EP0784334B1 - Metallhalogenidlampe - Google Patents

Metallhalogenidlampe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0784334B1
EP0784334B1 EP19960120431 EP96120431A EP0784334B1 EP 0784334 B1 EP0784334 B1 EP 0784334B1 EP 19960120431 EP19960120431 EP 19960120431 EP 96120431 A EP96120431 A EP 96120431A EP 0784334 B1 EP0784334 B1 EP 0784334B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
arc
rendering index
fill
per watt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960120431
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0784334A1 (de
Inventor
William M. Keeffe
William Koenigsberg
Richard Speer
Charles Struck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Osram Sylvania Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram Sylvania Inc filed Critical Osram Sylvania Inc
Publication of EP0784334A1 publication Critical patent/EP0784334A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0784334B1 publication Critical patent/EP0784334B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high intensity discharge (HID) lamps and more particularly to such lamps having increased efficacy.
  • HID lamps are among the most efficient light sources currently available. When first introduced in 1934 as mercury lamps, such lamps had an arc length of 158 mm, a bore diameter ol 33 mm and a power input of 400 W, resulting in a power loading of 2 W/cm 2 . Efficacy was about 40 lumens per watt (LPC) and the color rendering index (CRI) was less than 20.
  • LPC lumens per watt
  • CRI color rendering index
  • GB-A 2 000 637 discloses a metal halide lamp containing a fill of mercury and argon and comprising sodium and scandium halides.
  • the wall loading is from 10 to 35 W/cm 2 .
  • These lamps are noted for their long life and good color rendering properties. These lamps comprise arc discharge envelopes of quartz having complex fills of metal halides, mercury and an inert gas.
  • the arc discharge chamber is usually enclosed within an outer envelope of a hard glass such as an aluminosilicate having good UV absorbing properties.
  • a metal halide HID lamp having even better and more efficient luminating qualities.
  • a metal halide HID lamp which comprises an outer glass envelope having a pair of electrical conductors extending into the interior thereof.
  • a quartz discharge tube is disposed within the outer envelope and includes a pair of spaced electrodes which are electrically connected to the electrical conductors for creating an electrical discharge during operation of the lamp.
  • the discharge tube has an arc chamber with the configuration of a prolate spheroid having a major cross-sectional diameter and a given arc distance as measured by the linear distance between the interior terminations of the electrodes, the ratio of the major diameter to the arc distance being less than 1 and greater than 0.9.
  • An arc generating and sustaining medium is contained within the arc chamber and includes the halides of sodium, scandium, lithium, thulium and thallium, a fill gas selected from argon and xenon, and a given quantity of mercury to achieve a desired lamp voltage.
  • the lamp is operated with a wall loading greater than 17 W/cm 2 .
  • Lamps produced as above have fulfilled these design requirements and additionally have shown better lamp-to-lamp uniformity, improved color consistency, long life, reduced near UV emission, elimination of the troublesome end paint, reduced arc mantle color separation and manufacturing cost savings by reducing the amount of chemical fill necessary for the lamp dose.
  • a metal halide arc discharge lamp 10 including a lamp envelope 12 and an arc tube 14 mounted within the envelope by mounting frame 16.
  • the arc tube may be positioned within a shroud 20 which can also be supported by the mounting frame 16.
  • Electrical energy is coupled to the arc tube 14 through a base 22, a lamp stem 24 and electrical leads 26 and 28.
  • the arc tube contains a chemical fill or dose of materials to provide light when an arc is initiated therein, as will be explained hereinafter.
  • the shroud 20 comprises a cylindrical tube of light transmissive, heat resistant material such as quartz.
  • the mounting frame 16 supports both the arc tube and the shroud within the lamp envelope 12.
  • the mounting frame 16 includes a metal support rod 30 attached to lamp stem 24 by a strap 31.
  • the support rod engages an inward projection 32 in the upper end of the lamp envelope 12.
  • the support rod 30 in its central portion is parallel to a central axis of the arc tube 14 and shroud 20.
  • the mounting means 16 further includes an upper clip 40 and a lower clip 42 which secure both arc tube 14 and shroud 20 to support rod 30.
  • the clips 40 and 42 are attached to the support rod 30, preferably by welding.
  • plot A is a lamp in accordance with the aspect of the invention described above, showing an initial value of 87 while maintaining a value of 84 at 10,000 hours.
  • Plots B, C, D and E depict prior art lamps.
  • the CCT is remarkably stable, as shown by plot A of Fig. 3, holding the initial value of 4600°K ⁇ 100°K over the 10,000 hours.
  • Plots B, C, D and E again depict prior art lamps.
  • the lumen maintenance, (Fig. 4) likewise, is remarkably constant following an initial drop which is believed to be caused by tungsten evaporation from the electrodes caused by operating the lamps above their rated wattage.
  • plot A represents a lamp in accordance with an aspect of the invention and plots B, C, D and E represent prior art lamps.
  • Plots C and D illustrate lamps operated at a conventional average low wattage power loading of 15.5 W/cm 2
  • plot E represents a prior art lamp with a conventional fill operated at 33% over the design power loading.
  • this latter lamp has a life of over 10,000 hours, its maintenance is not as good as lamps prepared with the improved chemistry and, thus, it is not a viable alternative absent the improved chemical fill of this invention.
