EP0708298A2 - Appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0708298A2
EP0708298A2 EP95115811A EP95115811A EP0708298A2 EP 0708298 A2 EP0708298 A2 EP 0708298A2 EP 95115811 A EP95115811 A EP 95115811A EP 95115811 A EP95115811 A EP 95115811A EP 0708298 A2 EP0708298 A2 EP 0708298A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating device
combustion chamber
feed
flue gases
nozzle arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95115811A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0708298B1 (fr
EP0708298A3 (fr
Inventor
Heribert Posch
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0708298A2 publication Critical patent/EP0708298A2/fr
Publication of EP0708298A3 publication Critical patent/EP0708298A3/fr
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Publication of EP0708298B1 publication Critical patent/EP0708298B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L11/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers after the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/02—Preventing emission of flames or hot gases, or admission of air, through working or charging apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/026—Closed stoves with several combustion zones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning solid fuels in particular, and a corresponding device.
  • Solid fuels are used in many small systems as lockable fireplace inserts etc. for heating living spaces, whereby open operation is often also desired so that the visual experience of the open fire can be enjoyed.
  • Solid fuels such as wood waste, straw, combustible waste are burned on a large scale in industrial plants, whereby the focus is exclusively on energy generation and burning with the lowest possible emission of pollutants.
  • the primary exhaust through which the majority of the flue gases are extracted from the combustion chamber and fed to the afterburning chamber, is either arranged relatively low on the rear wall, or directly in the floor of the combustion chamber, preferably below the fuel.
  • this primary fume cupboard is virtually invisible to the viewer, since it is always covered by the fuel and the flames themselves in the direction of view.
  • this main part of the flue gases is supplied with flue gas again via a first exhaust gas recirculation system, which is extracted from the combustion chamber - to a lesser extent than the primary flue - via a secondary flue, which is located at the highest possible point in the combustion chamber.
  • This flue gas extraction via the secondary exhaust means that a sufficiently large part of the flames are still directed upwards and the visual fire experience is maintained almost unaffected.
  • the secondary fume cupboard was not used, on the other hand - depending on the negative pressure exerted by the primary fume cupboard - practically the entire amount of flame would aim directly at the primary fume cupboard, i.e. drift flat to the rear or extend down through the fuel. If the main part of the flue gases removed from the combustion chamber passes through a nozzle arrangement on its way to the afterburning chamber, in the course of which a negative pressure is generated by narrowing the cross-section and accelerating these flue gases, admixing the flue gases from the first flue gas recirculation and the secondary air in the region of the nozzle arrangement can be done without Arrangement of additional energy sources such as a fan, etc. happen, which results in a very simple, less prone to failure and optimally low energy consumption for the heating device.
  • the after-combustion chamber can also be used to allow the flue gases to flow quickly from the primary exhaust to the after-combustion chamber, and on the other hand, solely through this flow rate, the secondary air supplied laterally into these flue gases and the flue gases the first exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the flue gases that are removed from the combustion chamber via the secondary exhaust and passed on via the first exhaust gas recirculation system can be supplied with flue gas again through this second exhaust gas recirculation system, which has already passed through the afterburning chamber and is striving for the exhaust gas.
  • the pressure difference between the afterburning chamber influences the degree of intake and admixing of secondary air and exhaust gases from the first exhaust gas recirculation, it should preferably be possible to control the underpressure in the afterburning chamber relative to the combustion chamber, in particular by changing the passage area from the afterburning chamber to extracting the heating device.
  • one of the boundary surfaces of the afterburning space can be cooled by the flow of air, water or another heat transfer medium at a lower temperature, whereby the heat transfer medium heated thereby can also be used for heating purposes.
  • the afterburner is immediately adjacent to the combustion chamber, since then the partition does not have to be insulated, and preferably the afterburner has the largest possible separation area in common with the combustion chamber.
  • the rear wall of the combustion chamber is formed by such a second separating body in the form of a thick, perpendicular plate.
  • a similar first separating body located in front of it within the combustion chamber forms, together with the second separating body performing the rear wall function, the first exhaust gas recirculation, via which the flue gases are extracted from a high point of the combustion chamber.
  • both separating bodies have at least one passage for the flue gases to the afterburning chamber behind the second separating body, which is aligned with one another in the first and second separating bodies and at least partially narrows in cross-section in cross section to their main level.
