EP0664876A1 - Adaptation de la signature infrarouge d'un leurre, et composition eclairante utilisee a cette fin. - Google Patents

Adaptation de la signature infrarouge d'un leurre, et composition eclairante utilisee a cette fin.

Info

Publication number
EP0664876A1
EP0664876A1 EP94920388A EP94920388A EP0664876A1 EP 0664876 A1 EP0664876 A1 EP 0664876A1 EP 94920388 A EP94920388 A EP 94920388A EP 94920388 A EP94920388 A EP 94920388A EP 0664876 A1 EP0664876 A1 EP 0664876A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
flare
component
target
spectral radiance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94920388A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0664876B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Bannasch
Martin Wegscheider
Martin Fegg
Horst Buesel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buck Chemisch Technische Werke GmbH and Co
Buck Werke GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Buck Chemisch Technische Werke GmbH and Co
Buck Werke GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buck Chemisch Technische Werke GmbH and Co, Buck Werke GmbH and Co filed Critical Buck Chemisch Technische Werke GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0664876A1 publication Critical patent/EP0664876A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0664876B1 publication Critical patent/EP0664876B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
    • F42B4/26—Flares; Torches
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J2/00—Reflecting targets, e.g. radar-reflector targets; Active targets transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves
    • F41J2/02—Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
    • Y10S149/116—Flare contains resin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flare mass for the creation of a false target according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Objects to be protected such as ships, drilling platforms, tanks and the like, have only low surface temperatures of approximately 0 ° C to 20 ° C for a chassis or a boat hull and a max. 80 oc to 100 oc for a chimney.
  • Planck's Radiation Act this means that the objects to be protected have the coincidence features, that they have low radiation levels in the short-wave infrared range (S IR range: 2 ... 2.5 ⁇ m) and high radiation levels in the medium-wave infrared range ( MWIR range: 3 ... 5 ⁇ m) and long-wave infrared range (IR range: 8 14 ⁇ m).
  • Target search missiles such as the so-called “two-color infrared target search missiles" can differentiate between radiation strengths in the SWIR range and those in the MWIR range.
  • the target search bodies detect beam strengths in the MWIR range, while at the same time they can determine beam strengths in the SWIR range to discriminate against apparent targets.
  • German patent application P 42 38 038.3 a method for providing an apparent target body is already known which serves to simulate the target signature of an object to be protected for an imaging target search missile, with flare masses being spatially or temporally offset at the location of the dummy target to be assembled for disassembly
  • the flare mass which is composed of a mixture of phosphor granules and small phosphor flares according to P 42 38 038.3, has a spectral radiance with a desired high proportion in the MWIR range, but the overall radiance in the SWIR range clearly exceeds that of objects to be protected.
  • target search missiles which are manufactured according to P 42 38 038.3, classify them as deception due to the radiance in the SWIR area and therefore do not target them.
  • an infrared radiator is disclosed which is generated by a fire set consisting of potassium nitrate and metallic boron or black powder or solid propellants, the burning temperature in any case higher than an object temperature of approximately 20 oc is.
  • the maximum of the specular radiation density of the apparent target manufactured according to DE 26 14 196 AI is at lower wavelengths than the maximum of the spectral radiation density.
  • protective object which enables target search missiles to distinguish the apparent target from the object to be bombarded.
  • the publication DE 35 15 166 AI describes a throwing body for the representation of an infrared radiator, the flare mass of which is composed of phosphorus plus the passivation of phosphorus-serving aluminum hydroxide in order to slow down the burning time
  • the apparent target generated according to DE 35 15 166 AI has a non-negligible radiation density component in the SWIR range, whereby target seekers can recognize what is the apparent target and what object to be tracked.
  • the aluminum hydroxide addition ensures only a slight change in the specific weight of the flare mass, which essentially does not lead to an increase in the effective time of the flare mass or the service life of the apparent target.
  • a flare mass of the generic type is known from DE 23 59 758, in which the inert component consists of metal carrier foils which are coated with the fire mass component. It is an infrared interference radiator in which the weight or quantity ratio between the fire mass component and the inert component is optimized from the point of view of an increase in the radiation duration by slowing down the burnup, without the spectral distribution of the radiation being adapted to that of the simulating target signature would be addressed.
  • the invention is based on the object of further developing the generic flare mass in such a way that it is possible to produce false targets which, in accordance with the target signature of the objects to be protected, have high radiation strengths in the MWIR range and low radiation strengths in the SWIR range.
  • the flare mass according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that the MWIR radiation strength of the dummy target produced is greater than that of the object to be protected, so that the dummy target represents an over-optimal key stimulus for an infrared target search body and thus of this instead of the object to be protected is targeted. It is advantageous if the burn rate is also slowed down in the flare mass according to the invention.
