EP0706841A1 - Procédé et dispositif de réglage des cylindres de nettoyage pour cylindres de laminoir - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de réglage des cylindres de nettoyage pour cylindres de laminoir Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0706841A1 EP0706841A1 EP95250231A EP95250231A EP0706841A1 EP 0706841 A1 EP0706841 A1 EP 0706841A1 EP 95250231 A EP95250231 A EP 95250231A EP 95250231 A EP95250231 A EP 95250231A EP 0706841 A1 EP0706841 A1 EP 0706841A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- cleaning
- distance
- cleaning roller
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B28/00—Maintaining rolls or rolling equipment in effective condition
- B21B28/02—Maintaining rolls in effective condition, e.g. reconditioning
- B21B28/04—Maintaining rolls in effective condition, e.g. reconditioning while in use, e.g. polishing or grinding while the rolls are in their stands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/30—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface
- B08B1/32—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface using rotary cleaning members
- B08B1/34—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface using rotary cleaning members rotating about an axis parallel to the surface
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for adjusting the cleaning rollers for cleaning rollers and / or rollers in belt, rolling or skin-pass systems, in which the bristle-driven, rotationally driven cylindrical cleaning roller reverses axially and parallel to the roller or roller axis via the Bale length of the roller or roller is movable and radially adjustable against the bale.
- cleaning roller brushes are used, these are cylindrical roller-shaped rollers provided with a large number of bristles made of a suitable material, which are reversibly moved back and forth on the rotating rollers in their axial direction of extension, the surface of the roller being contaminated by dirt and residues through the bristles of the self-rotating cleaning rollers getting cleaned.
- the degree of employment of the cleaning roller via the pressure or the changing current of the drive motor of the cleaning roller as a value for the intensity of contact of the cleaning roller with the surface of the roller to be cleaned or To capture role.
- these solutions led to unsatisfactory results; because the changes in contact pressure or motor current are at best guide values that report the fact of a touch without giving any meaningful information about the actual position of the touch.
- the value of the pressure is influenced by the installation position of the device for adjusting the cleaning roller, i. H. depending on whether the cleaning roller is installed from above or below and depends on the mechanical condition of the entire facility.
- the value of the motor current can be evaluated, but is additionally subject to the problem that the changes, based on the maximum value of the current consumption, can be very small and are therefore too imprecise.
- the current changes are mostly lost in the "disturbing fog" on the mains supply.
- the aim of the present invention is to find a method and a device for adjusting the cleaning rollers in generic systems with which a reproducible adjustment with a reproducible cleaning effect is possible, the breaking of the bristles and damage to the device due to incorrect positioning being reliably avoided and the bristle wear should be reduced.
- a method is proposed which is characterized in that, with a known, mathematically determined distance between the cleaning roller axis and the axis of rotation of the roller or roller, the distance of the cleaning roller from the surface of the roller or roller from the given geometry (radius) the roller or roller and the measured geometry (radius) of the cleaning roller is calculated, the geometry of the cleaning roller being measured by a distance detection arranged at a defined distance from the cleaning roller axis.
- the actual diameter of the cleaning roller or radius is determined before each cleaning operation via the distance detection and from this - with knowledge of the geometry and the position of the roller and the position of the cleaning roller axis to a fixed point on the roller - the exact distance of the cleaning roller from the surface of the roller or roller determines.
- the roller diameter is specified as known for the rolling operation and is presupposed. If the bristles of the cleaning roller wear or bend, the radius or diameter of the cleaning roller measured by the distance change changes, which is converted into a change in the position of the roller (radial adjustment). In this way, an exact placement of the cleaning roller on the surface of the roller or roller is possible.
- a device for carrying out the method is characterized in that the cleaning roller and at least one distance measuring device positioned at a fixed distance from the cleaning roller axis for detecting the distance of the cleaning roller surface from this distance measuring device are arranged on a common frame which is parallel to the roller axis and transverse to the surface of the roller or roller is displaceable by detectable paths, the respective position of the frame relative to the roller or roller being able to be determined from the displacement path of the frame relative to a fixed point on the roller or roller.
- the distance from the distance measuring device to the cleaning roller surface can be recorded in each unit of time and the radius and the diameter of the cleaning roller can be determined at one or more points from the recorded value.
