EP1173394B9 - Masse active pyrotechnique destinee a produire un aerosol fortement emetteur dans la plage spectrale des infrarouges et impenetrable dans la plage spectrale visible - Google Patents

Masse active pyrotechnique destinee a produire un aerosol fortement emetteur dans la plage spectrale des infrarouges et impenetrable dans la plage spectrale visible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1173394B9
EP1173394B9 EP00901589A EP00901589A EP1173394B9 EP 1173394 B9 EP1173394 B9 EP 1173394B9 EP 00901589 A EP00901589 A EP 00901589A EP 00901589 A EP00901589 A EP 00901589A EP 1173394 B9 EP1173394 B9 EP 1173394B9
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impenetrable
active mass
red phosphorus
aerosol
alkali metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00901589A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1173394B1 (fr
EP1173394A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst-Christian Koch
Axel Dochnahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pepete GmbH
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Pepete GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1173394B1 publication Critical patent/EP1173394B1/fr
Publication of EP1173394B9 publication Critical patent/EP1173394B9/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a human and ecotoxicological compatible pyrotechnic active material consisting of red phosphorus, one metallic fuel from the group of transition metals, preferably Titanium, zirconium or iron, a moderator from the group of metalloids boron and silicon, an oxidizing agent from the group of the alkali metal nitrates is preferred Cesium nitrate and potassium nitrate, which are used to produce an im Infrared (3-5, 8-14 ⁇ m) highly emissive and visually impenetrable Aerosols are suitable.
  • Aerosols based on organic azo dyes are used (white, orange, red, violet, green, blue) which are only in the visible range of the spectrum absorb, preferably used for camouflage, deception and blinding Aerosols, which also include the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum especially in the area of the atmospheric transmission window at 0.3 - 1.5; 1.6-1.8; 2.0-2.5; 3.0-5.0 and 8.0-14 ⁇ m through different mechanisms interrupt. These mechanisms include scattering, absorption and Radiation emission.
  • I the radiation intensity weakened by the interactions
  • I 0 the initial intensity
  • c corresponds to the concentration of the aerosol per unit volume
  • l is the path length of the isotropic density assumed by the aerosol cloud
  • the scattering process mainly depends on the particle morphology and size of the particles, the absorption is only determined by the chemical composition of the particles. Only the refractive index m of an aerosol, which is determined both by the physical and chemical properties, influences both the scattering and the absorption behavior.
  • the particle diameter assuming the spherical morphology of the particles, and the wavelength of the radiation to be scattered must be identical. This means that for optimal scattering of radiation in the micrometer range there must be particles with particle diameters of 0.3 - 14 ⁇ m.
  • the aerosols described under a) and b) have a chemical composition to absorb infrared radiation. Both soot and Brass dust is electrically conductive and therefore for coupling infrared radiation suitable.
  • the disadvantages of the methods for generating infrared radiation described above shielding aerosol clouds consist in a) in the contamination of the produced soot particles with partly carcinogenic polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and in the case of energetic halogenated ones Components in such pyrotechnic sentences in the contamination of the Carbon black particles with polyhalogenated oxyarenes such as e.g. Polyhalogendibenzofuranen and polyhalodibenzodioxins or also polyhalogenated Biphenyls.
  • PAH polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
  • EP106334 active compositions which contain red phosphorus, CsNO 3 , B, Ti or a Zr / Ni alloy and a binder.
  • a disadvantage of this process is that the polyaromatics formed are also contain carcinogenic substances, and the emissive effect due to use of magnesium subsides very quickly.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to create a new camouflage fog develop, in addition to the impenetrability in the visible area also a long-lasting coverage in the IR range.
  • the main components of the mist sets according to the invention include red phosphorus, an alkali metal nitrate such as lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, rubidium nitrate and cesium nitrate, or a mixture thereof, and, as secondary components, a metallic fuel from the group of transition metals such as titanium, zirconium or iron or one metal-rich alloy or compound of these elements such as TiH, Zr / Ni, Zr / Fe or ZrSi 2 , at least one metalloid such as boron or silicon or an electron-donating compound of these elements, and a polymeric organic binder.
  • red phosphorus serves as a carrier for the transmission-damping effect in the visible range, but new is the knowledge that under certain circumstances the red phosphorus also acts as a carrier for the emissive effect in the infrared range.
