Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/30—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
  • E06B3/308—Wing frames covered on the outside by a rigidly-mounted outer frame
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
  • B21D53/74—Making other particular articles frames for openings, e.g. for windows, doors, handbags
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
  • Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
  • Y10T29/49625—Openwork, e.g., a truss, joist, frame, lattice-type or box beam
  • Y10T29/49627—Frame component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
  • Y10T29/49895—Associating parts by use of aligning means [e.g., use of a drift pin or a "fixture"]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
  • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
  • Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
  • Y10T409/30—Milling
  • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
  • Y10T409/306776—Axially
  • Y10T409/307168—Plural cutters
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
  • Y10T409/30—Milling
  • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
  • Y10T409/307784—Plural cutters

Definitions

• the present invention relates in particular to a method of shaping profiles, a method of manufacturing frames, frames made from profiles as well as profiles of particular structure.
• the object of the present invention is to at least partially remedy these drawbacks.
• the present invention firstly relates to a profile shaping process in which the profiles undergo shaping operations, in particular drilling, milling or punching, on a machine using at least one tool.
• this method consists in presetting the position of the tools of a set of integral tools, with respect to at least one reference surface of the machine. It also consists, successively for each of the profiles to be shaped, placing a preset reference face of the profile to be shaped on the reference surface of the machine, to move the tools together relative to said profile to shaping mounted on the machine so as to carry out the shaping operation carried out by at least one tool of said set of tools in at least one side wall of this profile, and to remove said profile from the machine after shaping; the presetting of the tools and the shape "of the profiles being such that profiles of different sections can undergo the desired operations using the tools respectively corresponding to these operations taken from said set of tools.
• the aforementioned tools can in particular be rotary machining tools, punching tools, clamping tools, for example spot welding, pinning or other operations.
• the method according to the invention in which the operation to be carried out is a punching operation, consists, after having arranged in the profile to shape an interior piece engaged longitudinally in this profile, to place this profile to be shaped on the reference surface of the machine, and performing the punching operation using at least one of the punching tools of said set of tools in order to deform the profile inwards, in a hollow part of said room.
• the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing frames each comprising profiles connected by connecting pieces respectively engaged longitudinally in the adjacent profiles of the frame, on a punching machine using punching tools. According to the invention, this method consists in presetting the position of the tools of a set of integral punching tools, with respect to at least one reference surface of the machine.
• the method of manufacturing frames according to the invention may advantageously consist of pre-mounting the frame so that its opposite parts are spaced apart, placing the preset reference face of this frame on the reference surface of the machine, placing a panel in the space of the frame, bringing the opposite parts of the frame together so as to engage the edges of the panel in grooves in the frame, and to execute the punching operation.
• the method of manufacturing frames according to the invention can advantageously consist in placing said frame laterally to said sets of punching tools.
• each frame can advantageously be formed by profiles of identical sections.
• the method of manufacturing frames according to the invention may advantageously consist, successively for each of the frames to be manufactured, of preparing four pieces of a profile and of carrying out the aforementioned pre-assembly operation.
• the present invention also relates to frames formed respectively by profiles of different sections.
• these frames preferably have, on one side, a reference face and they have shaping zones executed laterally and of which at least some of the zones of one of the frames and of the other are located at equal distances from their reference face and whose other areas of one of the frames and the other do not correspond, these other areas of one of the frames corresponding to hollow or lateral parts of the other frame.
• each frame is preferably formed by profiles of identical sections.
• the shaping zones can be punching zones.
• the present invention also relates to profiles of particular structure.
• the present invention also relates to an L-shaped section profile, which preferably comprises, in its first wing, two superimposed longitudinal channels and, in its second wing, a longitudinal channel offset towards the outside, in the direction of its first wing relative to the channel of the latter which is adjacent to it.
• its first wing may advantageously have, between its channels, longitudinal connecting strips, preferably made of a thermally insulating material.
• the edge of its second wing has a free wall back in the direction of its first wing. .
• the invention has a longitudinal rib in the inner junction zone of its aforementioned wings.