  • This passage can consist of individual, adjacent passage openings completely enclosed by the respective separating body, or it can also be a continuous slot etc. which, for example, on the top and bottom of different individual parts, which together have the same first or second separating body form, is limited, depending on the required capacity of the passage or distance for the flue gases of the primary fume cupboard.
  • the high-lying secondary exhaust for the flue gases is either formed by the fact that the first separating body ends at a distance from the boundary surfaces of the combustion chamber, i.e. approximately below the ceiling of the combustion chamber, and this distance forms the secondary exhaust, with the flue gases extracted there being directed downwards through the horizontal distance between the first and second separating bodies, and are mixed with the flue gases of the primary exhaust through a corresponding connection.
  • the flue gases of the primary fume hood are supplied with secondary air components from the opposite side.
  • this first separating body can also extend as far as the boundary surface of the combustion chamber and instead have individual passages for the secondary fume cupboard which are incorporated into the first separating body.
  • the passages in the two separating bodies are usefully designed with a cross section that narrows in the flow direction, that is to say nozzle-shaped.
  • the second separating body which acts as a rear wall, furthermore contains, as high as possible, a further passage for the second exhaust gas recirculation above these passages, in order to return exhaust gases from the upper end of the afterburning space, which have already passed through the afterburning, back into the primary exhaust gas recirculation.
  • this passage in the second separating body can also be designed in a nozzle-like tapering cross section, but this time in the direction from the afterburner chamber to the first exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the primary exhaust for the flue gases is not to be provided in the lower area of the rear wall of the combustion chamber, but in the floor, preferably directly below the fuel, it is advisable to design the first and second separating bodies in an L-shape in side view, preferably in this case in one piece.
  • the first separating body is hollow, and as a rule in turn consists of sheet steel, and in its lower region has an opening to the nozzle arrangement.
  • this hollow, essentially vertical separating body in the upper region is not connected to the surrounding surfaces of the combustion chamber in a closed manner, but instead has sufficiently large, high-lying openings to the combustion chamber, the first exhaust gas recirculation can take place through this high first separating body, while the secondary air from the the first exhaust gas recirculation is preferably supplied on the opposite side of the nozzle arrangement.
  • the lower outer surface of this first separating body can be designed to slope backwards from the combustion chamber, while an increasing surface in the same area is provided from the bottom of the combustion chamber.
  • a baffle plate serving as a turbolator is preferably arranged in an articulated manner such that its angular position relative to the direction of flow of the flue gases from the primary exhaust to the afterburner can be adjusted.
  • the first partition also forms the rear wall of the combustion chamber, so that a second partition can be dispensed with entirely.
  • the first separating body is hollow only in the lower area - as in the solution described above - in the upper area, on the other hand, as a solid molded body, for example.
  • the secondary air can be supplied through the lower cavity, for example through a lateral supply, while the first exhaust gas recirculation, as described at the beginning, in turn flows through the distance between the first separating body and the rear wall.
  • the secondary air can be supplied along the side walls of the rear area of the combustion chamber and introduced obliquely into the area of the nozzle arrangement, regardless of whether the cross-sectional constriction is provided in the nozzle arrangement in a horizontal or vertical direction of view, and regardless of the direction from which the supply is made the flue gases of the secondary fume cupboard take place.
  • the flue gases of the primary exhaust are fed into the after-combustion chamber via several nozzles standing vertically next to each other passed through, so that these nozzles have a reduction in their flow cross-section in the vertical direction.
  • each nozzle is formed by the distance between two feed bodies arranged vertically next to one another, which in the top view have an approximately triangular or frustoconical cross-section, with the tip to the combustion chamber and the base towards the afterburner.
  • feed bodies are hollow, and are supplied with secondary air and / or the flue gases of the primary exhaust gas recirculation system, and therefore have corresponding outlet openings in the region of their side faces towards the nozzles formed between them.
  • the supply body itself and the supply lines supplying it are produced from bent and welded steel sheets, while the frame holding the nozzle device, in which the supply body and its supply lines are inserted or on this, and which they penetrate completely or partially, consists of one or more parts as a molded body made of cast, refractory solid material such as refractory concrete, SIC ceramics, fireclay or the like.
