EP0777081A2 - Brûleur à prémélange - Google Patents

Brûleur à prémélange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0777081A2
EP0777081A2 EP96810738A EP96810738A EP0777081A2 EP 0777081 A2 EP0777081 A2 EP 0777081A2 EP 96810738 A EP96810738 A EP 96810738A EP 96810738 A EP96810738 A EP 96810738A EP 0777081 A2 EP0777081 A2 EP 0777081A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premix burner
interior
burner according
flow
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96810738A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0777081A3 (fr
EP0777081B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Adnan Dr. Eroglu
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Wolfgang Dr. Polifke
Dieter Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0777081A2 publication Critical patent/EP0777081A2/fr
Publication of EP0777081A3 publication Critical patent/EP0777081A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0777081B1 publication Critical patent/EP0777081B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Lean premixed combustion is a common method of achieving low pollutant emissions, especially nitrogen oxide emissions, when burning fuels with a low nitrogen compound content.
  • experimental burners can further reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by improving the quality of the mixture of air and fuel, particularly when burning under high pressure, as is the case with gas turbines.
  • Conventional spin-stabilized and machine-compatible premix burners only mix the fuel into the combustion air shortly before the flame zone. Studies in this context have shown that none homogeneous mixing of air and fuel up to the flame zone can be achieved. Laying the fuel injection upstream to extend the mixing time and thus improve the quality of the mixture is not permitted due to the associated risk of reignition in a machine-compatible burner.
  • a burner has become known from WO 93/17279, which essentially consists of a cylindrical chamber which in turn has a plurality of tangentially arranged slots through which the combustion air flows into the interior of the chamber.
  • a number of fuel nozzles act in the axial direction, through which a gaseous fuel is preferably mixed with the combustion air flowing through it.
  • the interior of the chamber is further provided with a conical body which tapers in the direction of flow, further fuel nozzles for a preferably liquid fuel being provided in the region of the tip of this conical body. The combustion air is ignited downstream of the cone tip of this body.
  • the flow in the chamber itself must be subcritical, ie the number of swirls must be so small that there is no swirling.
  • the critical swirl number can be achieved in the right place by three parameters: by changing the width of the tangential slots, and on the other hand by adjusting the angle of the conical body in the interior of the chamber and by adding a central supporting air, whether it is swirled or untwisted. Due to the fuel injection in the area of the slots, their design is severely restricted.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, is based on the object of improving the mixing quality in a premix burner of the type mentioned at the outset and eliminating the risk of reignition during the entire operation.
  • the main advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that the improvement can be applied to all swirl-stabilized premix burners, in particular to those that work using the critical swirl number to form a return flow zone and are constructed on the principle of two or more staggered partial shells, the offset partial shells form air inflow slots that run parallel, opening or closing to the burner axis.
  • the outer shell consists of a unitary body in the form of a tube, and the air flows into the interior through a number of tangentially arranged channels.
  • FIGS. 2 or 3 are also used simultaneously with FIG. 1. Furthermore, in order not to make FIG. 1 unnecessarily confusing, the feed channels 11c and 12c according to FIG. 2 or 3 have not been shown in more detail. In the description of FIG. 1, reference is made to the remaining FIGS. 2 and 3 as required.
  • the premix burner according to FIG. 1 consists of two hollow partial shells 11, 12 which are nested in one another offset from one another (cf. FIG. 2). The offset of the respective central axis or longitudinal axis of symmetry 11b, 12b (see FIG.
  • a conical inner body 13 Arranged in the interior 20 is a conical inner body 13 which tapers in the direction of flow, extends far into the interior 20 and largely tapers out.
  • the conical configuration of this inner body 13 is not limited to the shape shown: an outer shape of this inner body 13 as a diffuser or confuser is also possible.
  • the inner body 13 is traversed by at least one bore 14, through which a liquid fuel 16 is preferably conducted into the front area.
  • the injection of the liquid fuel 16 in the area of the tip of the inner body 13 forms the head stage of the premix burner 1.
  • the inner body 13 can easily be supplemented with a swirl generator, not shown in the figure, which supports the mixing of the injected fuel 16.
  • the flow cross section of the interior 20 experiences a cross-sectional jump via a front wall 17, the cross section of which then Flow cross section of the flame tube 21 forms.
  • the front wall 17 itself has a number of bores through which dilution air or cooling air 19 is fed to the front area of the combustion chamber 22 as required. Flame stabilization becomes important when it comes to supporting the compactness of the flame due to radial flattening, which is also important with regard to the fuel injection through the head stage.
  • the combustion mixture 15 consists of air and fuel (see FIG. 2).
  • the combustion mixture 15 can of course also contain portions of a recirculated exhaust gas or an amount of steam.
  • the general rule is that within the cross-sectional jump in the region of the front wall 17 a flow-like edge zone is formed, in which vortex detachments occur due to the negative pressure prevailing there, which in turn support flame stabilization.
  • the dilution air or cold air 19 already mentioned is admixed.
  • the combustion mixture 15 flowing tangentially into the interior 20 creates a swirl of the medium around the inner body 13.
  • a vortex burst occurs, a homogeneous fuel concentration depending on the formation of the tangential air inlet slots or on the installation of vortex generators in the area of the air inlet slots.
  • the ignition takes place at the top of the return flow zone 18: only at this point can a stable flame front arise.
  • a backlash of the flame into the interior 20 of the premix burner 1, as is always latent in the case of the premix sections which have become known, while remedial action is being sought there with complicated flame holders is not to be feared here for the reasons mentioned.
  • the combustion air is additionally preheated or enriched with one of the media mentioned, this supports the evaporation by the inner body 13 introduced liquid fuel 16.
  • the inner body 13 in terms of the conical configuration and the width of the tangential air inlet slots. 11a, 12a are to be observed so that the desired flow field, ie the critical swirl number, of the combustion mixture 15 can be set at the exit of the interior 20.
  • the axial speed of the combustion mixture 15 within the interior 20 of the premix burner 1 can be changed by supplying an axial combustion air flow (not shown in more detail).
  • the design of the premix burner 1 is furthermore excellently suitable for changing the size of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, with which a relatively large operating bandwidth can be recorded without changing the overall length of the premix burner 1.
  • the partial shells 11, 12 can also be moved relative to one another via this plane, ie it is easily possible to overlap them in the region of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a. It is also possible to use the partial shells 11, 12 to be nested spirally in one another by a counter-rotating movement.
  • the shape and size of the tangential air inlet slots 11a., 12a can thus be varied such that the swirl generation in the premix burner 1 can be adapted to the respective conditions.
  • the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a each form the outlet opening of a supply duct 11c, 12c, in which the combustion mixture 15 is formed, detached from the interior 20, before it flows into this interior 20.
  • the feed channels 11c, 12c have vortex generators 11d, 12d, which integrally swirl the air 23 flowing in there.
  • a preferably gaseous fuel 24 is injected, with which the desired air / fuel mixture can then form along the remainder of the supply channels 11c, 12c before it is used as a combustion mixture 15 with an integrally identical consistency flows into the interior 20 over the entire length of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a.
  • the feed channels 11c, 12c shown here have a largely cylindrical shape, the length and flow cross-section of which are designed for optimal air / fuel premixing.
  • the flow to be formed within the supply channels 11c, 12c must be designed in such a way that there is no risk of reignition from the interior 20 if the flame front is to become unstable: due to the arrangement of the vortex generators 11d, 12d shown opposite the fuel injection 24, there is no risk of reignition.
  • the displacement of the central axes 11b, 12b has already been discussed in more detail in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in contrast to FIG. 2, supply channels which have a venturi mixer 25a, 25b at an appropriate distance from the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a.
  • the fuel injection 24 is at the narrowest point performed. There is also the greatest speed, which ensures the best possible mixture formation, again with the exclusion of a risk of reignition. Otherwise, the structure of FIG. 3 corresponds to that of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 largely corresponds to FIG. 1, in which case the inner body 13 is expanded centrally with a stream of supporting air 26, which serves as a further measure for establishing the critical swirl number at the correct location.
  • the number of shells they are not limited to two. A larger number can be used without further ado. If a spiral entry of the combustion mixture 15 into the interior 20 is desired, this can easily be achieved via a single tangential air inlet slot.
  • the premix burner to be formed by the shells consists of a coherent tube, then the tangential injections into the interior can be achieved through channel-like bushings through the wall thickness of this tube.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP96810738A 1995-12-02 1996-11-06 Brûleur à prémélange Expired - Lifetime EP0777081B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19545026 1995-12-02
DE19545026A DE19545026A1 (de) 1995-12-02 1995-12-02 Vormischbrenner