• the present invention also relates to a profile which comprises at least a first longitudinal channel adjacent to a second longitudinal channel and to a longitudinal groove extending opposite this second channel.
• the invention comprises, opposite its aforementioned groove, a free wall which extends its wall opposite to its second channel and this groove.
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section of an upright or a cross member of a fixed closure
• FIG. 3 shows a top view of a machine punching of frames
• FIG. 4 shows a side view of an operating head of the machine of Figure 3;
• FIG. 5 shows a top view of an operating head of the machine of Figure 3 in its initial position before operations
• FIG. 6 shows a top view of an operating head of the machine of Figure 3 in its final position after operations
• - Figure 7 shows a section of an operating head of the machine of Figure 3 in its position of execution of operations on a profile
• FIG. 8 shows a section of an operating head of the machine of Figure 3 in its initial position for performing operations on another profile
• FIG. 9 shows a section of an operating head of the machine of Figure 3 in its final position for performing operations on this other profile.
• a closure generally identified by the reference 1 which comprises a frame forming a frame generally identified by the reference 2 and an opening identified by a generally by reference 3, this opening 3 may in particular be a window or a door.
• the uprights and the sleepers of the sleeping frame 2, of identical sections, are made from a profile generally identified by the reference 4, the structure of which is as follows.
• the profile 4 comprises an outer profile 5 and an inner profile 6. These profiles 5 and 6 have opposite walls 8 and 9, parallel to the plane of the frame, which have opposite ribs between which are engaged the longitudinal connecting strips 7 in one insulating material which avoids the thermal bridge between the external profile 5 and the internal profile 6.
• the profile 5 comprises, from its wall 8, walls 10, 1 1 and 12 which extend outwards, the wall 1 1 being placed between and at a distance from the walls 10 and 12 and being wider than the latter.
• the outer edge of the wall 12 is connected to the wall 1 1, substantially in the middle, by a wall 13 substantially parallel to the wall 8, so that a longitudinal channel 14 is determined between the opposite walls 8 and 13 and the opposite walls 1 1 and 12.
• the profile 5 comprises longitudinal walls 15 and 16 which extend, opposite the longitudinal channel 14, parallel to the plane of the frame 2, their edges being connected by a wall longitudinal 17 perpendicular to this plane, so that the section 5 has a longitudinal channel 18 of L-shaped section and delimited by the walls 10, 11, 15, 16 and 17.
• the wall 16 constitutes the outer face of the frame 2 .
• the wall 16 has a protruding longitudinal rib 19 situated opposite the wall 10.
• the section 5 has a longitudinal wall 20 which extends the wall 8 and which is slightly inclined towards the wall 15.
• This wall 20 has a longitudinal groove 21 in which is engaged a longitudinal fixing rib of a longitudinal joint 22.
• the section 5 has a longitudinal wall 23 which extends the wall 1 7 inwards. At the end of this wall 23, there is provided a longitudinal groove 24 in which is engaged a longitudinal part for fixing a longitudinal joint 25.
• the inner profile 6 has two longitudinal walls 26 and 27 which extend inward from its wall 9. The edges of these walls 26 and 27 are connected by a longitudinal wall 28 parallel to the plane of the frame 2, such so that the walls 9, 26, 27 and 28 define a longitudinal channel 29.
• the wall 28 constitutes the inner wall of the frame 2.
• the wall 26 of the profile 6 has, at a distance from the wall 28, a projecting longitudinal rib 30.
• the profile 6 has longitudinal hooking ribs 31 and 32 and the wall 26 has, substantially at its middle part, a longitudinal hooking rib 33.
• two connecting brackets 34 and 35 are provided, the longitudinal branches of which are engaged in the channel 29 and the channel 18 of the profile 37 respectively.
• the branches of the connecting bracket 34 are arranged between the rib 30 and the wall 9 and between the walls 26 and 27.
• the branches of the connecting bracket 35 are arranged between the opposite walls 8 and 16 and between the opposite walls 10 and 1 1.
