EP0786844A2 - Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions - Google Patents

Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP0786844A2
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: electrodes; protection element; spark; surge protection; horns
Prior art date: 1993-05-31
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP97105664A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP0786844A3 (fr

EP0786844B1 (fr

Inventor

Klaus Prof.-Dr.-Ing. Scheibe

Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. Lehmann

Gerhard Oertel

Holger Dr.-Ing. Altmaier

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG

Original Assignee

Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1993-05-31

Filing date

1994-05-30

Publication date

1997-07-30

1994-01-28 Priority claimed from DE4402615A external-priority patent/DE4402615C3/de

1994-05-30 Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG

1994-05-30 Priority claimed from EP94108276A external-priority patent/EP0635919B1/fr

1997-07-30 Publication of EP0786844A2 publication Critical patent/EP0786844A2/fr

1997-10-22 Publication of EP0786844A3 publication Critical patent/EP0786844A3/fr

2001-01-17 Application granted granted Critical

2001-01-17 Publication of EP0786844B1 publication Critical patent/EP0786844B1/fr

2014-05-30 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
- H01T4/14—Arcing horns

Definitions

the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element for discharging transient overvoltages, with two electrodes, an air breakdown spark gap acting between the electrodes and a housing receiving the electrodes, each electrode having a connecting leg and a spark horn running at an acute angle to the connecting leg and the spark horns of the two electrodes, which are arranged at a distance from one another, together form the air breakdown spark gap.
Electrical, but in particular electronic measuring, control, regulating and switching circuits are sensitive to transient overvoltages, as can occur in particular due to atmospheric discharges, but also due to short circuits and switching operations in power supply networks.
This sensitivity has increased to the extent that electronic components, in particular transistors and thyristors, are used; Above all, increasingly used integrated circuits are endangered to a great extent by transient overvoltages.
overvoltage protection element from which the invention is based (cf. DE - C - 37 16 997), that is to say one with an air breakdown spark gap, there are overvoltage protection elements with an air flashover spark gap, in which, therefore, a response Sliding discharge occurs (cf. DE-A-27 18 188, DE-A-29 34 236 and DE-A-31 01 354.
Overvoltage protection elements of the type from which the invention is based i.e. those with an air breakdown spark gap, have the advantage over surge protection elements with an air flashover spark gap the advantage of a higher surge current carrying capacity, but the disadvantage of a higher - and also not particularly constant - response voltage.
the invention is based on the object of improving the overvoltage protection element from which the invention is based in terms of its overvoltage protection behavior, in particular also with regard to the response voltage, the lightning impulse current and line follow current carrying capacity behavior and the line follow current quenching behavior.
a first teaching according to the invention initially and essentially has the content that an ignition aid - which triggers a sliding discharge - is provided between the opposite ends of the connecting legs of the two electrodes.
an auxiliary air flashover spark gap is integrated in the narrowest part of the air breakdown spark gap, that is, where there is a response.
the integrated auxiliary air breakdown spark gap has a relatively constant and, above all, lower response voltage than the air breakdown spark gap, which is used for the actual surge protection.
the ignited auxiliary air breakdown spark gap leads to a "sudden" ignition of the air breakdown spark gap with a relatively high current carrying capacity, that is to say high lightning impulse current and network follow current carrying capacity.
the advantages of an air breakdown spark gap and an air flashover spark gap are thus realized and their disadvantages are eliminated.
a second teaching according to the invention initially and essentially has the content that the spark horns of the electrodes are provided in their regions adjacent to the connecting limbs with a bore running through the connecting limbs. These holes ensure that an improved ignition and arc running behavior is initiated at the moment the overvoltage protection element responds, in particular the arc is "set in motion” by a thermally atmospheric blowing in addition to the holes.
a third teaching according to the invention initially and essentially has the content that the housing consists at least partially of a plastic that does not give off carbon during combustion, or at least partially with one.
Plastic is lined.
the installation of electrodes forming an air breakdown spark gap with spark horns in a relatively small housing made of plastic, which emits carbon when heated or burned, is normally problematic.
the plastic is burned and thus an enormous amount of carbon is released.
the result is that the electrodes become dirty and there is no longer any insulation resistance.
the enormous amount of carbon in the gas mixture also affects the erasure behavior of the electrodes.
the disadvantages described above of course do not occur if, according to the invention, the housing consists at least partially of a plastic that does not give off carbon when heated or burned, or if the housing is at least partially lined with such a plastic.
a fourth teaching according to the invention initially and essentially has the content that the side walls of the housing are drawn relatively close to the spark horn of the electrodes. This teaching results in an extremely good atmospheric blowing of the arc. It runs very quickly to the tips of the spark horns, so it does not get stuck in the ignition area.
a fifth teaching according to the invention initially and essentially has the content that the housing cover adjacent to the spark horns of the electrodes consists of electrically conductive material, preferably of copper tungsten, the distance between the ends of the spark horns of the electrodes adjacent to the housing cover and then generally Housing cover is chosen so that arcing can occur between the ends of the spark horns adjacent to the housing cover and the housing cover.
the arc initially migrates from the ignition area to the tips of the spark horns. Then two arcs are formed between the tips of the spark horns and the housing cover made of electrically conductive material. The conductor loop building up ensures that the two Arcs are driven behind the spark horns.
the overvoltage protection element 1 is used to derive transient overvoltages and to limit surge currents and consists of its essential structure two electrodes 2, an air breakdown spark gap 3 acting between the electrodes 2 and a housing 4 accommodating the electrodes 2.