  • inert component and fire mass component which have approximately 5% by weight to 99% by weight of pyrotechnic fire mass, the remainder inert component, are particularly suitable as flare mass.
  • thermal properties of the inert component for example the specific heat and / or thermal expansion of the inert component, in addition to the density thereof, can be taken into account, the latter due to its influence on the specific weight of the.
  • Flare mass also affects the service life of the apparent target generated.
  • the spectral radiance of the apparent target can be selectively modified via selective radiation properties of the inert component, namely emissivity, degree of absorption, transmittance and reflectance of the inert component. If the inert component consists of a particle filling and particles having a particle shell, the spectral radiance of the apparent target over the material and / or
  • the spectral radiance of the apparent target can also be set via the material of the particle shell, and also via its surface quality and its thickness.
  • the fire-mass component preferably consists of red phosphorus, which can have an ignition temperature of approximately 400 ° C. It is particularly advantageous if the red phosphorus is treated in such a way that it requires an ignition temperature of less than 400 ° C., which can be brought about by adding another substance to the red phosphorus to reduce the ignition temperature, for example, at least one catalyst is added and / or the red phosphorus particle is coated in particles, for example with paraffin wax.
  • the inert component should be made of a material that is substantially inert from about 0 ° C to about 600 ° C. Silicates, such as diatomaceous earth, have proven themselves as the material for the inert component.
  • the inert component is formed by microballoons spielmik from materials as designations under the bottles ⁇ Q-Cell ® or Extendospheres ® are known.
  • the inert component can be used as a binder or as a carrier.
  • the spectral radiance of the apparent target can be set by the choice of material and the thickness and / or the specific thermal properties of the carrier material. It is also within the scope of the invention to adjust the spectral radiance of the apparent target through the radiation-physical properties of the carrier material, namely spectral emission, absorption and / or transmittance.
  • the inert component has particles which have a particle filling and a particle shell
  • a gas or a foam with special absorption bands can be selected as the particle filling.
  • a glass with an optically filtering property has proven itself for the particle shell.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible, in principle, to supply a flare mass for forming an apparent target for every conceivable object to be protected, the apparent target by choosing the parameters of the pyrotechnic fire mass and the inert additive to provide a radiance curve as a function of the wavelength, which is deceptively similar to that of the object to be protected and is more attractive for a target seeker, since the radiation maximum has been shifted into the longer-wave infrared range in comparison to the known flare masses, the beam strengths in the SWIR range being caused by selective radiation suppressed as well as the radiance in the
  • SPARE BLADE MWIR range can be increased.
  • Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of the spectral radiance of a black body radiator according to Planck with a surface temperature
  • FIG. 2 shows a graphical representation of the spectral beam strength of a conventionally constructed dummy target in comparison to that of an object typically to be protected
  • 3a shows a representation of the arrangement of the components of a flare mass according to the invention with regard to the combustion path thereof;
  • 3b shows the temperature profile of the flare mass which is shown in FIG. 3a and which burns off against it.
  • FIG. 3c shows the graphical representation of the spectral radiance of the flare mass shown in FIG. 3a, which is produced by superimposing the radiance curves of its constituents which are also shown and is shown in broken lines; -
  • FIG. 4 shows a graphical representation of the spectral radiance of a black radiator, a gray radiator or a selective radiator
  • 5a shows a representation of part of an ignited flare mass according to the invention with possible beam paths on the surface thereof;
  • 5b is a graphical representation which shows the formation of the selective radiation characteristics of a flare mass on the basis of a
  • 6a shows the graphical representation of the spectral radiance of an MWIR flare mass according to an embodiment of the invention in comparison to that of a standard flare mass
  • 6b shows the graphical representation of the spectral radiance of a flare mass of a further exemplary embodiment of the invention in comparison to the standard flare mass.
  • FIG. 1 shows the spectral beam density calculated in accordance with the Planck's law on radiation for an object of the type mentioned above, which is typically to be protected and has surface temperatures of approximately 20 ° C. or 100 ° C.
  • the already mentioned coincidence characteristics of objects to be protected namely low infrared radiation power per area in the range of 2-2.5 ⁇ m and high radiation power per area in the range of 3-5 m, can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • homing missiles in particular two-color infrared homing heads, can easily distinguish between false targets and the objects to be protected by using radiation measurement in the MWIR range to track down and track an object and the detection of radiation -in the
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF Use the SWIR area in order to be able to distinguish apparent targets from the objects to be actually targeted.