  • the existing cavity can be undivided, and thus serve to supply either secondary air or flue gases from the secondary exhaust into the nozzle arrangement.
  • Supply body for the supply of secondary air and a supply body for the supply of flue gas from the secondary exhaust are arranged, which is achieved by connecting the respective supply body with the different inlets.
  • feed bodies themselves are either formed from an angularly bent front plate, which forms the tip of the feed body, and a base inserted into the open base, the outlet openings 26 being arranged in rows from the cavity enclosed thereby, preferably in the vicinity of this base, and be produced by punching etc. before bending the front plate.
  • corresponding extensions of the base can also project outward through these outlet openings, which results in a positive connection of the two parts.
  • the floor itself in the form of a flat U, the free-ending outer legs of which correspond in their angular position to the legs of the front plate, but have a smaller mutual distance.
  • a floor can be welded into the front panel so that their respective free ends end at the same height, and the welds are located on the bends of the floor. This leaves passage space between the welding points into the free distance between the freely ending legs of the front plate and the floor, which together form the outlet openings of the feed body.
  • the individual parts from which the feed bodies are made can be adjustable in their mutual distance from one another, the gap therebetween, which has been changed thereby, representing the outlet opening.
  • a feed body consisting of a V-shaped front part and a U-shaped base
  • a further, second base so that the three spaced and fastened parts separate two separate feed spaces, but this time one behind the other in the direction of flow through the nozzle arrangement , be created.
  • Their mutual distance and thus the size of the respective outlet openings is preferably set as a function of the residual oxygen content of the flue gases leaving the afterburner. This can be done via an automatic actuator such as a servo motor, or manually, by - for a single feed body or for the entire nozzle arrangement - this mutual distance e.g. can be adjusted using a screw thread.
  • this channel-like formation also prevents deposits such as dust, oxidation residues or the like from the outlet openings, since these are continuously removed again by the gases flowing along in a directed manner. This largely prevents clogging of the outlet openings.
  • a tubular profile can be connected to the front, V-shaped front panel, the cross section of which is approximately the width of the Corresponds to the front part at the rear end.
  • the pipe cross sections themselves and the hollow space formed by the front part and the closely spaced pipe then come into question as supply rooms for secondary air and the flue gases of the first exhaust gas recirculation systems.
  • outlet openings must of course also be provided in the pipe cross-section, preferably in the vicinity of the distance between the V-shaped front part and the pipe, but still within the half of the pipe profile facing the front part.
  • a front part which is not V-shaped, but preferably trapezoidal or semicircular, for example a halved tube profile.
  • a front part Arranged at a distance behind it can again be a U-shaped base, the free legs of which, in turn, do not run parallel to one another, but strive outward at an angle.
  • the advantage is that the firing material stored on these feed bodies in this case cannot easily fall into the very narrow cross section of the individual nozzles between the feed bodies and, on the other hand, the contact surface on the feed bodies is larger.
  • the size of the outlet openings can be adjusted relative to one another by adjusting the individual parts of the feed bodies.
  • the frame itself is preferably formed in one piece, but depending on the design, two or even more individual parts are also necessary, the separating surface between two individual parts either being a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow through the nozzle arrangement, or also a plane parallel thereto and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the feed body .
  • Such a molded frame is not only easier and cheaper to manufacture, but also has a thermal expansion that is approximately 100 times lower than that of fire-resistant steel sheet. This considerably facilitates the installation of this frame in the opening, for example in the rear wall of a corresponding heating device, but on the other hand the much larger one must Thermal expansion of the feed body can be compensated for in relation to the frame which is subject to virtually no thermal expansion. This is preferably achieved in that in the longitudinal direction of the feed body the free, generally closed, end of the feed body does not lie opposite a boundary surface of the frame that is too close in the cold state.
  • the feed bodies generally penetrate one - for example the upper - leg of the frame completely, but on the other hand end in the opposite - for example lower - leg either in a blind hole or also in a through opening of the frame, with sufficient cold even at ends in a blind hole.
  • Distance between the feed body and the bottom of the blind hole in the frame is given to absorb thermal expansion.
  • the corresponding recesses and openings in the frame when cold are significantly larger than the corresponding outer cross sections of the feed body.
  • this space can be separated by e.g. on the outer circumference of the molded body and the gap overlapping sleeve made of sheet steel, etc. are covered.