  • the arc tube 14 is made from quartz or other suitable translucent, high temperature material and has a cavity 44 with tungsten electrodes 46 sealed therein by means of the usual molybdenum foils 48 in a press seal 50.
  • the arc tube cavity 44 has a major cross-sectional diameter Z and an arc distance Y, as measured by the linear distance between the interior terminations of the electrodes 46, and the ratio Z/Y is less than 1 and greater than 0.9.
  • Z equals 0.440 " (1.1176 cm); Y equals 0.472 " (1.1988 cm); and Z/Y equals 0.932.
  • Electrode penetration is 3 mm and the electrode tips are not at the foci of the prolate spheroid arc tube 14.
  • This arc tube has a volume of 1.167 cm 3 and an internal surface area of 5.55 cm 2 .
  • the permissible average power loading for this shape is higher than for conventional shapes for the prior art sodium-scandium-lithium chemistry, owing to the more uniform heat load upon the conformably tailored shape.
  • the permissible wall loading is unexpectedly higher for the thulium-scandium-sodium-lithium-iodides- thallium/mercury chemical dose.
  • the core temperature for the chemistry including thallium/thulium is some 850°K cooler than that with thulium alone, and some 900°K cooler than the previous standard without either the thallium or thulium.
  • lamps designated K and L represent prior art lamps having the designated fills
  • M and N represent lamps having the fills of the instant invention. From the table, it will be apparent that merely increasing the wall loading of the prior art lamps will not achieve the benefits of the instant invention. Additional increases in LPW were shown between lamp M and lamp N when the fill gas of 100 Torr argon was replaced with 100 Torr xenon.
  • the preferred mercury dose is that quantity which provides the desired lamp voltage. For example, to achieve a lamp voltage of 95 volts in the arc tube described above, a mercury dose of 15 mg is required with 0.3 mg of thallium.
  • the preferred method of dosing the thallium is as an amalgam with about 0.5 to 2 wgt. percent of the mercury; however, dosing may also be accomplished as thallium iodide.
  • the scandium is preferably added in the form of the iodide and as a 0.13 mg metallic chip to getter residual oxygen impurities and scavenge any excess iodine released by the metal iodide salts.
  • the chemical dose described herein is more tolerant of elevated power loadings heretofore found to be detrimental to long lamp life and provides for good life expectancy, LPW greater than 90; and a CCT of between 3500 and 4040 °K.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Metallhalogenidentladungslampe, die folgendes umfaßt: einen äußeren Glaskolben (12) und ein Paar sich in das Innere des Glaskolbens (12) erstreckende elektrische Leiter (26, 28) und eine innerhalb des Außenkolbens (12) angeordnete Quarzentladungsröhre (14), die ein Paar beabstandeter Elektroden (46) enthält, die mit den elektrischen Leitern elektrisch verbunden sind, um beim Betrieb der Lampe eine elektrische Entladung zu erzeugen, und ein einen Lichtbogen erzeugendes und aufrechterhaltendes Medium innerhalb der Lichtbogenkammer (14), das die Halogenide von Natrium, Scandium und Lithium, ein aus Inertgas gewähltes Füllgas und eine gegebene Menge an Quecksilber enthält, um eine gewünschte Lampenspannung zu erzielen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lichtbogenkammer (14) eine Konfiguration eines gestreckten Sphäroiden mit einem Hauptquerschnittsdurchmesser (Z) und einer gegebenen Lichtbogenentfernung, gemessen durch die lineare Entfernung zwischen den inneren Anschlüssen der Elektroden (46), aufweist, wobei das Verhältnis des Hauptdurchmessers zu der Lichtbogenentfernung unter 1 und über 0,9 ist und wobei das Medium Thallium und ein Halogenid von Thulium umfaßt und das Füllgas aus Argon und Xenon ausgewählt ist, so daß die Lampe einen Farbwiedergabeindex von über 75, eine Nennleistung von über 90 Lumen pro Watt und eine korrelierte Farbtemperatur von zwischen 3500 und 4040 K und eine Wandbelastung von über 17 W/cm2 aufweist.
  2. Lampe nach Anspruch 1, bei der es sich bei den Halogeniden um Iodide handelt.
  3. Lampe nach Anspruch 2, bei der Natrium, Scandium, Lithium, Thulium im Verhältnis von 48:1:10:16 vorliegen.
  4. Lampe nach Anspruch 3, bei der das Thallium in Form eines Amalgams dosiert ist.
  5. Lampe nach Anspruch 4, bei der die Lichtbogenkammer (14) ein Volumen von etwa 1,2 cm3 und eine Lichtbogenlänge von etwa 1,0 cm aufweist und die Füllung 15 mg Quecksilber und 0,3 mg Thallium enthält.
  6. Lampe nach Anspruch 5, bei der das Füllgas Xenon einen Kaltfülldruck von etwa 100 Torr aufweist.
  7. Lampe nach Anspruch 6, bei der der Lichtstrom pro Watt etwa 98 beträgt, die korrelierte Farbtemperatur etwa 4040 K beträgt, der Farbwiedergabeindex etwa 75 beträgt und die Wandbelastung etwa 17,8 W/cm2 beträgt.
  8. Lampe nach Anspruch 5, bei der der Lichtstrom pro Watt etwa 102 beträgt, die korrelierte Farbtemperatur etwa 3670 K beträgt, der Farbwiedergabeindex etwa 85 beträgt und die Wandbelastung etwa 26,7 W/cm2 beträgt.
  9. Lampe nach Anspruch 5, bei der das Füllgas Argon einen Kaltfülldruck von etwa 100 Torr aufweist.
  10. Lampe nach Anspruch 9, bei der der Lichtstrom pro Watt etwa 92 beträgt, die korrelierte Farbtemperatur etwa 3900 K beträgt, der Farbwiedergabeindex etwa 78 beträgt und die Wandbelastung etwa 17,8 W/cm2 beträgt.
  11. Lampe nach Anspruch 9, bei der der Lichtstrom pro Watt etwa 94 beträgt, die korrelierte Farbtemperatur etwa 3560 K beträgt, der Farbwiedergabeindex etwa 88 beträgt und die Wandbelastung etwa 26,7 W/cm2 beträgt.
EP19960120431 1996-01-11 1996-12-18 Metallhalogenidlampe Expired - Lifetime EP0784334B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58486996A 1996-01-11 1996-01-11
US584869 1996-01-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0784334A1 EP0784334A1 (de) 1997-07-16
EP0784334B1 true EP0784334B1 (de) 2000-05-03