- the position and distance of the cleaning roller from the surface of the roller can be determined via the geometric relationships or determine role.
- the cleaning roller can be optimally placed on the roller to be cleaned at the desired distance, which is usually a minus distance. This minimizes wear on the bristles, the position is reproducible under all conditions, and the bristles no longer break due to incorrect settings.
- the cleaning effect can be adapted to all operating conditions.
- the distance measuring device is a laser measuring device that works according to the triangulation principle.
- These on the market Available devices can take distance measurements particularly precisely, even to inhomogeneous surfaces, as represented by the surface of a cleaning roller formed by bristles.
- the use of known ultrasonic distance measuring devices is also conceivable.
- variable distance of the cleaning roller from the surface of the roller or roller corresponds mathematically to the position of the axes of rotation of the roller or roller and cleaning roller as well as the given roller or roller diameter and the measured diameter of the cleaning roller ideally corresponds to the cleaning roller from the surface of the roller or roller, ie if the cleaning roller is positioned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the roller, the distance between the axes of rotation of the roller or roller and cleaning roller minus the sum of the given roller or roller radius and the measured radius of the cleaning roller.
- 1 denotes the cleaning roller with which the surface of the roller 2 is cleaned.
- the cleaning roller 1 can be driven in rotation (not shown) 9 and at the same time can be moved in the direction of the arrow 10 in an oscillating manner with respect to the roller 2 in the longitudinal axis direction.
- the distance of the cleaning roller 1 from the surface of the roller 2 is indicated at 3 and can be changed.
- devices schematically indicated at 7 serve, for example positioning cylinders or spindles, the displacement path 11 of which can be detected via sensors 8.
- the cleaning roller 1 is fastened together with the distance measuring devices 4 on a common frame 14, so that cleaning roller 1 and distance measuring devices 4 can be moved via the drives 7 when adjusting the cleaning roller 1.
- the distance between the distance measuring devices 4 and the axis of rotation of the cleaning roller 1 remains unchanged; The measuring devices 4 thus detect the current distance from the surface of the cleaning roller 1 to the distance measuring devices 4 and determines the diameter and / or the radius 6 of the cleaning roller 1 at the respective point in an evaluation unit 5.
- the measurement signals for the diameter or radius are fed to a computing unit, not shown, in which the known Distance 15 of the axis of rotation of the cleaning roller 1 and the axis of rotation of the roller 2 using the geometric data of roller 2 and cleaning roller 1, namely roller radius and cleaning roller radius, their spatial position to one another, the exact distance of cleaning roller 1 from the roller surface is determined in this way position the cleaning roller 1 at the desired distance 3 from the surface of the roller 2 and in the event of wear on the bristles of the cleaning roller 1, this distance can be corrected by the adjusting units 7.
- the position of the distance measuring devices 4 on and to the frame 14 always remains unchanged, even if the cleaning roller 1 moves along the roll length 13 via the displacement path 10.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4437829A DE4437829A1 (de) | 1994-10-14 | 1994-10-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anstellen der Putzrollen zum Reinigen von Walzen |
| DE4437829 | 1994-10-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0706841A1 true EP0706841A1 (fr) | 1996-04-17 |
| EP0706841B1 EP0706841B1 (fr) | 1998-11-11 |
Family
ID=6531469
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95250231A Expired - Lifetime EP0706841B1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-09-22 | Procédé et dispositif de réglage des cylindres de nettoyage pour cylindres de laminoir |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0706841B1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE4437829A1 (fr) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0824402A4 (fr) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-08-12 | Seratek L L C | Systeme de nettoyage d'une surface pour en enlever des particules |
| EP0995504A3 (fr) * | 1998-10-20 | 2001-05-02 | Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer des cylindres et/ou des rouleaux dans des installations de coulée de bandes, des laminoirs et/ou des lignes de fabrication de bandes, en particulier des laminoirs de dressage ou des laminoirs d'écrouissage analogues |
| WO2002096581A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-05 | Abb Ab | Appareil et procede de nettoyage d'un galet de plieuse |