  • a particularly simple design of the nozzle arrangement is achieved if the supply bodies are used alternately for the supply of secondary air and flue gases from the secondary exhaust, and the supply lines for the two gases for this purpose on the one hand above or in the upper leg of the frame and on the other hand below or in the lower leg arranged of the frame and firmly connected to their respective associated feed bodies, preferably welded.
  • the entire structural units made of sheet steel and consisting of feed bodies and feed lines can simply be inserted from above or below into a one-piece frame with corresponding openings.
  • the one-piece construction of the frame only has to be dispensed with if the sleeves for covering the gap between the feed bodies and the corresponding recesses in the frame are already firmly connected to the feed bodies before the nozzle arrangement is assembled.
  • the one-piece design of the frame can be maintained if this frame - viewed from the top - does not completely surround the feed body, but only on its front side, that is to say the combustion chamber executed, and in the area between the feed bodies, but not on the back.
  • this would make it possible to simply push the feed body and thus the entire sheet steel parts of the nozzle arrangement into the corresponding recesses in the frame which are open at the rear, which also partially solves the problem of the gap in the cross-sectional representation of the feed body with respect to the frame, since in the case of a tight insertion in the cold state and subsequent heating, the strongly expanding steel sheet feed bodies automatically move partially out of the recesses of the frame, which open in a wedge-shaped manner towards the rear.
  • the nozzle effect of the nozzle arrangement can be further strengthened in that, in addition to the tapering of the nozzles in the horizontal plane, the overall curvature flow cross section is tapered in the vertical plane by the upper and lower legs of the frame is partially or wholly inclined from the combustion chamber side towards the inside of the frame towards the inside.
  • the flue gases can escape from the combustion chamber 2 in a number of ways: in the ceiling of the combustion chamber, if possible directly above the fuel 3, a direct exhaust flap 17 is arranged as a direct exhaust 16. In this way, the flue gases reach the fume cupboard 6 by constant upward flow and thus with the least resistance and the shortest path.
  • the direct extractor 16 is opened for the heating-up phase when the extractor and the chimney behind it are not yet sufficiently heated, and therefore there is still too little draft in the extractor 6 to allow the flue gases to pass through the other extraction paths, which are equipped with increased resistance lead, which would lead to that part of the flue gases would escape into the living space via the primary air path.
  • the positive connection between the door 22 and the direct trigger flap 17 can be provided by a cable which is guided over one or more deflection rollers, so that opening the door 22 causes the direct trigger flap 17 to be opened at the same time.
  • this direct pull-off flap can be opened without opening the door 22, by moving one of the two deflecting rollers of the cable pull 43 in the direction of shortening the cable pull path by actuating a pivotably mounted two-arm lever 42, by this deflecting roller on one arm of the lever 42 is stored.
  • the other exhaust routes of the flue gases from the combustion chamber, as they are used after the heating phase has been carried out, are on the one hand the primary exhaust 14, which can be located deep on the rear wall or the side walls, or even in the floor under the fuel 3, and via which the Most of the flue gases are extracted, and a secondary exhaust 15, which is arranged as high as possible in one of the surrounding walls, preferably the rear wall, of the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gases strive through a nozzle arrangement 7, in the course of which they are accelerated, into the lower region of an afterburning chamber 13 which is essentially perpendicular behind the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gases from the primary flue 14 are supplied on the one hand with secondary air 5 for post-combustion in the afterburning chamber 13, and on the other hand also with the flue gases 11 removed via the high-level flue, the so-called first flue gas recirculation 11.
  • first exhaust gas recirculation in that a first separator 10 is arranged at a distance in front of the rear wall and at a distance from the ceiling of the combustion chamber 2, so that the first exhaust gas recirculation over the upper edge of this separator and through the distance between the separator 10 and the rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber aim at the bottom of the nozzle arrangement 7, to which there is an opening.
  • the secondary air is supplied in this case by a horizontally lying supply body 24 which is hollow and has openings to the nozzle arrangement 7.
  • the nozzles consist of the delimiting surfaces of the separating body 10 as well as of the feed body 24 or of a further separating body 10 'projecting from underneath the feed body 24 in the direction of flow.