Family

ID=24339113

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960120431 Expired - Lifetime EP0784334B1 (de) 1996-01-11 1996-12-18 Metallhalogenidlampe

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0784334B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH09199080A (de)
CN (1) CN1106671C (de)
CA (1) CA2194724A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69608089T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0837492A3 (de) * 1996-10-16 1998-05-27 Osram Sylvania Inc. Entladungslampe hoher Intensität mit einer Xenon enthaltende Füllung unter mittlerem Druck
US6157131A (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-12-05 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Metal halide lamp with frame members
US6329742B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-12-11 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Metal halide lamp with metal frame supporting a protective sleeve
DE19937312A1 (de) * 1999-08-10 2001-02-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Quecksilberfreie Metallhalogenidlampe
US7245081B2 (en) * 2003-03-03 2007-07-17 Osram-Melco Toshiba Lighting Ltd. High-intensity discharge lamp with particular metal halide gas filling and lighting device
DE602004025118D1 (de) * 2003-07-25 2010-03-04 Panasonic Corp Metallhalogenidlampe
CN102576648B (zh) * 2009-10-09 2016-01-06 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 具有交流驱动金属卤化物灯的高效率照明组件
US8497633B2 (en) 2011-07-20 2013-07-30 General Electric Company Ceramic metal halide discharge lamp with oxygen content and metallic component

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE754499A (fr) * 1969-08-08 1971-01-18 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Lampe a decharge sous haute pression, a vapeur de mercure avec additif d'halogenure metallique
DE2519377A1 (de) 1975-04-30 1976-11-11 Patra Patent Treuhand Quecksilberdampf-hochdruckentladungslampe
DE2826733C2 (de) * 1977-07-05 1982-07-29 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Hochdruck-Metalldampf-Entladungslampe
CA1324633C (en) * 1988-09-12 1993-11-23 Zeya K. Krasko Metal halide discharge lamp with improved color rendering properties
US5057743A (en) 1988-09-12 1991-10-15 Gte Products Corporation Metal halide discharge lamp with improved color rendering properties
KR0167339B1 (ko) * 1989-02-07 1999-01-15 스루오 스토무 금속 할라이드 램프
US4968916A (en) * 1989-09-08 1990-11-06 General Electric Company Xenon-metal halide lamp particularly suited for automotive applications having an improved electrode structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0784334A1 (de) 1997-07-16
CN1106671C (zh) 2003-04-23
DE69608089T2 (de) 2000-09-14
CN1165395A (zh) 1997-11-19
JPH09199080A (ja) 1997-07-31
CA2194724A1 (en) 1997-07-12
DE69608089D1 (de) 2000-06-08

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