| EP1401010A1 (fr) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-24 | Niederberger Schleif- und Polierautomaten AG | Dispositif et méthode pour mesurer et compenser l'usure des brosses dans des machines de brossage |
| WO2005049236A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-02 | Thyssenkrupp Drauz Nothelfer Gmbh | Procede de nettoyage de rouleaux de pliage disposes sur un bras de robot et station de nettoyage destinee a la mise en oeuvre du procede |
| WO2007059919A3 (fr) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-11-29 | Robo Paper B V | Dispositif et procede pour nettoyer une bande de matiere rotative |
| KR100825643B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-31 | 2008-04-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | 롤다용도정비대 |
| CN104190717A (zh) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江龙盛薄板有限公司 | 用于冷轧平整机支承辊的除渣装置 |
| CN105149261A (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-16 | 马林 | 一种提绒毛刷清理器装置 |
| WO2017097249A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-15 | 可口可乐公司 | Procédé de polissage et appareil de polissage pour produit en verre |
| WO2018050920A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Sms Group Gmbh | Laminage dans un procédé continu |
| CN110052897A (zh) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽众源新材料股份有限公司 | 超声波焊接用铜带的加工工艺 |
| CN111069293A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-28 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | 随动清辊装置及其使用方法 |
| CN115042079A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-09-13 | 山东宇航航空科技有限公司 | 一种凹印版辊的数控高速铬抛光机 |
| DE102021105515A1 (de) | 2021-03-08 | 2022-09-22 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Verfahren zum Schleifen eines Stanzbelages sowie Bogenbearbeitungsmaschine mit einem Stanzaggregat |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10001205C1 (de) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-06-21 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Randbearbeitung eines Werkstückes |
| CN103191874A (zh) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-07-10 | 江苏天鹏电源有限公司 | 一种锂电池负极辊压气动刮刀装置 |
| CN112621546B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-04-05 | 江门金钻辉精密铸造有限公司 | 一种不锈钢产品的抛光装置及抛光方法 |
| CN119426388B (zh) * | 2025-01-13 | 2025-03-28 | 太原市恒山机电设备有限公司 | 一种适用于多种带宽的刷辊装置及其使用方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2600919A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-03 | 1988-01-08 | Sofresid | Procede et dispositif pour la retouche due a l'usure des cylindres d'un laminoir, sur la ligne de laminage |
| JPH03254305A (ja) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-11-13 | Hitachi Ltd | ロールプロファイルの測定方法および装置 |
| JPH04125407A (ja) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-04-24 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | ロールプロフィール測定装置 |
| FR2708218A1 (fr) * | 1993-07-28 | 1995-02-03 | Clecim Sa | Dispositif de nettoyage d'un cylindre. |
| EP0672470A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-20 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif pour le traitement de cylindres pendant le laminage |
-
1994
- 1994-10-14 DE DE4437829A patent/DE4437829A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-09-22 EP EP95250231A patent/EP0706841B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-22 DE DE59504210T patent/DE59504210D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2600919A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-03 | 1988-01-08 | Sofresid | Procede et dispositif pour la retouche due a l'usure des cylindres d'un laminoir, sur la ligne de laminage |
| JPH03254305A (ja) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-11-13 | Hitachi Ltd | ロールプロファイルの測定方法および装置 |
| JPH04125407A (ja) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-04-24 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | ロールプロフィール測定装置 |
| FR2708218A1 (fr) * | 1993-07-28 | 1995-02-03 | Clecim Sa | Dispositif de nettoyage d'un cylindre. |
| EP0672470A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-20 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif pour le traitement de cylindres pendant le laminage |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 386 (P - 1404) 18 August 1992 (1992-08-18) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 51 (M - 1209) 10 February 1992 (1992-02-10) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 8, no. 136 (M - 304)<1573> 23 June 1984 (1984-06-23) * |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0824402A4 (fr) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-08-12 | Seratek L L C | Systeme de nettoyage d'une surface pour en enlever des particules |
| EP0995504A3 (fr) * | 1998-10-20 | 2001-05-02 | Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif pour nettoyer des cylindres et/ou des rouleaux dans des installations de coulée de bandes, des laminoirs et/ou des lignes de fabrication de bandes, en particulier des laminoirs de dressage ou des laminoirs d'écrouissage analogues |
| WO2002096581A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-05 | Abb Ab | Appareil et procede de nettoyage d'un galet de plieuse |