  • the beam density maximum must therefore be shifted to longer wavelengths. According to Vienna's law on displacement, this can be achieved by lowering the temperature of the apparent target, but at the same time reducing the amount of radiance in the MWIR range.
  • a temperature of the apparent target of approximately 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. represents a good compromise in this regard.
  • a flare mass is used for the spectral mock target adjustment, which is composed of a pyro-technical fire mass A and an inert additive B (combined with a binder on a carrier material), such as. B. shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the pyrotechnic fire mass is preferably red phosphorus with an ignition temperature of approximately 400 oc or red phosphorus to which small amounts of an additional substance, such as a catalyst, are added and / or in particles, with paraf, for example ⁇ finwax, is coated, ⁇ o that it requires a significantly lower ignition temperature.
  • all substances which are inert in the temperature range from approximately 0 ° C. to approximately 600 ° C. are suitable as an inert additive.
  • Inert materials such as diatomaceous earth and / or microballoons, preferably find the Q-
  • the inert additive B used for heat conduction or heat dissipation, the binder and the carrier material are chosen such that they ensure a lowering of the temperature of the apparent target, whereby the spectral radiance of the apparent target leads to higher wavelengths in the infrared range is shifted, and on the one hand there are high beam strengths in the MWIR range and on the other hand there are low beam strengths in the SWIR range.
  • This drop in temperature by means of which the apparent target for a radiation-sensitive target seeker is made more attractive than the object to be protected, is described below with reference to FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c:
  • a flare mass consisting of units arranged one behind the other with respect to their combustion path, each comprising a pyrotechnic combustion mass particle A and two particles B made of inert additive, such that the spatial arrangement "ABBABB" shown in FIG. 3a is formed is ignited at time t x .
  • the ignition of the flare mass leads to the fact that the first particle A of the pyrotechnic fire mass is brought to its combustion temperature in the first combustion step, which is, for example, 500 oc.
  • the second particle arranged along the combustion path a heat-dissipating additive particle B, ensures that the temperature
  • the third particle which is also a heat-dissipating additional particle B, also serves to lower the temperature, so that after the third combustion step characterized by the time t 3 , the ignition temperature of the pyrotechnic fire mass, which is, for example, 300 ° C., is finally reached.
  • the fourth particle which is a particle A made of pyrotechnic fire mass, is then ignited, as a result of which the temperature is brought back to the combustion temperature of the pyrotechnic fire mass.
  • the first, burning particle A of the pyrotechnic fire mass at time t x radiates the highest spectral radiance with a maximum at the lowest wavelength and the fourth, heated particle A of the pyrotechnic fire mass at time t 4, the lowest spectral radiance with a maximum at the highest wavelength, as can be seen in FIG. 3c.
  • the spectral radiance of the flare mass which is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3c and which is composed of the temporal mean of the spectral radiance, which arises from three combustion steps during a cycle, provides a significantly higher total radiance in the MWIR range than in the SWIR range. Area.
  • SPARE BLADE This shift towards higher wavelengths can be adjusted by the quantitative ratio of pyrotechnic fire mass A and inert additive B and / or by selected thermal properties of the inert additive, such as, for example, specific heat and thermal expansion.
  • the magnitude of the shift in the maximum of the spectral radiance of the false target is primarily limited by the ignition temperature of the pyrotechnic fire mass A used.
  • the addition of the inert additive B to the pyrotechnic fire mass A combined by a binder on a carrier material leads not only to the desired shift of the maximum of the spectral radiance in the MWIR range, but also to a slowdown in the rate of combustion. If the addition B is also selected so that the weight and thus the sinking speed of the flare mass is reduced by its specific weight without changing the buoyancy, the effective time of the flare mass or the standing length is also advantageously extended time of the false target built up by the flare mass.
  • the beam densities of the apparent target in the complete SWIR range still exceed the beam densities of an object to be protected.
  • the ratio of the radiant intensity in the SWIR range to the radiant strength in the MWIR range which according to Planck's law of radiation is exclusively a function of temperature, can be used for further spectral apparent target adaptation
  • -oAiZe --_- according to the invention can be adjusted even better by using selective radiation properties of the inert additive.
  • infrared radiators there are the three types of infrared radiators shown in FIG. 4, which can be classified as a function of the wavelength ⁇ via their respective emissivity.
  • Selective radiators are thus characterized by their radiation properties which are dependent on the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the selective radiation properties of the inert additive B are determined by its selective emissivity, selective absorption, selective transmittance and / or selective reflectance, which is described below with reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b:
  • FIG. 5a shows a small selection of possible beam paths determined by the selective radiation properties on the surface 12 of a flare sheet 10 with arrows, the flare sheet 10 comprising both particles A made of pyrotechnic fire size and particles B made of an inert additive.