• the section 4 is of L-shaped section and comprises, in its first wing 4a, two superimposed longitudinal channels 14 and 28 and, in its second wing 4b, a longitudinal channel 18 offset towards the outside, in the direction of its first wing 4a relative to the channel 14 of the latter which is adjacent to it.
• Its first wing 4a has, between its channels 14 and 29, longitudinal connecting strips 7 made of a thermally insulating material.
• the edge of its second wing 4b has a free wall 23 in return in the direction of its first wing 4a.
• the profile 4 has a longitudinal rib 20 in the inner junction zone of its aforementioned wings 4a and 4b and its first wing 4a has, on the side of its second wing 4b, hooking ribs 31, 32 and 33.
• the opening 3 comprises a peripheral frame 36 made from a section 37 of identical section for its uprights and its crosspieces, this section 37 having the following structure.
• the profile 37 has a wall 38 which constitutes the inside face of the frame 36, a middle wall 39 and a wall 40 which constitutes the outside face of the frame 34, these walls 38, 39 and 40 extending parallel to the plane of the frame 36.
• the edges inside the frame 36 of the walls 38 and 39 are connected by a longitudinal wall 41 of S-shaped section and the edge outside the frame 36 of the wall 39 is connected to the wall 38 by a wall longitudinal 42 which extends perpendicular to the plane of the frame 36 and which joins the wall 38 substantially in the middle, so that the profile 37 has a longitudinal channel 43 delimited by the walls 38, 39, 41 and 42. In this channel 43, the walls 38 and 39 have "opposite longitudinal ribs 44 and 45.
• the edge outside the frame 36 of the wall 44 is connected to the wall 39 by a longitudinal wall 46 which extends perpendicular to the plane of the frame 36, thus delimiting, inside the frame 36, a longitudinal groove 47 between the walls 39 and 40.
• the wall 42 is extended by a longitudinal wall 48 which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the frame 36 and facing the wall 46.
• the outer edge of this wall 48 is connected to the wall 46, in the vicinity of the wall 40, by a wall 49 which extends parallel to the plane of the frame 36, so that the profile 37 has a longitudinal channel 50 delimited by the walls 39, 46, 48 and 49.
• the walls 42 and 48 carry longitudinal attachment ribs 51 and 52.
• two connecting brackets 53 and 54 are provided, the longitudinal branches of which are engaged in the channel 43 and the channel 50 of the profile 37 respectively.
• the branches of the bracket 53 being arranged between the longitudinal ribs 44 and 45 and the wall 42 and between the walls 38 and 39.
• the branches of the bracket 54 being arranged between the walls 46 and 48 and between the walls 39 and 49 These connecting brackets 53 and 54 are crimped as will be described later.
• the edge of the wall 38 located at a distance from the wall 42, on the outside of the frame 36, is provided with a longitudinal groove 55 in which is engaged the longitudinal part for fixing a longitudinal joint 56.
• the opening 3 comprises in addition a panel 57 which, in the example, is double glazing.
• the peripheral edge of this panel 57 is surrounded by a sealing and mounting seal 58.
• the peripheral edge of the panel 57 is engaged in the groove 47 of the profile 37 of the frame 36, the sealing and mounting seal 58 being compressed and coming to bear against the inner edges of the frame 36 of the walls 39 and 40.
• the profile 37 comprises a first longitudinal channel 43 adjacent to a second longitudinal channel 50 and to a longitudinal groove 47, the latter extending opposite this second channel 54. It comprises, opposite this groove 47, a free wall 38a which extends its wall opposite its second channel 50 and this groove 47.
• the ribs 32 and 51 and the ribs 33 and 52 are respectively located opposite one another, with respect to the median plane of the closure 1.
• the walls 17 and 23 of the profile 4 and the wall 41 of the profile 37 have symmetrical shapes relative to the median plane of the closure 1 and the outer and inner faces of the panel 57 are at equal distances from the faces of the walls 16 and 38, so that the shapes of the outer wall and the inner wall of this closure 1 are substantially identical.
• attachment ribs 32, 33 and 51, 52 are advantageously used for mounting hinges and locking members.