| KR100825643B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-31 | 2008-04-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | 롤다용도정비대 |
| EP1401010A1 (fr) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-24 | Niederberger Schleif- und Polierautomaten AG | Dispositif et méthode pour mesurer et compenser l'usure des brosses dans des machines de brossage |
| WO2005049236A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-02 | Thyssenkrupp Drauz Nothelfer Gmbh | Procede de nettoyage de rouleaux de pliage disposes sur un bras de robot et station de nettoyage destinee a la mise en oeuvre du procede |
| WO2007059919A3 (fr) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-11-29 | Robo Paper B V | Dispositif et procede pour nettoyer une bande de matiere rotative |
| CN104190717A (zh) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江龙盛薄板有限公司 | 用于冷轧平整机支承辊的除渣装置 |
| CN105149261A (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-16 | 马林 | 一种提绒毛刷清理器装置 |
| WO2017097249A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-15 | 可口可乐公司 | Procédé de polissage et appareil de polissage pour produit en verre |
| US10875142B2 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2020-12-29 | The Coca-Cola Company | Polishing process and polishing apparatus for glass product |
| WO2018050920A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Sms Group Gmbh | Laminage dans un procédé continu |
| CN110052897A (zh) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽众源新材料股份有限公司 | 超声波焊接用铜带的加工工艺 |
| CN111069293A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-28 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | 随动清辊装置及其使用方法 |
| DE102021105515A1 (de) | 2021-03-08 | 2022-09-22 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Verfahren zum Schleifen eines Stanzbelages sowie Bogenbearbeitungsmaschine mit einem Stanzaggregat |
| CN115042079A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-09-13 | 山东宇航航空科技有限公司 | 一种凹印版辊的数控高速铬抛光机 |
| CN115042079B (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-11 | 山东宇航航空科技有限公司 | 一种凹印版辊的数控高速铬抛光机 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4437829A1 (de) | 1996-04-18 |
| DE59504210D1 (de) | 1998-12-17 |
| EP0706841B1 (fr) | 1998-11-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0706841B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de réglage des cylindres de nettoyage pour cylindres de laminoir | |
| EP0186741B1 (fr) | Dispositif pour le nettoyage des cylindres palpeurs | |
| DE112014003036B4 (de) | Bodenfräsmaschine | |
| EP2983863B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé de ponçage d'une bande métallique | |
| EP0526907B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de réglagle d'une largeur de balayage présélectionnée d'un balai rotatif cylindrique | |
| EP0377796A2 (fr) | Dispositif de mesure et de dégauchissage pour rectifieuse cylindrique | |
| DE2950881C2 (de) | Steuereinrichtung für den Bearbeitungsdruck an Läpp-, Hon- und Schleißmaschinen | |
| DE3827752C2 (fr) | ||
| CH654782A5 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kompensieren der abnuetzung eines zustellbaren schleifscheibenabrichtwerkzeuges. | |
| DE3631146A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur spanabhebenden arbeitsflaechenbearbeitung von walzen | |
| DE102019123836A1 (de) | Schrägwalzaggregat sowie Verfahren zum Anstellen des Walzkalibers eines Schrägwalzaggregats | |
| DE69912162T2 (de) | Schleifmaschine | |
| DE3409287C2 (fr) | ||
| DE19650155C1 (de) | Bearbeitungsvorrichtung | |
| DE3146046C2 (de) | Steueranordnung für eine Zahnradprüfmaschine | |
| DE19753563A1 (de) | Schneidvorrichtung | |
| DE19725726C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Planheitsmessung von Bändern, insbesondere Metallbändern | |
| DE2434861A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entzundern von blech | |
| DE69702814T2 (de) | Walzenschleifenanordnung für Walze oder Andruckwalze | |
| DE3838751C2 (fr) | ||
| DE3841178C2 (fr) | ||
| EP0308731B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de réglage d'une laineuse | |
| DE102021103160B4 (de) | Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung einer Oberfläche eines Prüflings | |
| DE3212525A1 (de) | Walzspaltregel- und -anstellvorrichtung fuer insbesondere vertikalgerueste | |
| AT392227B (de) | Walzstrasse zum walzen von rohr- oder stabfoermigem gut |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960319 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970411 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59504210 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19981217 |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19990215 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20140922 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140919 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140919 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20140929 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59504210 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20150921 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20150921 |