EP0804220A1 - Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un sel d'acide clavulanique, de la vancomycine et une ou plusieurs beta-lactamines - Google Patents

Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un sel d'acide clavulanique, de la vancomycine et une ou plusieurs beta-lactamines

Info

Publication number
EP0804220A1
EP0804220A1 EP96901332A EP96901332A EP0804220A1 EP 0804220 A1 EP0804220 A1 EP 0804220A1 EP 96901332 A EP96901332 A EP 96901332A EP 96901332 A EP96901332 A EP 96901332A EP 0804220 A1 EP0804220 A1 EP 0804220A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vancomycin
clavulanic acid
formulation
clavulanate
combination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96901332A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Valerie Berry
Joanna Bryant
Gary Woodnutt
Stewart Pearson
Iain Simpson
Roland Moore
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SmithKline Beecham Ltd
Original Assignee
SmithKline Beecham Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SmithKline Beecham Ltd filed Critical SmithKline Beecham Ltd
Publication of EP0804220A1 publication Critical patent/EP0804220A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/14—Peptides containing saccharide radicals; Derivatives thereof, e.g. bleomycin, phleomycin, muramylpeptides or vancomycin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Definitions

  • compositions comprising a salt of clavulanic acid, vancomycin and one or more beta-lactam antibiotics
  • This invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations, in particular to novel uses of formulations in connection with the treatment of infection by bacteria. 5
  • MRS methicillin resistant staphylococci
  • Most of these organisms are resistant to a number of drugs, posing a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapy.
  • Glycopeptides are the main treatment for MRS infections and bacterial resistance to this class of compounds would have major implications.
  • Vancomycin is a known glycopeptide antibiotic, usually administered in the form of its hydrochloride.
  • vancomycin used herein includes vancomycin itself and all its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid, in combination with vancomycin
  • the present invention also provides a method of use of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid and vancomycin, and one or more ⁇ -lactam antibiotics, together in combination in the manufacture of a medicament formulation, particularly a formulation for the treatment of infection of humans or
  • the present invention further provides a method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation as defined above, which method comprises admixing the combination of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid, and vancomycin and one or more ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • compositions As salts of clavulanic acid are extremely hygroscopic such formulations must be prepared in dry conditions, typically at a relative humidity of 30% or less. All constituents of the formulation should be predried. Dry formulations for aqueous reconstitution may be made up with an aqueous vehicle shortly before use.
  • the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical formulation as
  • the present invention also provides the use of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid to enhance the antibacterial effectiveness of the combination of vancomycin and one or more ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • the invention provides a method for the treatment of an infection by bacteria in humans or animals, which comprises administering thereto, simultaneously or successively in any order, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid and vancomycin, and one or more ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid and vancomycin and one or more ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • the clavulanic acid and vancomycin may be co-administered together, optionally also together with one or more ⁇ -lactam antibiotics, e.g. as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • formulations and methods of the invention are suitable for use in the treatment of infection by bacteria in humans or animals, particularly of MRS, for example Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.
  • the most pharmaceutically stable salt of clavulanic acid is the potassium salt, i.e. potassium clavulanate.
  • Suitable ⁇ -lactam antibiotics which may be included in the formulations and methods of this invention as described herein include penicillins and cephalosporins.
