to room temperature even under compression pressure.
• the cooled foam with a temperature below the Tg retains the dimensions just applied by compression. After reheating to a temperature above the Tg, the foam re-expands and returns to its original dimensions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (7)

• 1994
  • 1994-01-20 EP EP94100772A patent/EP0664363A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (7)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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