• This closure comprises a frame identified in a general manner by the reference 60 which has a structure identical to that of the frame 2 of the closure 1, that is to say that it is formed by means of a profile comprising an exterior profile 5 and an interior profile 6 connected by longitudinal connecting strips 7.
• the frame 60 carries on its inner side an intermediate frame marked with a general strap by the reference 61 which is constructed from a profile 62.
• This profile 62 has a longitudinal wall 63 which extends perpendicular to the plane of the frame 60.
• This wall 63 carries two longitudinal walls 64 and 65 which extend parallel to the plane of the frame 60, the end edges of which are engaged. with the attachment ribs 31 and 32 of the frame 4, as well as a longitudinal wall 66 which extends from its inner edge and the end edge of which bears against the attachment rib 32 of the profile 4 , parallel to the plane of the frame 60.
• the other edge of the wall 63 has a longitudinal rib 67 in which is engaged the longitudinal fixing part of a seal 68 which bears against the rib 20 of the profile 4.
• the closure 59 has a panel 69, for example in double glazing, which extends inside the intermediate frame 61 and which bears against " the wall 63 of the profile 62 by means of a seal 70.
• the closure also includes a retaining frame generally identified by the reference 72 formed from a profile 73.
• This profile 73 comprises a wall 74 which extends parallel to the plane of the frame 60 and which constitutes the inner face of the closure 59. From this wall 74, the profile 73 has a longitudinal wall 75 whose edge is in abutment the inner face of the wall 28 of the profile 4 or its rib 32, a longitudinal wall 76 which extends in front of the wall 63 of the intermediate frame 61 and whose edge is engaged with a longitudinal retaining rib 77 provided on the inner side of this wall 63, as well as a longitudinal wall 78, in the form of an S, the longitudinal edge of which carries a longitudinal joint 79 which bears against the inner face of the panel 69.
• the outer and inner faces of the panel 69 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the wall 16 of the profile 4, which constitutes the outer face of the frame 60, and the wall 74 of the frame 72, which constitutes the inner face of the closure 59, and that the shape of the wall 78 of the retaining frame 72 is substantially symmetrical and of the same shape as the walls 17 and 23 of the profile 4 with, in extension, the seal 71.
• the connecting brackets 34 and 53 have the same section and the connecting brackets 35 and 54 also have the same section, the longitudinal channels of the sections 4 and 37 being dimensioned accordingly.
• This punching machine 80 comprises two fixed guide beams 81 and 82, horizontal and parallel, as well as two guide beams 83 and 84, perpendicular to the beam 81 and 82.
• the beam 83 is for example mounted fixed on the beams 81 and 82 while the beam 84 is movable along the beams 81 and 82 by means of known drive means identified by the reference 85.
• the beams 83 and 84 respectively carry two clamping and punching heads 86 which are movable along the latter by means of known drive means identified by the reference 87.
• Each head 86 carries a clamping bracket 88 whose branches are parallel to the aforementioned beams, these clamping brackets being movable at 45 ° relative to the aforementioned beams, for example by jacks 89.
• each head 86 carries, in the example, three double punches 90, 9 1 and 92 which are provided with punching fingers and whose branches are respectively associated with the branches of the clamping brackets 88, these punches being articulated around of vertical axes 93a and being capable of being driven in rotation at the same time thanks for example to a jack 93.
• the machine 80 has a bearing surface 94 which extends horizontally to a level lower than that of the lower punch 90 as well as bearing pads 95 located in its middle part.
• This bearing surface 94 is formed in the example by removable wedges 94a arranged on the upper face of a machine bench 94b.
• the machine 80 also has electronic or electrical control means capable of placing the heads 80 in determined positions with respect to each other so as to form between the four clamping angles 88 a rectangle of determined size as well as means for control the means for moving the clamping brackets 88 and pairs of punches 90, 91 and 92.
• the machine 80 can be used in the following manner.
• the dimensions of the frame to be obtained are introduced into the control means of the machine 80.
• the latter automatically position the heads 88 of the machine 80 in positions such that the dimension of the rectangle determined by the clamping brackets 88 is slightly greater than the dimension of the frame 2 thus prefabricated.