  • This approach achieves a nozzle function with acceleration and under pressure, which automatically draws in these gas components to be mixed in without a fan or similar auxiliary devices for the supply of secondary air, and, moreover, as a function of the amount of smoke gases extracted by the primary exhaust.
  • Fig. 1 it can also be seen that the boundary surfaces representing the nozzles of the nozzle arrangement 7 protrude at their rear end over the boundary surfaces of the afterburning space 13 into this.
  • turbulent eddy currents which promote mixing of the individual components and thus promote post-combustion, can form particularly easily, which protrude into the recess caused by the protrusion of the boundary surfaces into the after-combustion chamber 13.
  • the afterburning space 13 there is also an opening to the first exhaust gas recirculation 11, as a result of which part of the flue gases leaving the afterburning space 13 is fed back to the first exhaust gas recirculation 11 as a second exhaust gas recirculation 12, and thus passes through the afterburning space 13 again.
  • the draft or underpressure prevailing in the afterburning space 13 can be changed by changing the position of the damper 9 between the afterburning space and the exhaust 6.
  • At least the rear of the afterburner 13 is designed as a heat exchanger 19 through which a heat transfer medium, such as air or water, flows.
  • a heat transfer medium such as air or water
  • the construction of the first exhaust gas recirculation 11 is solved differently from FIG. 1, in that the first separating body 10 or 10 ′, which in FIG shown made of sheet steel, is made as a solid, plate-shaped molded body consisting of a refractory, pourable material.
  • the rear wall 8 can also be produced in an analogous manner as a solid, cast molded body.
  • the passage for the primary trigger 14 through the two shaped bodies 10, 10 'and 30, 30' is also aligned in this case, with corresponding extensions being provided on the rear of the through openings of the first and second shaped bodies 10, 10 ', 30, 30' in order to reduce the existing distance between the two shaped bodies for the first exhaust gas recirculation to the extent of the necessary passage opening in the nozzle arrangement, and in the second case to cause the mouth to protrude into the afterburning space 13.
  • the two separating bodies 10, 10 'and 30, 30' can each be one-piece molded parts, and the passages 21, 21 'through openings completely enclosed by the molded body. Likewise, however, it can only be a distance 21 between two separate parts 10 and 10 'or 30 and 30' of the then multi-part moldings.
  • FIG. 3 a solution is shown in which the primary exhaust - shown in FIG. 3 with only one nozzle - is located in the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, preferably directly below the fuel 3.
  • the molded bodies 10 and 30 are preferably angled in the side view.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 described below also show solutions with a nozzle arrangement in which the cross-sectional constriction in the nozzle arrangement 7 takes place in the vertical plane shown.
  • the separating body 10 is not a completely closed hollow body, but is equipped with an opening in the upper area towards the combustion chamber, so that this opening acts as a secondary exhaust 15, and thus the flue gases through the Cavity 34 of this first separating body 10 are guided downwards.
  • the cavity 34 has a connection to the nozzle 5 of the nozzle arrangement 7, specifically into or at the end of its narrowing region.
  • the outflow opening from the cavity 34 is in turn preferably itself nozzle-shaped.
  • the one rear vertical wall of the partition body 10 simultaneously forms the rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber and the partition wall towards the afterburning chamber 13.
  • the shape of the nozzle 5 is due on the one hand to the lower area of the separating body 10 in the lower region, which slopes down from the front to the rear, and on the other hand to the surface 37 rising in the opposite direction from the front to the rear, which begins at the level of the bottom of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the length of the nozzle is thus determined by the length of the outer surface 36 of the separating body 10 and thus indirectly by its thickness.
  • the secondary air 5 can be supplied from below into the nozzle 40, at approximately the same height, but opposite the supply of the flue gases of the first exhaust gas recirculation 11.
  • the first separating body 10 is designed as a hollow body only in its lower region, and the secondary air 5 is supplied in this lower cavity 39 in this case.
  • the formation of the lower end of this cavity towards the nozzle 40 with a connecting opening is the same as in FIG. 4.
  • the separating body 10 does not form the separation from the afterburning chamber 13, but is at a distance from the actual rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber. so that - as in the solution according to FIG. 1 - the flue gases of the first exhaust gas recirculation can flow over or through the upper region of the separating body 10 and then through its distance from the rear wall 8 down to the nozzle 40.