  • Suitable antibiotics include those for example listed in GB 1578739, e.g. on page 3 line 25 to 36 thereof.
  • Suitable ⁇ -lactam antibiotics include the penicillins: amoxycillin, ampicillin, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, benzyl- penicillin, bacampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, cyclacillin, dicloxicillin, epicillin, flucloxacillin, lenampicillin, mecillinam, methicillin, mezlocillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, pivampicillin, propicillin, sulbenicillin, talampicillin, and ticarcillin; and the cephalosporins: cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefatrizine, cefclidine, cefamandole, cefazolin, cefbuperazone, cefcanel daloxate, cefdinir, cefepime, cefetamet pivoxil, cefixime, ceftninox,
  • ceftnetazole cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefoxitin, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefrirome, cefpodoxime proxetil ,cefprozil, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime axetil, cefuroxime, cephacetrile, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephamanadole nafate, cephapirin, cephoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftizonam, cephradine, loracarbef, DQ 2556, ME1207, S-1006, SCE-2787 and moxalactam.
  • Amoxycillin and ticarcillin are preferred ⁇ -lactam antibiotics, for example amoxycillin used in the form of sodium amoxycillin, for example as spray-dried sodium amoxycillin or as anhydrous crystalline sodium amoxycillin in the form described in EP 0131147, and ticarcillin in the form of its sodium salt.
  • the clavulanic acid and vancomycin and ⁇ -lactam antibiotics, as used in this invention, whether in the form of the free acids, salts, esters or derivatives thereof are preferably each in a substantially pure form, e.g. at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure, preferably at least 85% especially at least 98% pure on a weight basis.
  • the formulations of the invention may be in a form adapted for parenteral use, i.e. the manner in which vancomycin is normally administered and may be used for the treatment of infection in humans and animals especially mammals, including in particular domesticated animals (including farm animals).
  • the formulations of the invention may, for example, be made up in the form of tablets, suspensions, solutions, reconstitutable powders, and sterile forms suitable for injection or infusion.
  • Such formulations may contain conventional pharmaceutically acceptable materials, for example solid or liquid diluents, colours and preservatives, in accordance with conventional pharmaceutical practice in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art of formulating antibiotics. Normally all such ingredients are predried. Aqueous solutions are normally provided in the form of dry ingredients for reconstitution immediately prior to use.
  • the compounds are present in sterile form, including in sterile crystalline form.
  • a further preferred form of the formulation of the invention is one in which the formulation is in injectable or infusable form.
  • One injectable or infusable form of the formulation of the invention is an injectable or infusable solution, which suitably comprises an aqueous solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clavulanic acid and vancomycin, and optionally one or more other antimicrobial agents, in a sterile pyrogen-free liquid, for example water or aqueous ethanol. Because of the water sensitivity of salts of clavulanic acid such a formulation should be provided as the dry constituents and be made up with water immediately prior to use.
  • a further injectable or infusable form of the formulation of the invention is an injectable or infusable suspension, in which case the salt of clavulanic acid, and vancomycin are advantageously present in finely paniculate form.
  • the suspension may be an aqueous suspension in, for example, sterile water or sterile saline, which may additionally include a suspending agent, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • the suspension may be an oily suspension in a pharmaceutically acceptable oil suspending agent, for example arachis oil, which should be dry. Because of the water sensitivity of clavulanic acid salts such aqueous suspensions should be made up from dry constituents immediately prior to use.
  • a formulation according to the invention may be in unit dosage form, for example unit dosage form for parenteral administration, which will primarily include administration by injection or infusion, especially intramuscular and intravenous administration.