  • the most important beam paths in the region of a particle B from the inert additive, which has a particle filling 16 surrounded by a particle shell 14, are illustrated in FIG.
  • the middle beam path S x represents the selective emission of the temperature radiation of the additional particle B itself
  • the right beam path S 2 the 'selective reflection of external radiation, which can originate both from the infrared radiation of the pyrotechnic substance B and from the infrared radiation of neighboring additional particles
  • the left beam path S 3 represents the selective absorption and / or transmission of said external radiation at the particle shell 14 and the particle fill 16.
  • the radiation characteristic of the flare mass can be determined via the material of the particle shell 14, which, for. B. includes a special type of filter glass; the surface quality of the particle shell 14; the thickness of the particle shell 14; the material of the particle fill 16, the z. B. comprises a gas or a foam with special absorption bands; the volume of the particle filling 16; the density of the particle fill 16; the pressure prevailing in the particle filling 16; and / or adjust the mixing ratio of pyrotechnic fire size A and additive B.
  • the material of the particle shell 14 which, for. B. includes a special type of filter glass; the surface quality of the particle shell 14; the thickness of the particle shell 14; the material of the particle fill 16, the z. B. comprises a gas or a foam with special absorption bands; the volume of the particle filling 16; the density of the particle fill 16; the pressure prevailing in the particle filling 16; and / or adjust the mixing ratio of pyrotechnic fire size A and additive B.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show two MWIR flare masses according to the invention in each case in comparison with a standard flare a ⁇ e. 6a from 90% by weight of Q- Cell® and 10% by weight of red phosphorus and the MWIR flare mass from FIG. 6b from 90% by weight of diatomaceous earth and 10% by weight red phosphorus formed.
  • a standard flare a ⁇ e. 6a from 90% by weight of Q- Cell® and 10% by weight of red phosphorus
  • the MWIR flare mass from FIG. 6b from 90% by weight of diatomaceous earth and 10% by weight red phosphorus formed.
  • FIG. 6a clearly shows a comparison of the MWIR flare mass with the standard flare mass, the shift of the spectral radiation maximum to approximately 5 ⁇ m and thus to the longest wavelengths in the MWIR range and the drop in radiance up to approximately 2.6 ⁇ m and thus in complete SWIR area recognizable due to the selective radiation properties of Q-Cell ® .
  • the spectral characteristic shown in Fig. 6b is very similar to that shown in Fig. 6a. It has its radiation maximum in the MWIR range, namely approximately at 4.5 ⁇ m, and suppresses the radiation power up to approximately 2.6 ⁇ m, so that in the SWIR range there is essentially a negligible spectral radiance .
  • the MWIR flare masses according to the invention then lead to false targets which, for a radiation-sensitive target search missile, faithfully reproduce the object to be protected in terms of its spectral characteristics and surface area, and also more attractively. This leads to the desired deflection of the target search missile by one
  • a MWIR flarema ⁇ e ensures the protection of an object itself from projectiles that are equipped with two-color infrared target heads.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Composition éclairante pour la génération d'un leurre, comportant un constituant incendiaire et un constituant inerte, caractérisée par le fait que le rapport des poids du constituant incendiaire et du constituant inerte est réglé de telle sorte que la luminance énergétique spectrale maximale de la composition éclairante est décalée vers des longueurs d'onde plus grandes pour s'adapter à la répartition spectrale relative d'énergie de la signature d'objectif à simuler, par comparaison avec la répartition spectrale relative d'énergie du constituant incendiaire seul.
EP94920388A 1993-08-19 1994-07-04 Methode pour la creation d'une cible artificielle Expired - Lifetime EP0664876B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4327976 1993-08-19
DE4327976A DE4327976C1 (de) 1993-08-19 1993-08-19 Flaremasse zur Scheinzielerzeugung
PCT/DE1994/000783 WO1995005572A1 (fr) 1993-08-19 1994-07-04 Adaptation de la signature infrarouge d'un leurre, et composition eclairante utilisee a cette fin

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0664876A1 true EP0664876A1 (fr) 1995-08-02
EP0664876B1 EP0664876B1 (fr) 1997-10-15

Family

ID=6495600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94920388A Expired - Lifetime EP0664876B1 (fr) 1993-08-19 1994-07-04 Methode pour la creation d'une cible artificielle

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5635666A (fr)
EP (1) EP0664876B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU671034B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2146015A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4327976C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0664876T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2108469T3 (fr)
TW (1) TW324058B (fr)
WO (1) WO1995005572A1 (fr)

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DE102009030870A1 (de) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Wirkkörper
DE102009030869A1 (de) 2009-06-26 2011-02-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Wirkkörper
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0664876B1 (fr) 1997-10-15
DE59404339D1 (de) 1997-11-20
AU7120494A (en) 1995-03-14
DK0664876T3 (da) 1998-06-02
US5635666A (en) 1997-06-03
AU671034B2 (en) 1996-08-08
ES2108469T3 (es) 1997-12-16
WO1995005572A1 (fr) 1995-02-23
TW324058B (en) 1998-01-01
CA2146015A1 (fr) 1995-02-23
DE4327976C1 (de) 1995-01-05

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