  • the individual nozzles are formed by the distance between the two adjacent feed bodies 24, 25 which is reduced in the top view in the direction of flow of the flue gases from the primary exhaust 14 to the afterburner 13.
  • These feed bodies as they are shown in detail in different designs, for example in FIG. 7, have an outer contour that widens in the direction of flow, so that the individual nozzles 40 are formed between them by placing several such inflow bodies next to one another.
  • the feed bodies 24, 25 thus have a preferably triangular or frustoconical cross-section when viewed from above, but semicircular or, for manufacturing reasons, circular cross-sections are also conceivable because of the use of simple or halved tubes.
  • the feed bodies 24 and 25 are each formed from an angularly curved, V-shaped front part, the base of which is closed by a base 28, that is to say a sheet metal part welded or clamped there, as a result of which the cavity inside of the feed part is formed.
  • this cavity through which secondary air or the flue gases of the secondary exhaust is fed to the nozzle arrangement, has a plurality of outlet openings 26 in the rear part of the front plate, near the bottom 28, which are also spaced in the longitudinal direction can act a more or less continuous slot along this floor.
  • the free ends of the front part 27 protrude rearward over the base 28 and should thus protrude into the afterburning space 13 in order to bring about a particularly good swirling and mixing of the individual components there when the gas mixture flows in.
  • the cavity inside the feed body is additionally divided into two cavities not connected to one another by a partition wall 44 again consisting of sheet metal and welded or spread in the plane of symmetry of the feed body.
  • a partition wall 44 again consisting of sheet metal and welded or spread in the plane of symmetry of the feed body.
  • FIG. 7 shows a slightly different design, the bottom 28 itself being again approximately U-shaped, but with a width slightly less than the width at the rear, open end of the V-shaped front part 27 two parts assembled so that the rear, free ends of their legs end at approximately the same height, so there is a distance on both sides between the free end of the front part 27 and the free legs 28a, 28b of the bottom 28, which serves as an outlet opening 26 for the each gas to be supplied is used.
  • the connection between the base part 28 and the front part 27 can be formed approximately in the region of the respective bend of the base 28 by a correspondingly thick weld point 41 in depth, of which a large number are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, as in FIG. 8 in a rear view of the lowest feed body of FIG. 7 shown. This results in a large number of outlet openings 26 between the individual welding points 41, which bring about a good mixing of the gas flowing out here with the flue gases in the nozzle 40.
  • the angular position of the free legs 28a, 28b either exactly parallel to the angular position of the free legs of the front part 27 or approximately towards their end also causes whether the outlet openings 26 are designed as simple openings or as nozzle-shaped openings.
  • the respective vertical supply bodies 24 and 25 are provided with a supply line 24a and / or supply line which runs transversely thereto. 25a tightly connected for the supply of the respective gas, preferably by tightly but movably inserting the supply body into the respective supply line.
  • the respective supply line 24a, 25a lies lengthways on the upper or lower cross leg of the frame 29 on or in a recess prefabricated there.
  • the supply bodies 24, 25 striving upwards or downwards from the supply line initially extend through correspondingly large passages 32 in this transverse leg of the frame 29 into the inner free space 45, which forms the actual nozzle arrangement 7, and reach it with its free one , generally closed end the opposite, lower or upper, cross leg of the frame 29.
  • the feed bodies 24, 25 protrude with their free ends into corresponding recesses 31, the cold ends of the feed bodies 24, 25 and the bottom of these depressions 31 remains at such a large distance that the longitudinal expansion of the feed body which occurs during heating can be easily absorbed.
  • the passages 32 and stiffeners 31 are also larger in cross-sectional shape than the feed bodies in the cold state.
  • the particularly large cracks along the circumference between the feed bodies and the surrounding frame 29 are covered in the cold state by a type of collar in the form of a collar 33.
  • the collar 33 is usually also made of refractory steel sheet as the feed body, and may, but need not, be fixed to it. For example, such a collar can be placed loosely on the feed body, which greatly facilitates the assembly of the nozzle arrangement.
  • the nozzle-shaped narrowing which is shown in the solution according to FIG. 9, especially in the horizontal plane as shown in FIG. 9b, can be caused by a further nozzle-shaped narrowing due to the upper and lower legs of the frame 29 can be supported in a vertical plane.