  • the formulation may comprise the vancomycin, and the ⁇ -lactam antibiotic / clavulanate combination presented in separate dosage forms, for administration together or sequentially.
  • these constituents and suitable excipients (which will be apparent to those skilled in the art) may be presented in separate vials for making up into a solution or suspension for injection or infusion.
  • the vancomycin may be administered to the patient in an antibacterially effective amount
  • the salt of clavulanic acid may be administered in an amount effective to inhibit ⁇ -lactamase enzymes.
  • the salt of clavulanic acid will generally be administered in an amount sufficient to inhibit the ⁇ -lactamase enzyme(s) associated with infecting bacterial and/or bacterial organism(s). To that end, it may suitably be administered to the patient at a daily dosage of from 0.3 to 15 mg/kg, preferably from 0.7 to 10 mg/kg, for example from 0.7 to 7 mg/kg, of body weight, expressed in terms of parent clavulanic acid. For an adult human (of approximately 70 kg body weight), from 25 to 1000 mg, preferably from 50 to 500 mg, of the salt of clavulanic acid may be administered daily, suitably in from 1 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4, separate doses. Higher or lower dosages may, however, be used in accordance with clinical practice.
  • each unit dose may suitably comprise from 12.5 to 1000 mg, preferably from 12.5 to 250 mg, of the salt of clavulanic acid.
  • Each unit dose may, for example, be 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, or 250 mg of the salt of clavulanic acid.
  • the ratio of the amount of the salt of clavulanic acid used according to the invention : amount of ⁇ -lactam antibiotic(s) present may vary within a wide range, e.g. 1:1 to 1:30 by weight.
  • the said ratio may, for example, be from 1: 1 to 1 :12; more particularly, it may, for example, be from 1 : 1 to 1:7, 1:1 to 1:4 or 1:1 to 1:2, by weight.
  • any ⁇ -lactam antibiotic(s), such as amoxycillin or ticarcillin, e.g. as the respective sodium salt in a formulation according to the invention will normally be approximately similar to the amount in which it is conventionally used per se.
  • amoxycillin for example from 125 to 3000 mg per day, and from 125 to 3000 mg per unit dose, advantageously from about 125 to 1000 mg per unit dose, from 2 to 4 times daily may be administered.
  • ticarcillin for example a maximum of 5 g eight hourly, or 7g twelve hourly may be administered.
  • the amount of vancomycin, e.g. as the hydrochloride, in a formulation according to the invention will normally be approximately similar to the amount in which it is conventionally used per se.
  • amount in which it is conventionally used per se For example in the case of adults up to 2000 mg per day may be administered, typically in divided doses by i.v. infusion over 60 minutes, and in the case of children up to 40 mg/kg daily in divided doses by slow i.v. infusion over 60 minutes. These weights are expressed in terms of the parent free acid.
  • An example of a suitable formulation for parenteral administration according to this invention is one comprising from 12.5 to 250mg, preferably from 25 to 125 mg, of potassium clavulanate, in admixture or conjunction with 100 to 500 mg of vancomycin thereof per unit dose, optionally also comprising 125 to 3000 mg of sodium amoxycillin or sodium ticarcillin.
  • AMX amoxycillin
  • CA clavulanic acid, used in the form of potassium clavulanate.
  • Example 1 Enhanced efficacy of amoxycillin / clavulanate in combination with vancomycin against experimental staphylococcal endocarditis in rats- Animals were infected with i.v. S. aureus El 64 (MRS A) to produce endocarditis. Therapy (s.c.) was initiated at either 8 or 24 h post infection and continued for 4 days. Vegetations were harvested 96h post infection or at death if occurring earlier.
  • MRS A i.v. S. aureus El 64
  • Amoxycillin / clavulanate (200/20 mg/kg) + vancomycin (80 mg/kg) administered at 8h post infection reduced bacterial numbers significantly (3.4 __i__2.4 logiocfu/veg; p ⁇ 0.01) compared with either agent given alone (5.9 _ 2.5 and 6.3 _ ⁇ 2.5 logjocru/veg respectively). Reducing either the amoxycillin / clavulanate (100/20 mg/kg) or the vancomycin (40 mg/kg) component did not result in loss of efficacy with the antibiotic combination.
  • Example 2 Synergistic activity of vancomycin and ticarcillin / clavulanate against MRS.