  • the red phosphorus is largely evaporated during the conversion of the energetic components nitrate / metal / metalloid (Eq. 3) and burns to phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of atmospheric oxygen according to equation (4).
  • Phosphorus pentoxide reacts with the air humidity according to equation 5 to phosphoric acid.
  • alkali metal nitrates as an oxidizing agent according to the invention provides alkali metal oxides during combustion, which in the presence of atmospheric moisture acc. GI. 6 react to the hydroxides.
  • M Na, K, Rb, Cs
  • the aerosol droplets formed have a size of 0.01-2 ⁇ m and thereby high absorption and scattering coefficients in the visible and short-wave Infrared range from 0.3 - 1.9 ⁇ m and low attenuation values in the middle and long-wave infrared from 2 - 14 ⁇ m.
  • the Reactions 4 - 6 but especially heat generated in steps 7 and 8 for strong emission of the aerosol droplets in the middle and long-wave infrared, and thus compensates for the low scatter and Absorption coefficient.
  • the heat development according to the invention occurs in part through chemical processes that are only delayed by the onset of education of the aerosol droplets become possible, so that this emissive effect 50 - 200 sec., I.e. for the time necessary for camouflage.
  • transition metals Through the use of transition metals according to the invention, their oxides have high levels of heat, such as zirconium and titanium, as well Metalloids such as boron and / or silicon have very high combustion temperatures reached, therefore the aerosol particles get a high thermal Energy, which increases the emission in the long-wave IR.
  • transition metals and their alloys or metal-rich compounds continue to suppress the formation of Phosphansentnern.
  • the incineration due to oxygen underbalancing formed metal phosphides e.g. zirconium phosphide or titanium phosphide have non-ionic character, which is why with humidity or acid Rain does not result in hydrolysis or acidolysis with the release of phosphines.
  • fog sentences laboratoryized according to the invention are human and ecotoxicological compatible and considerably safer than conventional fog sets based on red phosphorus and light metal such as magnesium or aluminum. This is also typical for mist sets based on red phosphorus self-igniting of the combustion residues no longer occurs.
  • Radiometric measurement of the resulting aerosol at a distance of 4 m from the source reveals the following radiation levels in the infrared range: Band V (8 - 14 ⁇ m) Band II (3 - 5 ⁇ m) > 100 W / sr> 25 s > 20 W / sr> 25 s > 60 W / sr> 75 s > 10 W / sr> 75 s.
  • FIG. 1 shows the radiant intensity of the aerosol clouds which are produced by burning off a compact of the mass 120 g, which has been processed according to the invention, at a distance of 5 m from the source.
  • the aerosol clouds generated according to the invention very good irradiation (> 95%) of emissive targets, the color temperature 300 ° C., is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Matière active pyrotechnique impénétrable dans le domaine visible et à forte émission dans le domaine infrarouge pour des objets de camouflage et de trompe-l'oeil, qui contient, à titre de constituants principaux, du phosphore rouge, un nitrate de métal alcalin ou un mélange de nitrate de métaux alcalins, et à titre de constituants secondaires au moins un métal de transition, respectivement un composé riche en métal ou un alliage de ce dernier, au moins un métalloïde, ainsi qu'un liant, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient du phosphore rouge à concurrence de 55 % à 62 %, des nitrates de métaux alcalins à concurrence de 18 % à 23 %, des constituants secondaires à concurrence de 10 à 18 % constitués par des métaux de transition et par des métalloïdes et des liants à concurrence de 5 à 7 %.
  2. Matière active pyrotechnique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient du phosphore rouge à concurrence de 58,5 %, du nitrate de potassium à concurrence de 21,1 %, du bore, du silicium et du zirconium respectivement à concurrence de 4,7 % et un liant à base de polychloroprène à concurrence de 6,3 %.
EP00901589A 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Masse active pyrotechnique destinee a produire un aerosol fortement emetteur dans la plage spectrale des infrarouges et impenetrable dans la plage spectrale visible Expired - Lifetime EP1173394B9 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914097 1999-03-27
DE19914097A DE19914097A1 (de) 1999-03-27 1999-03-27 Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines im Infraroten stark emissiven und im Visuellen undurchdringlichen Aerosols
PCT/EP2000/000498 WO2000058237A1 (fr) 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Masse active pyrotechnique destinee a produire un aerosol fortement emetteur dans la plage spectrale des infrarouges et impenetrable dans la plage spectrale visible

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1173394A1 EP1173394A1 (fr) 2002-01-23
EP1173394B1 EP1173394B1 (fr) 2004-03-17
EP1173394B9 true EP1173394B9 (fr) 2004-10-13