  • the frame 29, as shown in FIGS. 9, is preferably cast in one piece. However, if the cuffs 33 are to be firmly connected to the feed bodies 24, 25 for manufacturing reasons, it is generally not possible to push the feed bodies through the one-piece frame 29 from above or below.
  • the frame 29 is either made of two separate parts 29a, 29b which touch in a vertical center plane, as shown in the right part of FIG. 6.
  • Fig. 6 also shows on the right edge that - up to a certain width of the nozzle arrangement - it is also possible to supply only the flue gases from the secondary exhaust of the nozzle arrangement via the feed body 25, the secondary air 5, however, laterally, along the sides of the combustion chamber and through a corresponding passage 46 in the frame 29 at an angle into the nozzle arrangement or the subsequent afterburner 13.
  • FIG. 10 shows a feed body consisting of a V-shaped front part 27 and a tube behind it.
  • the flue gas recirculation 11 takes place, for example, in the cavity formed by the front part 27 and tube 48, and the Distance between the two parts is the outlet opening 26 for the flue gases of the return 11.
  • Further outlet openings 26 'for the secondary air are openings in the cross section of the tube 48, just outside the part of the tube cross section 48 covered by the front part 27, but still inside the half of the tube cross section facing this front part 27.
  • a tubular profile 49 is in turn followed by a base 48 with a substantially U-shaped shape and free ends 28a, 28b which strive outwards at an angle. These free ends 28a, 28b protrude further into the nozzle 40 than half the tubular profile 49. Due to their position at an acute angle to the direction of flow of the primer hood 14, they additionally act as a baffle plate and improve the mixing between the inflowing gas.
  • the size of the outlet openings 26 can be adjusted by changing the distance between the front part, in this case half the tubular profile 49, and the bottom 28.
  • the adjustment is made by screwing one of the parts along a threaded rod that runs approximately on the line of symmetry of the feed body and is firmly connected to the other part.
  • FIG. 12 Another somewhat different shape of the feed body, as can be used above all for vertical feed bodies, is shown in FIG. 12.
  • the feed body is formed similar to the representations in Fig. 7, but with an additional floor 28 ', so that between the front part 27, first floor 28 and second floor 28' two separate feed spaces for secondary air and the flue gas of the first exhaust gas recirculation 11 are formed.
  • the distance between at least the second floor 28 ', but preferably also the front part 27, can be adjusted by screwing these parts along a threaded rod which is firmly connected to the first floor 28.
  • a lever linkage etc. can also be used, which above all gives the possibility of jointly adjusting a plurality of feed bodies, for example over the entire nozzle arrangement 7.
  • the free legs 28a, 28b or 28'a, 28'b or 27a, 27b which run essentially parallel or preferably towards the free end to each other at an acute angle, over a sufficient distance next to each other lie, whereby the corresponding outlet openings 26 are formed channel-like.
  • the outflowing gases i.e. the secondary air 5 or the flue gas of the first flue gas recirculation 11
  • the outflowing gases are forced into a flow direction with which they flow into the flue gas of the primary exhaust 14 at an acute angle, and on account of their existing kinetic energy penetrate relatively far into the flow of the primary trigger 14, which causes thorough mixing.