  • FICs were determined in chequerboard tests for ticarcillin / clavulanate and vancomycin against 19 MRS. Synergy was demonstrated against 6/14 MRS A and 5/5 methicillin resistant stapylococcus epidermis (MRSE). Additivity was observed with all other strains. Bactericidal activity of these agents alone and in combination was assessed by viable count and flow cytometry (FC). Vancomycin at 0.25 mcg/ml (1/4 MIC) had no effect and ticarcillin / clavulanate at 8/2 mcg/ml was essentially bacteriostatic.
  • Example 3 Synergistic activity of vancomycin and amoxycillin / clavulanate against MRSE.
  • Methicillin resistant stapylococcus epidermis 100710 was cultured overnight in 9ml Difco Mueller (MH) broth at 37° C. At time zero 20 ml of pre- warmed MH broth was inoculated with 20 mc.L of the starter culture (10 3 diln.) in 100 ml conical flasks. Antibiotic concentrations were added to measured concentrations and the following results were observed:
  • AMX/CA at MIC (1/0.5 mcg/ml) was essentially bacteriostatic over the first 8 hours with a 2 log, 0 increase in growth by 24 hours.
  • Vancomycin at MIC (4.00 mcg/ml) was rapidly bactericidal. A 4 log )0 drop in cell viability was observed over 6 hours with no subsequent regrowth at 24 hours.
  • Example 4 Efficacy of amoxycillin / clavulanate co-administered with vancomycin against experimental endocarditis in rats caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.
  • AMX/CA and vancomycin were administered to infected rats by subcutaneous injection to groups of rats commencing 8h, 12h or 24h post infection and continuing t.i.d or q.i.d for 3 or 4 days. Further groups of rats received phosphate buffered saline and served as controls. Animals were weighed daily and were assessed for signs of endocarditis at least 5 times daily.
  • Example 5 Synergistic activity of vancomycin and ticarcillin /clavulanate against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus V12181.
  • MRSA and MRSE strains were also investigated in this manner: MRSA strains; V573, VI 1268, 468, ROWBOTTOM, 68/8684, V331 , W0206, 453, E164, V8535, V924, 13136mec2a+bla+, 13136mec2a+bla-, MRSE strains; 3/02302, S1187, 100710, 57811, 59356.
  • Synergy defined as an FIC of _ ⁇ .0.5 was noted with 6/14 MRSA and 5/5 MRSE, was observed in vitro between ticarcillin/clavulanate in this experiment.
  • MRSA concentrations of ticarcillin / clavulanate and vancomycin that were not bactericidal in their own right, were rapidly bactericidal in combination, even at 1/4 MIC, and there was no regrowth by 24 hours.
  • Example 6 Effect of extended dosing schedules of amoxycillin/ clavulanate co-administered with vancomycin against experimental endocarditis in rats caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable d'acide clavulanique, en particulier du clavulanate de potassium, en association avec de la vancomycine, et une ou plusieurs β-lactamines, en particulier de l'amoxycilline de sodium et de la ticarcilline de sodium. Ces formulations se prêtent à une administration parentérale pour le traitement des infections à staphylocoques résistantes à la méthicilline.
EP96901332A 1995-01-19 1996-01-17 Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un sel d'acide clavulanique, de la vancomycine et une ou plusieurs beta-lactamines Withdrawn EP0804220A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9500978.3A GB9500978D0 (en) 1995-01-19 1995-01-19 Pharmaceutical formulations
GB9500978 1995-01-19
PCT/EP1996/000302 WO1996022105A1 (fr) 1995-01-19 1996-01-17 Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un sel d'acide clavulanique, de la vancomycine et une ou plusieurs beta-lactamines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804220A1 true EP0804220A1 (fr) 1997-11-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96901332A Withdrawn EP0804220A1 (fr) 1995-01-19 1996-01-17 Formulations pharmaceutiques comprenant un sel d'acide clavulanique, de la vancomycine et une ou plusieurs beta-lactamines

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0804220A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11501904A (fr)
GB (1) GB9500978D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996022105A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1848413B1 (fr) 2005-02-14 2014-04-09 Venus Remedies Limited Therapie combinatoire parenterale pour etats infectieux generes par une bacterie multiresistante aux antibiotiques

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9622105A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9500978D0 (en) 1995-03-08
JPH11501904A (ja) 1999-02-16
WO1996022105A1 (fr) 1996-07-25

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