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ID=7902742

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00901589A Expired - Lifetime EP1173394B9 (fr) 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Masse active pyrotechnique destinee a produire un aerosol fortement emetteur dans la plage spectrale des infrarouges et impenetrable dans la plage spectrale visible

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6581520B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1173394B9 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002540058A (fr)
AT (1) ATE261921T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19914097A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1173394T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2218106T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL145133A0 (fr)
PT (1) PT1173394E (fr)
TR (1) TR200102777T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000058237A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2151422A2 (fr) 2008-08-06 2010-02-10 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Moyen d'action destiné à induire de manière sélective une détonation ou une déflagration
DE102008060573A1 (de) 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels

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DE10226507A1 (de) 2002-06-14 2003-12-24 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh Nebelwurfkörper
FR2849690B1 (fr) * 2003-01-08 2006-08-18 Lacroix Soc E Dispositif de protection notamment pour vehicules terrestres
US8414718B2 (en) * 2004-01-14 2013-04-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Energetic material composition
DE102004018862A1 (de) * 2004-04-19 2005-11-03 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Infrarot-Flächenstrahlers
DE102004024857B4 (de) * 2004-05-19 2008-07-10 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnischer Satz
DE102004047231B4 (de) * 2004-09-28 2008-08-21 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Wirkkörper
US20060219341A1 (en) 2005-03-30 2006-10-05 Johnston Harold E Heavy metal free, environmentally green percussion primer and ordnance and systems incorporating same
DE102005020159B4 (de) * 2005-04-29 2007-10-04 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Tarn- und Täuschmunition zum Schutz von Objekten gegen Lenkflugkörper
US7343861B1 (en) 2005-05-31 2008-03-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Device and method for producing an infrared emission at a given wavelength
US7857921B2 (en) * 2006-03-02 2010-12-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Nontoxic, noncorrosive phosphorus-based primer compositions
US8540828B2 (en) 2008-08-19 2013-09-24 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Nontoxic, noncorrosive phosphorus-based primer compositions and an ordnance element including the same
US8641842B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2014-02-04 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Propellant compositions including stabilized red phosphorus, a method of forming same, and an ordnance element including the same
RU2342178C2 (ru) * 2006-03-17 2008-12-27 Владимир Иванович Селиверстов Термохимический аэрозолеобразующий состав
US8202377B2 (en) * 2007-02-09 2012-06-19 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Non-toxic percussion primers and methods of preparing the same
US8192568B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2012-06-05 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Non-toxic percussion primers and methods of preparing the same
US8750517B2 (en) 2007-10-09 2014-06-10 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Friend or foe detection
US7946228B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2011-05-24 Wendy Gainsborough, legal representative Self contained non toxic obscurant grenade and self-contained aerosol dispersing grenade
DE102008033494A1 (de) 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Nebeltopf
WO2010093292A1 (fr) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-19 Saab Ab Paquet de matériel-leurre, distributeur et procédé de distribution de matériel-leurre
US8206522B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2012-06-26 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Non-toxic, heavy-metal free sensitized explosive percussion primers and methods of preparing the same
DE102013002119A1 (de) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-28 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Explosivstofffreies Geschoss zur Erzeugung einer thermischen Signatur
KR101478643B1 (ko) * 2014-08-14 2015-01-02 국방과학연구소 팽창 흑연과 적린을 이용한 연소형 다영역 차장 연막제

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2151422A2 (fr) 2008-08-06 2010-02-10 Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co.KG Moyen d'action destiné à induire de manière sélective une détonation ou une déflagration
DE102008036649A1 (de) 2008-08-06 2010-02-18 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Wirkmittel zur wahlweisen Herbeiführung einer Detonation oder einer Deflagration
DE102008060573A1 (de) 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnische Wirkmasse zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2218106T3 (es) 2004-11-16
US6581520B1 (en) 2003-06-24
ATE261921T1 (de) 2004-04-15
DK1173394T3 (da) 2004-07-19
DE19914097A1 (de) 2000-09-28
EP1173394B1 (fr) 2004-03-17
IL145133A0 (en) 2002-06-30
EP1173394A1 (fr) 2002-01-23
PT1173394E (pt) 2004-07-30
WO2000058237A1 (fr) 2000-10-05
TR200102777T2 (tr) 2002-01-21
JP2002540058A (ja) 2002-11-26
DE50005691D1 (de) 2004-04-29

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