  • a further improvement in the mixing results if the free legs 28'a, 28'b of the rearmost bottom 28 'protrude further outward than the corresponding free legs of the parts of the feed body 24 in front of them, since this free leg is inclined relative to the direction of flow of the primary trigger 14 this free end additionally acts as a kind of baffle, and causes an additional swirl at this point with mixing with the supplied gases.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP95115811A 1994-10-06 1995-10-06 Appareil de chauffage Expired - Lifetime EP0708298B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4435748A DE4435748C2 (de) 1994-10-06 1994-10-06 Heizvorrichtung
DE4435748 1994-10-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0708298A2 true EP0708298A2 (fr) 1996-04-24
EP0708298A3 EP0708298A3 (fr) 1999-04-21
EP0708298B1 EP0708298B1 (fr) 2003-01-08

Family

ID=6530120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95115811A Expired - Lifetime EP0708298B1 (fr) 1994-10-06 1995-10-06 Appareil de chauffage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0708298B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE230841T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4435748C2 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29720007U1 (de) * 1997-11-11 1998-01-02 Posch, Heribert, 83627 Warngau Heizvorrichtung
WO1999015833A1 (fr) * 1997-09-23 1999-04-01 Heta A/S Chaudiere a auto-activation alimentee en boulettes de bois
GB2356927A (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-06-06 Josef Hacohen Gas stoves
US20140196637A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2014-07-17 Panasonic Corporation A Combustion System
WO2014158032A1 (fr) 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Stewart Jason Joren Jens Système de combustion amélioré
JP2017166726A (ja) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 佐々木 匡子 焼却炉
PL444656A1 (pl) * 2023-04-27 2024-10-28 Marcin Nykiel Kocioł zgazowujący centralnego ogrzewania z systemem oddymiania komory załadowczej, kanał oddymiający kotła zgazowującego oraz metoda wymuszania ciągu spalin zgazowanych
CN119022691A (zh) * 2024-09-26 2024-11-26 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种半锥型微通道印刷电路板式换热器结构及其设计方法
JP2025079390A (ja) * 2023-11-10 2025-05-22 祐智 田山 ストーブ

Families Citing this family (6)

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DE202009016163U1 (de) 2009-11-26 2010-03-04 Grasmann, Paul Heizvorrichtung
DE102010051600A1 (de) * 2010-11-16 2012-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizkessel
DE102011117950B4 (de) * 2011-11-08 2014-09-25 Heribert Posch Primärabzug für eine Heizvorrichtung für feste Brennstoffe sowie ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Primärabzugs
CN102705836A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 锅炉给料设备上用的防回火装置
DE102014002276A1 (de) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-20 Karl Stefan Riener Rauchgasklappeneinrichtung
GB2533222A (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-15 Xtralec Ltd Improved combustion apparatus

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GB2072831A (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-07 Towler M O Supplying secondary combustion air
DK148123C (da) * 1980-12-02 1985-08-05 Passat 81 A S Centralvarmekedel med efterbraender
DE9201234U1 (de) * 1992-02-01 1992-04-16 Buderus Heiztechnik GmbH, 6330 Wetzlar Heizvorrichtung für feste Brennstoffe
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999015833A1 (fr) * 1997-09-23 1999-04-01 Heta A/S Chaudiere a auto-activation alimentee en boulettes de bois
DE29720007U1 (de) * 1997-11-11 1998-01-02 Posch, Heribert, 83627 Warngau Heizvorrichtung
GB2356927A (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-06-06 Josef Hacohen Gas stoves
GB2356927B (en) * 1999-09-16 2002-07-31 Josef Hacohen Gas stoves
US20140196637A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2014-07-17 Panasonic Corporation A Combustion System
US10197286B2 (en) * 2011-05-04 2019-02-05 Jason Joren Jens Stewart Combustion system
US10247422B2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2019-04-02 Jason Joren Jens Stewart Combustion system
WO2014158032A1 (fr) 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Stewart Jason Joren Jens Système de combustion amélioré
US20160047551A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2016-02-18 Jason Joren Jens Stewart An improved combustion system
EP2979029A4 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2016-11-02 Jason Joren Jens Stewart Système de combustion amélioré
AU2014244632B2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2018-11-08 Jason Joren Jens STEWART An improved combustion system
JP2017166726A (ja) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 佐々木 匡子 焼却炉
PL444656A1 (pl) * 2023-04-27 2024-10-28 Marcin Nykiel Kocioł zgazowujący centralnego ogrzewania z systemem oddymiania komory załadowczej, kanał oddymiający kotła zgazowującego oraz metoda wymuszania ciągu spalin zgazowanych
PL247213B1 (pl) * 2023-04-27 2025-06-02 Marcin Nykiel Kocioł zgazowujący centralnego ogrzewania z systemem oddymiania komory załadowczej, kanał oddymiający kotła zgazowującego oraz metoda wymuszania ciągu spalin zgazowanych
JP2025079390A (ja) * 2023-11-10 2025-05-22 祐智 田山 ストーブ
CN119022691A (zh) * 2024-09-26 2024-11-26 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种半锥型微通道印刷电路板式换热器结构及其设计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4435748C2 (de) 1997-08-14
DE59510526D1 (de) 2003-02-13
DE4435748A1 (de) 1996-04-11
ATE230841T1 (de) 2003-01-15
EP0708298B1 (fr) 2003-01-08
EP0708298A3 (fr) 1999-04-21

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