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0777081A2 true EP0777081A2 (fr) 1997-06-04
EP0777081A3 EP0777081A3 (fr) 1998-10-21
EP0777081B1 EP0777081B1 (fr) 2003-03-05

Family

ID=7779042

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96810738A Expired - Lifetime EP0777081B1 (fr) 1995-12-02 1996-11-06 Brûleur à prémélange

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5791894A (fr)
EP (1) EP0777081B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3828969B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE19545026A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0833105A3 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-21 Abb Research Ltd. Brûleur à prémélange
EP0945677A3 (fr) * 1998-03-24 2000-01-19 United Technologies Corporation Injecteur de combustible avec stabilisation de la flamme
EP0959298A3 (fr) * 1998-05-18 2000-02-23 United Technologies Corporation Injecteur de combustible à prémélange et son procédé de mise en oeuvre
WO2001096785A1 (fr) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Procede pour l'exploitation d'un bruleur et bruleur a injection etagee de gaz premelange
EP1559955A3 (fr) * 2000-06-15 2005-10-26 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Bruleur
WO2009068424A1 (fr) 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'hydrogène dans un brûleur à prémélange
CN101949540A (zh) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-19 通用电气公司 对涡轮燃烧器燃料喷嘴中火焰稳定和回火的主动控制
US8459985B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2013-06-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and burner arrangement for the production of hot gas, and use of said method
US8468833B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2013-06-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Burner arrangement, and use of such a burner arrangement
WO2015018962A3 (fr) * 2013-08-07 2015-04-09 Abengoa Hidrogeno, S. A. Brûleur intégré dans un système de reformage d'hydrocarbures et d'alcools et système de reformage d'hydrocarbures et d'alcools le comprenant, et procédé associé

