EP0773840B1 - Procede de production et de refection de peintures multicouche permettant d'obtenir des effets multicolores - Google Patents
Procede de production et de refection de peintures multicouche permettant d'obtenir des effets multicolores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0773840B1 EP0773840B1 EP95925869A EP95925869A EP0773840B1 EP 0773840 B1 EP0773840 B1 EP 0773840B1 EP 95925869 A EP95925869 A EP 95925869A EP 95925869 A EP95925869 A EP 95925869A EP 0773840 B1 EP0773840 B1 EP 0773840B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- shear
- shear rate
- mpa
- apparent viscosity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007591 painting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/067—Metallic effect
- B05D5/068—Metallic effect achieved by multilayers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing and repair of multi-layer effect paints.
- Pneumatic application methods stand out disadvantageous in that a relatively large Part of the sprayed amount of paint does not cover the substrate reached, which has the consequence that the circulating air in the Spray booth must have high speeds, thus the relatively large amounts of overspray deposited and can be disposed of.
- the basecoat film is preferably in only one spray cycle, exclusively made by electrostatic spraying.
- electrostatic spraying the amount is of the sprayed paint material that the substrate achieved considerably larger than with pneumatic application processes.
- the speed the circulating air in the spray booth is reduced can and that smaller amounts of paint overspray have to be processed and disposed of.
- all of the platelet-shaped pigments containing platelet-shaped pigments suitable for the serial painting of automobile bodies can be used, provided they have a solids content of 18% by weight and a temperature of 23 ° C. at a shear rate of 1,000 s -1 after a shear time of 6 s an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 1000 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 40 to 200, preferably 60 to 150 mPa s, at a shear rate of 5 s -1 after a shear time of 10 s an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 200 to 800 mPa s and after a shear time of 300 s at a shear rate of 5 s -1 an apparent viscosity of 100 to 2000, preferably 500 to 1500 mPa s, the measurements carried out at the shear rate of 5 sec
- rheology aids such as, for example, crosslinked polymer microparticles (cf. for example EP-A-38127), finely divided silica, anionic polyacrylate resins, layered silicates, etc.
- the person skilled in the art can in principle apply any basecoat suitable for series coating to a viscosity behavior, that meet the above conditions.
- the basecoats used in stage (1) of the process according to the invention can be either aqueous or non-aqueous.
- Aqueous basecoats are described, for example, in EP-A-38127 and non-aqueous basecoats are described, for example, in US-A-4,220,679.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable good for making and repairing multilayer Effect coatings with darker shades (e.g. Diamond Black) and for the production and repair of multi-layer effect paints with lighter ones Shades (e.g. silver).
- darker shades e.g. Diamond Black
- lighter ones Shades e.g. silver
- Basecoat layer exclusively by electrostatic Syringes is made.
- electrostatic Spraying is the amount of paint material sprayed, which reaches the substrate, much larger than with pneumatic application processes. That has as a result that the speed of the circulating air in the Spray booth can be reduced and that lower Amounts of paint overspray worked up and disposed of Need to become. It can also be used to manufacture multi-layer effect painting necessary painting system be significantly reduced if the basecoat layer exclusively by electrostatic Syringes is made.
- the application of basecoats containing platelet-like pigments electrostatic spraying is good for the person skilled in the art known and therefore does not need any further details here to be explained
- Spray application process in which the paint drops of the spray jet meet the above-mentioned conditions can, for example, with the help of HVLP (high volume, low pressure) fuel pistols that are commercially available are available.
- the diameter, the speed and thus the impulse of the Drops of paint in the spray jet essentially depend on the paint flow rate, the amount of atomizing air or Atomizing air pressure, paint viscosity and Nozzle geometry.
- a reduction in paint flow rate has, for example, a reduction in the paint drop diameter and an increase in speed the paint drops result.
- An increase in atomizing air pressure also leads to a reduction the paint drop diameter and to an increase the speed of the paint drops.
- phase Doppler anemometry method is used by W.D. Bachalo and M.J. Houser in OPTICAL ENGINEERING / September / October 1984 / Vol.23 No.5 on pages 583 to 590.