• the prefabricated frame 2 is placed between the clamping brackets 88 in a position such that the wall 28 of the profile 4, which constitutes a reference face of the frame 2, is in abutment on the reference surface 94 of the machine 80, like the shows figure 5.
• the clamping brackets 88 of the heads 86 are actuated to move simultaneously, at 45 °, and come to take, outside the frame 2, and compress the angles of this frame 2.
• the double punches 90, 9 1 and 92 of the punching heads 86 are actuated simultaneously and pivot in the direction of the peripheral wall of the frame 5.
• the fingers of the lower punches 90 engage in the wall 27 of the profile 4 and the fingers of the upper punches 92 engage in the wall 1 1 of the profile 4 passing above its wall 13, while the central punches 91 engage between the walls 8 and 9 of the profile 4, in the direction of the strips of connection 7, without however touching these walls 8 and 9 and these strips 7.
• the lower punches 90 locally deform the wall 27 of the profile 4 inwards and the upper punches 92 locally deform the wall 15 of the profile 4, the deformations 96 thus obtained engaging in recesses 97 of the connecting brackets 34 and 35 of so that the corners of the frame are securely attached 2.
• the profile pieces 37 which will constitute the uprights and the crosspieces of the frame 36 to be manufactured are cut at the tab.
• the branches of the brackets 54 are partially engaged in the channels 50 of these pieces so as to constitute a preformed frame 36 whose interior space delimited by the interior edges of the walls 49 and 40 of the profile 37 is greater than the panel surface 57.
• the dimensions of the frame 36 to be manufactured are programmed so that the heads 86 of the machine 80 are automatically placed in determined positions such that the surface delimited by the brackets 88 is greater than the surface " of the frame 36 pre-assembled as just described.
• the preformed frame 36 is placed on the reference surface 94 of the machine, in the space between the brackets 88 of the heads 86, in a position such that its wall 38, which constitutes a reference face, is supported on the reference surface 94.
• the panel 57 is placed in abutment on the studs 95, in a position such that its peripheral edge is located opposite the groove 47 of the profile 37.
• the clamping brackets 88 move in the direction of the corners of the frame 3 and bring the uprights and the crosspieces of this frame closer together, by sliding the brackets 54 in the channels 50 of the profile 37, until the corners are in contact. Simultaneously, the peripheral edge of the panel 57 engages in the groove 47 of the profile 37 over the entire periphery of the frame 3.
• the three punches 90, 91 and 92 are actuated and move simultaneously in the direction of the peripheral wall of the frame 3.
• the central punches 91 locally deform inward the wall 48 of the profile 37 and the lower punches 90 causes a local, inward deformation of the wall 42, while the upper punches 92 pass above and at a distance from the wall 47 of the profile 37.
• deformations 96 engage in recesses 97 of the branches of the connecting brackets 53 and in recesses of the branches of the connecting brackets 54.
• the operations for manufacturing the closure 1 can be completed by arranging the joints described above and by mounting the hinges, the locking members and any other useful accessory.
• the present invention is not limited to the examples described above.
• the numbers of punching tools and the tools used could be different.
• the invention could also apply to all kinds of adapted profile shapes as described and on all kinds of adapted machines as described.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Automatic Assembly (AREA)
• Eyeglasses (AREA)
• Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
• Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)
• Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Forging (AREA)
• Milling Processes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

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• 1993
  • 1993-08-04 FR FR9309622A patent/FR2708501B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1994
  • 1994-08-04 WO PCT/FR1994/000978 patent/WO1995004617A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1994-08-04 US US08/586,872 patent/US6212773B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-08-04 CA CA002168655A patent/CA2168655A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-08-04 EP EP94924331A patent/EP0712338B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-04 AU AU74635/94A patent/AU7463594A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-08-04 DE DE69414395T patent/DE69414395T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-08-04 ES ES94924331T patent/ES2127408T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-04 AT AT94924331T patent/ATE172901T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-08-04 DK DK94924331T patent/DK0712338T3/da active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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