Each electrode 2 has a connecting leg 5 and a spark horn 6 running at an acute angle to the connecting leg 5. 1 to 3 and 6 show, the acute angle between the connecting leg 5 and the spark horn 6 relates to the functional surface of the spark horn 6.
the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 are provided in their regions adjacent to the connection limbs 5 with bores 7 running parallel to the connection limbs 5, which in the exemplary embodiment are centered in the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 are realized (cf. in particular FIGS. 4 and 5).
FIG. 2 shows an electrode 2 in which the spark horn 6 has two bores 7 provided one above the other;
a further bore 7 is realized in the electrode 2 according to FIG. 2 below the bore 7 with which the electrode 2 according to FIG. 1 is provided.
the holes 7 provided in the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 of the overvoltage protection element 1 according to the invention ensure that, when the overvoltage protection element 1 responds, that is to say ignition, the resulting arc is produced next to the holes 7 by a thermal and / or electrical and / or magnetic pressure - and / or force effect "is set in motion", that is to say moves away from its point of origin.
the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 are each provided with a chamfer 8 on both sides, are convex on their mutually facing sides, and on their sides facing away from one another with transverse to the longitudinal extension of the spark horns 6 extending slots 9 are provided; instead of the transverse slots 9 shown, longitudinal slots are also possible.
the chamfering of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 prevents material from being removed at the edges of the spark horns 6.
the preferably implemented measure of making the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 convex on their mutually facing sides has the result that the arc which arises after the surge protection element according to the invention has responded preferably arises in the center in the area of the spark horns 6 and in the center to the ends or tips of the spark horns 6 runs.
the slots 9, with which the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 are provided on their sides facing away from one another it is finally achieved that the current up to the foot of the arc must exactly follow the contour of the V-shaped air breakdown spark gap 3. This results in a magnetic blowing of the arc at its base on the opposite electrode 2.
the slots 9 have the additional advantage that the remaining material works as a particularly effective heat sink; so there is at the same time ventilation of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 from behind.
a ignition aid 10 which triggers a sliding discharge and which preferably consists of an insulating material which, in the event of a change in state, for example heating, does not release any carbon to an impairing function, and slightly, preferably 0.1 mm or more protrudes into the air breakdown spark gap 3 formed by the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2; the ignition aid 10 actually projects into the center of the bores 7 into the air breakdown spark gap 3.
the ignition aid 10 is V-shaped on its side facing the air breakdown spark gap 3 and is provided with a narrow slot 11 extending into the air breakdown spark gap 3.
the slot 11 in the ignition aid 10 has a positive influence on the response voltage.
the measures described above integrate an auxiliary air flashover spark gap into the narrowest part of the air breakdown spark gap 3, i.e. where there is a response or ignition.
This integrated auxiliary air breakdown spark gap has a relatively constant and, above all, lower response voltage than the air breakdown spark gap 3, which is used for the actual surge protection. Once triggered, at a relatively constant low response voltage, the ignited auxiliary air breakdown spark gap leads a "sudden" ignition of the air breakdown spark gap 3 with a relatively high current carrying capacity.
the case cover 13 adjacent to the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 is made of electrically conductive material, preferably of erosion-resistant material, in particular of copper tungsten.
the distance between the ends of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 and the housing cover 13 adjacent to the housing cover 13 is then selected such that arcs can occur between the ends of the spark horns 6 and the housing cover 13 adjacent to the housing cover 13.
an overvoltage protection element 1 according to the invention to which an electrode according to FIG. 2 belongs, that is to say one in which each spark horn 6 has two bores 7 provided one above the other, the second, lower bore 7 then becomes effective when the ignition aid 10 is burned down between the connecting legs 5 of the electrodes 2.
the second bore 7 thus serves as a kind of security that the surge protection element 1 according to the invention also functions in such a case.
FIGS. 7 to 10 show such a preferred embodiment of an inventive invention in constructive detail Overvoltage protection element 1.
the electrodes 2 are shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 in such a way that the air breakdown spark gap 3 opens from bottom to top.
the electrodes 2 are arranged such that the air breakdown spark gap 3 opens from top to bottom.
the housing 4 is assigned a specially designed housing cover 13.
This housing cover 13 has a dome-like shape 14, into which a holder 15 receiving the electrodes 2 is inserted.
the housing cover 13 is connected to the actual housing 2 by internal screws 16.
the housing 4 consists at least partially of a plastic that does not give off carbon when heated or burned, or is at least partially lined with such a plastic.
the second alternative is implemented; the housing 4 thus has a lining 17 made of a plastic which does not give off carbon when heated or burned.
the housing cover 13 adjacent to the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 consists of electrically conductive material
the distance between the ends of the spark horns 6 of the electrodes 2 and 6 adjacent to the housing cover 13 the housing cover 13 is selected so that arcing can occur between the ends of the spark horns 6 adjacent to the housing cover 13 and the housing cover 13.
FIGS. 7 to 9 show that the housing 4 - and accordingly also the housing cover 13 - is asymmetrical.
the screws 16 with which the housing cover 13 is connected to the housing 4 and on the other hand connection body 20 for connecting electrical lines (not shown).
Blow-out openings 21 are realized below the screws 16, with which the housing cover 13 is connected to the housing 14.
Essential to the invention is also the structural design of the housing 4 shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 and the arrangement of the electrodes 2 in the housing 4 or in the housing cover 13, also to the extent that this is only shown in detail in FIGS. 7 to 10, thus also to the extent that this has not been described above, in particular also to the extent that patent claims are not directed to these structural details.