- the basecoat film thus obtained is after an intermediate drying (10 min, 80 ° C) with a commercially available a polyacrylate resin as a binder and a melamine resin as a clearcoat containing crosslinking agents overcoated (dry film thickness of the clear coat: 50 ⁇ m) and then basecoat and clearcoat 20 Baked at 140 ° C for minutes.
- half of the painted test board is taped with an adhesive strip and the remaining half is sanded with sandpaper (800). Then the basecoat used for the initial painting is applied with an HVLP spray gun (De Vilbiss GFHV-511, manufacturer: De Vilbiss; cap: air cap No. 152, nozzle EY 7; atomization pressure: 0.4 bar, measured at air cap; spraying distance: 30 cm to Substrate) in a first application (first cloister) sprayed in a dry layer thickness of 6-8 ⁇ m.
- HVLP spray gun De Vilbiss GFHV-511, manufacturer: De Vilbiss; cap: air cap No. 152, nozzle EY 7; atomization pressure: 0.4 bar, measured at air cap; spraying distance: 30 cm to Substrate
- the spray jet produced is characterized in that 25% of the drops of paint passing a measuring point located in the center of the spray jet and 300 mm from the nozzle have a diameter which is below 20 ⁇ m and 15% of the drops of paint which pass this measuring point happen, have a diameter that is over 60 microns. In addition, 33% of the drops of paint passing the measuring point have a speed which is below 6 m / s, and 17% of the drops of paint which pass the measuring point have a speed of more than 10 m / s.
- the impulse of the paint drops that pass the measuring point is 6.8 ⁇ 10 -5 g cm s -1 .
- the diameter and the speed of the paint drops were determined using the phase Doppler anemometry method.
- the basecoat film thus obtained is after an intermediate drying (10 min, 80 ° C) with a commercially available a polyacrylate resin as a binder and a Clear varnish containing polyisocyanate as crosslinking agent overcoated (dry film thickness of the clear coat: 45 ⁇ m) and then basecoat and Clear coat baked at 140 ° C for 30 min.
Landscapes
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Claims (3)
- Procédé de production et de réfecticn de peintures multicouches permettant d'obtenir des effets multicolores, lors duquelle procédé se composant des étapes (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) et (7) ou des étapes (1), (2), (3) et (4), ou des étapes (1), (3), (4), (5), (6), et (7), caracterise en ce que(1) l'on produit une couche de peinture de base sur une surface de substrat en utilisant au moins une peinture contenant un pigment sous forme de paillettes,(2) l'on procède à la réfection de cette couche de peinture de base, le cas échéant, à l'aide d'au moins une peinture contenant un pigment sous forme de paillettes,(3) l'on procède à la sur-peinture de la couche de peinture obtenue dans l'étape (1), ou l'étape (2), a l'aide d'une peinture transparente,(4) l'on procède à la cuisson de la peinture multicouche ainsi obtenue,(5) l'on procède à la réfection de la peinture multicouche ainsi soumise à cuisson, le cas échéant, a l'aide d'au moins une peinture contenant un pigment sous forme de paillettes,(6) l'on procède à la sur-peinture de la couche de peinture ainsi obtenue dans l'étape (5), à l'aide d'une peinture transparente, et(7) l'on procède à la cuisson de la peinture multicouche ainsi obtenue,(i) dans l'étape (1), l'on utilise une peinture qui présente, pour une teneur en matières solides de 18 % en poids et pour une température de 23°C, pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 1 000 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 6 secondes une viscosité apparente de 40 à 200 mPas, pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 1 000 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 300 secondes une viscosité apparente de 40 à 200 mPas, pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 10 secondes une viscosité apparente de 100 à 2 000 mPas et pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 300 secondes une viscosité apparente de 100 à 2 000 mPas, les mesures effectuées pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 ayant été effectuées immédiatement après un cisaillement préalable d'une durée de 300 secondes pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 1000 s-1, et la viscosité apparente, mesurée pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 300 secondes, se situant à un niveau plus élevé de 0 à 1 000 mPas que la viscosité apparente mesurée pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 10 secondes,(ii) l'on produit la couche de peinture de base produite dans l'étape (1) exclusivement par pulvérisation électrostatique et(iii) l'on effectue la réfection effectuée dans l'étape (2), ou dans l'étape (5), à l'aide d'un procédé d'application par pulvérisation, lors duquel on produit un jet de pulvérisation se composant de gouttelettes de peinture qui se caractérise en ce quele diamètre et la vitesse des gouttelettes de peinture ayant été déterminés à l'aide de la méthode d'anémométrie Doppler à phases.au plus 40 % des gouttelettes de peinture qui passent par un point de mesure, qui se situe au centre du jet de pulvérisation et à 300 mm de la buse, présentent un diamètre qui se situe en-dessous de 20 microns, et au moins 5 % des gouttelettes de peinture, qui passent par ce point de mesure, présentent un diamètre, qui se situe au-dessus de 60 microns,au moins 20 % des gouttelettes de peinture qui passent par un point de mesure, qui se situe au centre du jet de pulvérisation et à 300 mm de la buse, présentent une vitesse, qui se situe en-dessous de 6 m/s, et au plus 30 % des gouttelettes de peinture, qui passent par ce point de mesure, présentent une vitesse de plus de 10 m/s etles gouttelettes de peinture qui passent par un point de mesure, qui se situe au centre du jet de pulvérisation et à 300 mm de la buse, présentent une quantité de mouvement qui est d'au moins 4 x 10-5 g cm s-1,
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la peinture utilisée dans l'étape (1) présente pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 1 000 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 6 secondes une viscosité apparente de 60 à 150 mPas, pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 1 000 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 300 secondes une viscosité apparente de 60 à 150 mPas, pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 10 secondes une viscosité apparente de 200 à 800 mPas, et pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 300 secondes une viscosité apparente de 500 à 1 500 mPas, la viscosité apparente mesurée pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 300 secondes se situant à un niveau plus élevé de 200 à 600 mPas que la viscosité apparente mesurée pour une vitesse de cisaillement de 5 s-1 après une durée de cisaillement de 10 secondes.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue la réfection effectuée dans l'étape (2), ou l'étape (5) à l'aide d'un procédé d'application par pulvérisation, lors duquel on produit un jet de pulvérisation comportant des goutelettes de peinture, qui se caractérise parle diamètre et la vitesse des gouttelettes de peinture ayant été déterminés à l'aide de la méthode d'anémométrie Doppler à phases.de 10 à 30 % des gouttelettes de peinture qui passent par un point de mesure, qui se situe au centre du jet de pulvérisation et à 300 mm de la buse, présentent un diamètre qui se situe en dessous de 20 microns, et 10 à 30 % des gouttelettes de peinture qui passent par ce point, présentent un diamètre qui se situe au dessus de 60 microns,de 30 à 50 % des gouttelettes de peinture, qui passent par un point de mesure, qui se situe au centre du jet de pulvérisation et à 300 mm de la buse, présentent une vitesse, qui se situe en dessous de 6 m/s, et de 0 à 20 % des gouttelettes de peinture qui passent par ce point de mesure, présentent une vitesse de plus de 10 m/s, etles gouttelettes de peinture , qui passent par un point de mesure, qui se situe au centre du jet de pulvérisation et à 300 mm de la buse, présentent une quantité de mouvement, qui va de 6 x 10-5 à 8 x 10-5 g cm s-1,
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4426039 | 1994-07-22 | ||
| DE4426039A DE4426039A1 (de) | 1994-07-22 | 1994-07-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung und Ausbesserung von mehrschichtigen Effektlackierungen |
| PCT/EP1995/002749 WO1996003221A1 (fr) | 1994-07-22 | 1995-07-13 | Procede de production et de refection de peintures multicouche permettant d'obtenir des effets multicolores |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0773840A1 EP0773840A1 (fr) | 1997-05-21 |
| EP0773840B1 true EP0773840B1 (fr) | 1998-09-23 |
Family
ID=6523917
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95925869A Expired - Lifetime EP0773840B1 (fr) | 1994-07-22 | 1995-07-13 | Procede de production et de refection de peintures multicouche permettant d'obtenir des effets multicolores |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5820986A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0773840B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2891778B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100208908B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1152886A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE171399T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2191879A1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE4426039A1 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0773840T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2125029T3 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW400255B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1996003221A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE50111955D1 (de) * | 2000-03-16 | 2007-03-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur kleinflächigen beseitigung von lackierungsfehlern |
| ATE294647T1 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2005-05-15 | Du Pont | Verfahren zur reparaturbeschichtung von mehrschichtüberzügen auf substraten |
| US6777033B2 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2004-08-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for refinishing substrates |
| US9744559B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2017-08-29 | Paul W Harrison | High contrast surface marking using nanoparticle materials |
| CN106423805A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-22 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | 一种铝合金表面涂层及形成该涂层的方法 |
| WO2020002252A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Procédé pour réaliser un revêtement optimisé et revêtement pouvant être obtenu au moyen dudit procédé |
| CN112513611A (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-03-16 | 巴斯夫涂料有限公司 | 油漆开发中的雾化期间液滴尺寸分布的测定方法和基于其的筛选方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5814266B2 (ja) * | 1975-12-19 | 1983-03-18 | 三井東圧化学株式会社 | メタリツクチヨウトマクノケイセイホウホウ |
| US4238387A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1980-12-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Rheology control additive for paints |
| GB2073609B (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1984-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Coating process |
| US4477536A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1984-10-16 | Glasurit America, Inc. | Process for preparing a multilayer coating |
| NL8500475A (nl) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-09-16 | Akzo Nv | Thixotrope bekledingssamenstelling. |
| DE3919028A1 (de) * | 1989-06-10 | 1990-12-13 | Hoechst Ag | Ueberzugsmasse, verfahren zur herstellung von ueberzuegen und damit beschichtete substrate |
| JPH0312263A (ja) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-01-21 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | うるし調塗膜の形成方法 |
| US5204401A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1993-04-20 | Basf Corporation | Metallic water borne base coat composition based on acrylic latex resins using acrylic resins derived from vinyl monomers having nonionic and urethane functionality for aluminum storage and a treated hextorie clay for rheology control - water base 9 |
| US5413809A (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1995-05-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for achieving recoat adhesion over a silane topcoat |
| JP3208022B2 (ja) * | 1994-10-21 | 2001-09-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | メタリック塗料の塗装方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-07-22 DE DE4426039A patent/DE4426039A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-07-13 KR KR1019970700415A patent/KR100208908B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-13 WO PCT/EP1995/002749 patent/WO1996003221A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-07-13 CA CA002191879A patent/CA2191879A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-13 EP EP95925869A patent/EP0773840B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-13 JP JP8505415A patent/JP2891778B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-13 US US08/765,982 patent/US5820986A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-13 CN CN95194179A patent/CN1152886A/zh active Pending
- 1995-07-13 ES ES95925869T patent/ES2125029T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-13 AT AT95925869T patent/ATE171399T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-13 DK DK95925869T patent/DK0773840T3/da active
- 1995-07-13 DE DE59503723T patent/DE59503723D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-10 TW TW084108325A patent/TW400255B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR970704525A (ko) | 1997-09-06 |
| TW400255B (en) | 2000-08-01 |
| US5820986A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
| DE4426039A1 (de) | 1996-01-25 |
| JPH09509098A (ja) | 1997-09-16 |
| CA2191879A1 (fr) | 1996-02-08 |
| CN1152886A (zh) | 1997-06-25 |
| ATE171399T1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
| DK0773840T3 (da) | 1999-06-14 |
| ES2125029T3 (es) | 1999-02-16 |
| WO1996003221A1 (fr) | 1996-02-08 |
| KR100208908B1 (ko) | 1999-07-15 |
| JP2891778B2 (ja) | 1999-05-17 |
| EP0773840A1 (fr) | 1997-05-21 |
| DE59503723D1 (de) | 1998-10-29 |
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