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7001400A (en) * 1999-09-06 2001-04-10 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Mixing device
DE10050248A1 (de) 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner
US7721726B2 (en) 2006-01-03 2010-05-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas radiation burner
US7717105B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2010-05-18 Lg Electronics Inc. Gas radiation burner
KR100765283B1 (ko) * 2006-01-06 2007-10-09 엘지전자 주식회사 가스복사 버너
KR100751417B1 (ko) * 2006-01-20 2007-08-23 엘지전자 주식회사 가스 버너 및 이를 이용한 히팅장치
US7520272B2 (en) * 2006-01-24 2009-04-21 General Electric Company Fuel injector
KR100793758B1 (ko) * 2007-02-06 2008-01-10 엘지전자 주식회사 가스복사 버너
EP2260238B1 (fr) * 2008-03-07 2015-12-23 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur à prémélange
KR101301729B1 (ko) * 2010-08-11 2013-09-09 (주)오선텍 개질기용 버너
JP5507422B2 (ja) * 2010-11-16 2014-05-28 大阪瓦斯株式会社 予混合管状火炎バーナ
JP5370465B2 (ja) * 2011-11-18 2013-12-18 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 長火炎バーナおよびラジアントチューブ式加熱装置
JP6602004B2 (ja) * 2014-09-29 2019-11-06 川崎重工業株式会社 燃料噴射器及びガスタービン
EP3133342A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brûleur à double carburant prémélangé avec un composant d'injection éfilé de carburant liquide principal

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993017279A1 (fr) 1992-02-26 1993-09-02 United Technologies Corporation Bruleur de gaz a premelange

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE413283C (de) * 1925-05-05 Faconeisen Walzwerk L Mannstae Gasfeuerung fuer Dampfkessel und Drehtrommeln
JPH01302015A (ja) * 1988-05-30 1989-12-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃焼装置
JP2772955B2 (ja) * 1988-07-08 1998-07-09 株式会社日本ケミカル・プラント・コンサルタント 燃焼器用の燃料混合器
CH680946A5 (fr) * 1989-12-19 1992-12-15 Asea Brown Boveri
CH687831A5 (de) * 1993-04-08 1997-02-28 Asea Brown Boveri Vormischbrenner.
DE4320212A1 (de) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-22 Abb Research Ltd Feuerungsanlage
US5351477A (en) * 1993-12-21 1994-10-04 General Electric Company Dual fuel mixer for gas turbine combustor
US5461865A (en) * 1994-02-24 1995-10-31 United Technologies Corporation Tangential entry fuel nozzle

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993017279A1 (fr) 1992-02-26 1993-09-02 United Technologies Corporation Bruleur de gaz a premelange

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0833105A3 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-21 Abb Research Ltd. Brûleur à prémélange
EP0945677A3 (fr) * 1998-03-24 2000-01-19 United Technologies Corporation Injecteur de combustible avec stabilisation de la flamme
EP0959298A3 (fr) * 1998-05-18 2000-02-23 United Technologies Corporation Injecteur de combustible à prémélange et son procédé de mise en oeuvre
US6141954A (en) * 1998-05-18 2000-11-07 United Technologies Corporation Premixing fuel injector with improved flame disgorgement capacity
EP1559955A3 (fr) * 2000-06-15 2005-10-26 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Bruleur
US6769903B2 (en) 2000-06-15 2004-08-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection
WO2001096785A1 (fr) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Procede pour l'exploitation d'un bruleur et bruleur a injection etagee de gaz premelange
WO2009068424A1 (fr) 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'hydrogène dans un brûleur à prémélange
US8066509B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2011-11-29 Alstom Technology Ltd. Method and device for combusting hydrogen in a premix burner
US8459985B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2013-06-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and burner arrangement for the production of hot gas, and use of said method
US8468833B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2013-06-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Burner arrangement, and use of such a burner arrangement
CN101949540A (zh) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-19 通用电气公司 对涡轮燃烧器燃料喷嘴中火焰稳定和回火的主动控制
WO2015018962A3 (fr) * 2013-08-07 2015-04-09 Abengoa Hidrogeno, S. A. Brûleur intégré dans un système de reformage d'hydrocarbures et d'alcools et système de reformage d'hydrocarbures et d'alcools le comprenant, et procédé associé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3828969B2 (ja) 2006-10-04
JPH09178126A (ja) 1997-07-11
DE19545026A1 (de) 1997-06-05
EP0777081A3 (fr) 1998-10-21
US5791894A (en) 1998-08-11
EP0777081B1 (fr) 2003-03-05
DE59610190D1 (de) 2003-04-10

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