Landscapes

Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

EP97105664A 1993-05-31 1994-05-30 Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions Expired - Lifetime EP0786844B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE4317933		1993-05-31
DE4317933		1993-05-31
DE4402615A DE4402615C3 (de)	1993-05-31	1994-01-28	Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4402615		1994-01-28
EP94108276A EP0635919B1 (fr)	1993-05-31	1994-05-30	Elément servant de protection contre les surtensions

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP94108276.0 Division		1994-05-30
EP94108276A Division EP0635919B1 (fr)	1993-05-31	1994-05-30	Elément servant de protection contre les surtensions

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP0786844A2 true EP0786844A2 (fr)	1997-07-30
EP0786844A3 EP0786844A3 (fr)	1997-10-22
EP0786844B1 EP0786844B1 (fr)	2001-01-17

Family

ID=27205139

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP97105664A Expired - Lifetime EP0786844B1 (fr)	1993-05-31	1994-05-30	Dispositif dérivateur de surtensions

Country Status (3)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5604400A (fr)
EP (1)	EP0786844B1 (fr)
DE (3)	DE4447567B4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE19818674B4 (de)	1998-04-27	2004-04-29	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg	Überspannungsschutzelement
DE10008764A1 (de)	1999-03-04	2000-09-28	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co	Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
US7023307B2 (en) *	2003-11-06	2006-04-04	Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.	Electro-magnetically enhanced current interrupter
DE10357945A1 (de) *	2003-12-09	2005-07-14	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg	Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE202004020260U1 (de) *	2004-12-28	2005-02-24	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg	Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US1144029A (en) *	1913-03-19	1915-06-22	Gen Electric	Protective device.
CH391069A (de) *	1961-03-23	1965-04-30	Licentia Gmbh	Magnetisch beblasene Löschfunkenstrecke für Überspannungsableiter
GB939459A (en) *	1962-08-14	1963-10-16	Licentia Gmbh	Improvements in and relating to arc gap devices
CH465046A (de) *	1968-01-11	1968-11-15	Sprecher & Schuh Ag	Löschfunkenstreckenanordnung, insbesondere für Überspannungsableiter
US3780350A (en) *	1971-12-16	1973-12-18	Gen Signal Corp	Surge arrester
US3795840A (en) *	1972-11-29	1974-03-05	Nasa	Overvoltage protection network
US3968393A (en) *	1975-03-27	1976-07-06	Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.	Spark gap device for a lightning arrestor
FR2337417A1 (fr) *	1975-12-30	1977-07-29	Comp Generale Electricite	Eclateur declenche dans un gaz
US4100588A (en) *	1977-03-16	1978-07-11	General Electric Company	Electrical overvoltage surge arrester with varistor heat transfer and sinking means
DE2718188C3 (de) *	1977-04-23	1984-07-05	Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 8500 Nürnberg	Überspannungsschutzgerät
US4249224A (en) *	1979-03-07	1981-02-03	Reliable Electric Company	Surge voltage arrester with fail-safe feature
DE2934236C2 (de) *	1979-08-24	1983-02-24	Aeg-Telefunken Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 6000 Frankfurt	Überspannungsableiter mit Funkenstrecke
DE2934235A1 (de) *	1979-08-24	1981-03-26	Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 71522 Backnang	Netzanschluss mit ueberspannungsableitern
DE3016265C2 (de) *	1980-04-26	1984-05-17	ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang	Überspannungsableiter mit Funkenstrecke
DE3100924A1 (de) *	1981-01-14	1982-08-05	Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München	"gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter"
DE3101354C2 (de) *	1981-01-17	1984-11-29	Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 8500 Nürnberg	Funkenstrecke für die Begrenzung von Überspannungen
DE3716997A1 (de) *	1987-05-21	1988-12-08	Phoenix Elekt	Ueberspannungsschutzgeraet
DE4141681C2 (de) *	1991-12-17	1996-11-14	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co	Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4141682C2 (de) *	1991-12-17	1996-09-26	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co	Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4244051C2 (de) *	1992-12-28	1996-03-14	Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co	Überspannungsschutzelement

1994
- 1994-01-28 DE DE4447567.5T patent/DE4447567B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 DE DE59409641T patent/DE59409641D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 DE DE59406601T patent/DE59406601D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 EP EP97105664A patent/EP0786844B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
1996
- 1996-04-10 US US08/631,825 patent/US5604400A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
DE59409641D1 (de)	2001-02-22
EP0786844A3 (fr)	1997-10-22
EP0786844B1 (fr)	2001-01-17
US5604400A (en)	1997-02-18
DE4447567B4 (de)	2019-01-03
DE59406601D1 (de)	1998-09-10

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Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE4402615C2 (de)	1996-04-11	Überspannungsschutzelement
EP0706245B1 (fr)	2000-06-07	Elément de protection contre les surtensions
EP1033798B1 (fr)	2005-01-26	Dispositif de suppression de surtensions
DE102011102937B4 (de)	2017-03-02	Anordnung zur Zündung von Funkenstrecken
DE19717802A1 (de)	1998-11-05	Funkenstrecke
DE4141681C2 (de)	1996-11-14	Überspannungsschutzelement
EP1423894B1 (fr)	2007-05-02	Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
EP1456921A1 (fr)	2004-09-15	Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
EP0600222A1 (fr)	1994-06-08	Dispositif pouvant supporter un courant de foudre, muni d'au moins deux éclateurs connectés en série
EP0635919B1 (fr)	1998-08-05	Elément servant de protection contre les surtensions
DE4439730C2 (de)	1996-09-26	Überspannungsschutzelement
EP1692751B1 (fr)	2011-01-19	Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
DE4244051C2 (de)	1996-03-14	Überspannungsschutzelement
DE4447567B4 (de)	2019-01-03	Überspannungsschutzelement
DE10146728B4 (de)	2007-01-04	Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE4435968C2 (de)	1996-09-12	Überspannungsschutzelement
EP1461852A1 (fr)	2004-09-29	Systeme multipolaire de protection contre les surtensions et procede de fonctionnement fiable d'un systeme multipolaire de protection contre les surtensions
DE3910435C2 (fr)	1991-02-07
DE4141682A1 (de)	1993-07-29	Ueberspannungsschutzelement
WO2002009251A2 (fr)	2002-01-31	Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
DE1908152A1 (de)	1969-10-23	Funkenstreckenanordnung fuer UEberschlagssicherung
EP0920098B1 (fr)	2003-09-17	Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions
AT17235U1 (de)	2021-10-15	Leiterplatte mit Schutzelement
DE2140876A1 (de)	1972-02-24	Funkenstreckenanordnung
DE10120563A1 (de)	2002-11-07	Überspannungsschutzelement und Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung