EP0806623A1 - Projectile porteur stabilisé en rotation - Google Patents

Projectile porteur stabilisé en rotation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0806623A1
EP0806623A1 EP96110368A EP96110368A EP0806623A1 EP 0806623 A1 EP0806623 A1 EP 0806623A1 EP 96110368 A EP96110368 A EP 96110368A EP 96110368 A EP96110368 A EP 96110368A EP 0806623 A1 EP0806623 A1 EP 0806623A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
payload
chamber
jacket
grooves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96110368A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0806623B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Ettmueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RWM Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0806623A1 publication Critical patent/EP0806623A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0806623B1 publication Critical patent/EP0806623B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/60—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected radially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spin-stabilizable projectile containing a payload according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Projectiles of this type can carry various types of payloads; They are used not only for military but also for civil, for example meteorological, purposes, and they can be used for different uses, i.e. soil / soil, soil / air, air / soil and air / air.
  • the term “payload” is intended to denote the amount of the transport goods accommodated in the payload chamber. Efforts are therefore made to make the best possible use of the space available in the payload chamber, ie to accommodate the payload in the densest possible packing in the payload chamber. The best use of space is achieved Payload is equal to the cross section of the payload chamber; If the payload is divided into columns, as is often the case, the best use of space is achieved if the cross-section of the columns is such that they can be arranged across the board.
  • the payload has been released by detonating the profile jacket by igniting a burst charge and / or ejecting the sub-projectiles from the profile jacket by igniting an ejection charge, requiring a significant amount of explosive for both the burst charge and the ejection charge.
  • a relatively large amount of explosive in the projectile one was forced to limit the payload accordingly, which of course was not desirable.
  • the opening charge only serves to create lateral openings in the projectile jacket along a plurality of jacket lines, whereupon the parts of the projectile jacket which are released in the process move in a tangential direction relative to the rest of the projectile; this releases the payload that is no longer held by the profile jacket.
  • the payload emerges as follows: the projectile jacket exerts a centripetal force on the payload, which rotates around the longitudinal axis of the projectile due to the swirl of the projectile. This centripetal force ceases when the projectile jacket is destroyed by creating the passages in the projectile jacket by means of the opening charge, so that the payload leaves its original location under the action of the centrifugal force and moves away tangentially from the projectile or from the rest of the project. The resulting tangential component of the speed of the payload is added to the axial component of the speed of the payload, which is the same in magnitude and direction as the flight speed of the projectile.
  • each column continues to fly at a certain angle of departure relative to the trajectory of the projectile, with the trajectory of the columns generating one Form cones, the axis of which is the trajectory of the projectile and the tip of which is the place where the payload is released.
  • the payload also rotates around itself, i.e. with the rotation around the projectile axis.
  • a self-rotation which is to be referred to as swirl.
  • the payload rotates on its own axis both before and after it is released; the advantageous effect of this inherent rotation or of this swirl is discussed in more detail below.
  • the payload In order for the twist of the projectile to be transferred to the payload and the aforementioned tangential component of the speed to emerge from which it is removed from the payload chamber, the payload must be fixed in the payload chamber in such a way that it does not rotate relative to the projectile jacket is in a previously known projectile according to US-603,525, in which the payload is divided into coaxial columns, the payload chamber formed so that it has axially extending, approximately semi-cylindrical grooves, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the columns and in which the columns are arranged are.
  • the projectile jacket In order to open the projectile jacket as intended in zones along the longitudinally provided jacket lines and also to keep the amount of the explosive required as low as possible, the projectile jacket is designed in known projectiles in such a way that it has several, at least approximately axially arranged, distributed over the circumference has predetermined breaking zones along which it opens for the columns under the action of the ignited explosive.
  • such predetermined breaking zones occur, although they are not expressly designated as such, by the above-mentioned grooves with an approximately semi-cylindrical shape, which, as described above, for tangential fixing of the outer layer of the columns lying on the projectile jacket serve relative to the projectile.
  • these grooves extend axially along the inner wall of the subprojectile chamber and have the consequence that the projectile jacket has changing wall thicknesses in the circumferential direction, the predetermined breaking zones naturally also the areas of the smallest wall thickness coincide.
  • the predetermined breaking zones are more efficient the more abruptly the wall thickness changes.
  • the object of the invention is therefore seen in creating a projectile of the type mentioned at the outset which does not have this disadvantage and in which the payload is not damaged before and during its release.
  • the forces arising as a result of the explosion of the opening charge must not affect the payload via the partition, but the area around the explosive chamber must be designed so that a flow of force occurs that essentially only results in the opening of the projectile jacket.
  • the projectile according to the invention thus differs from the projectile according to the prior art mentioned in that the partition is stable, that it is integrally formed on the projectile jacket or is firmly connected to the projectile jacket, and that, due to an axial damping arrangement, the forces generated when the opening charge explodes act immediately on the project jacket and primarily result in the opening of the projectile jacket so that the payload is not damaged.
  • This has the further advantage that no explosives are used uselessly, so that the smallest possible amount of explosives can be used and the largest possible payload can be installed accordingly.
  • the damping arrangement can be realized by an air-filled gap, through which the explosive from the Partition is spaced while it lies close to the explosive chamber wall in the radial direction.
  • the gap can of course also be filled with a damping mass.
  • the projectile jacket So that the projectile jacket really tears open as intended in the axially running predetermined breaking zones, its wall thickness should be dimensioned such that it decreases in the axial direction from the back to the front; so that the tearing is not stopped at the location of a reinforcement of the wall;
  • project coats with a constant wall thickness are selected, which are easier to manufacture and which also achieve satisfactory results. Functionally disadvantageous and therefore projectile coats with increasing wall thickness are to be avoided.
  • the payload can be formed by a single column; in most cases, however, it is divided into several coaxial columns arranged side by side.
  • the payload In order for the payload to move away from the projectile's trajectory as intended, it must perform a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the project before it is released or rotate together with the projectile. For this purpose, it must be fastened in the projectile in such a way that it rotates together with the projectile or does not rotate relative to the projectile.
  • the payload divided into columns is indeed very well fixed in that the columns lying on the projectile jacket engage with grooves with practically semicircular profiles with almost half their circumference.
  • the curvatures of the profiles of the grooves are chosen such that they are in any case less than the curvatures of the cross sections of the subprojectiles, even if their radii are within a relatively large tolerance range.
  • the profiles or cross sections of the grooves can be formed by different curves.
  • grooves are generally preferred whose profiles are circular arc sections, so that the grooves themselves have the shape of cylindrical sectors.
  • the grooves are preferably dimensioned and arranged so that the packing density of the payload is practically optimal, ie as tight as it is for columns with the same circular shape Cross sections are possible at all, although certain deviations of the column mass from the nominal dimension should be permissible.
  • the grooves should be dimensioned and arranged so that the angle of rotation of the payload relative to the payload chamber is as small as possible.
  • the columns of the payload are arranged in such a way that their envelope curve forms an n-corner, preferably a regular hexagon, in cross-section, and that n grooves are provided, which are arranged in n / 2 groups of two grooves each , whereby the angular spacing of the groups is 360 degrees / (n / 2) and the mutual spacing of the groups is of course larger than the spacing of the grooves of a group.
  • the axial fixing device for the payload is fastened to the projectile jacket by means of a screw connection , since this allows the length of the payload chamber to be adapted to the length of the payload in the sense of tolerance compensation.
  • a further length adjustment of the payload chamber can be achieved if the axial fixing device is designed in such a way that it has an extension projecting into the payload chamber.
  • the payload is often divided into axial columns. The number of columns is arbitrary upwards and depends, among other things. depending on the characteristics and purposes of the payload. In addition to this division in the axial direction, the columns can be divided into column sections transversely to their longitudinal direction or consist of column sections, whereby these column sections - like the one-piece columns - need not be prismatic or non-cylindrical.
  • the payload consists partly or exclusively of sub-projectiles. As is also possible for other payloads, these can take up the entire length of a column or can be stacked together to form a column.
  • subprojectile is intended not only to refer to ammunition of various types but also to all types of payloads from which a specific onward flight on a defined trajectory is expected after their release. While with the previously mentioned payloads only a release by the projectile was intended at a certain point in time or at a certain place, and the onward flight of the payload was of secondary importance, subprojectiles have the additional requirement that their flight after the release by the projectile to continue individually in a predetermined manner.
  • the hit pattern or the subprojectile distribution that can be achieved with this is of great importance for the efficiency of the weapon system, of which they form a part. It is known and easy to see that projectiles in which the subprojectiles are not subdivided in the axial direction result in a subprojectile distribution in which the same subprojectiles are located on a circle at the same distance from the projectile axis, the originally being close to the projectile axis Subprojectiles arrive at a circle with the smallest radius, while the subprojectiles originally arranged at greater distances from the projectile axis can be found on circles with larger radii concentric to the circle mentioned.
  • a greatly improved hit pattern can now be achieved according to the following explanations.
  • different types of sub-projectiles can be built into the projectiles according to the invention. Taking advantage of the fact that the payload chamber opens under the effect of the ignited opening charge essentially along a surface line similar to a zipper from the back to the front, a particularly advantageous hit pattern or a particularly good distribution of the subprojectiles can be achieved if subprojectiles are used, which are stacked in a row in a stack to form the pillars of the payload.
  • the opening of the payload chamber begins at the back and continues towards the front; while the payload chamber is being opened, the spin-stabilized projectile continues to rotate about the projectile longitudinal axis; this means that the subprojectiles of a column are not released at the same time, but that the rear subprojectile is released from the payload chamber first can emerge, whereupon it is followed at regular intervals by the other subprojectiles of the same column until the last subprojectile has left the payload chamber as the last subprojectile.
  • subprojectiles of a column essentially reach an at least approximately circular arc.
  • subprojectiles of a column which are all released simultaneously, hardly distribute, so that their hit pattern lies on a very short section of a radial beam and shrinks almost to a point. It is easy to see that thanks to the progressive opening of the payload chamber, the probability of a hit is increased significantly without the use of additional subprojectiles.
  • the hit pattern or subprojectile distribution generally also depends on the distance of the projectiles from the longitudinal axis of the projectile. Subprojectiles of a first pillar, which is closer to the projectile longitudinal axis, will therefore be found on an arc section whose radius is smaller than the radius of the circle, on which subprojectiles of a second pillar come from near the projectile jacket.
  • the projectile according to the invention is designed in such a way that the payload or the sub-projectiles are released undisturbed, so that they maintain a swirl stabilization and continue to move in a predeterminable manner due to the maintenance of their swirl. Since the problem of swirl stabilization of the subsidiary storeys is mastered, it is possible to provide daughter storeys of various designs, in particular those whose front part has a shape for which the external and / or end ballistic performance is optimal.
  • the projectile according to the invention can be designed to be polyvalent as described below.
  • a large number of conventional similar projectiles are designed in such a way that they only develop their optimum effect by sub-projectile hits, i.e. when the sub-projectiles are released in flight, but not by projectile hits, also called direct hits, before the projectile is released.
  • the projectile according to the invention can be designed such that there is a good effect even when the projectile is hit.
  • a device is arranged in the area in front of the subprojectile chamber within the ballistic hood or ogive, which acts as a penetrator or plow to a certain extent in the event of a direct hit.
  • the ballistic hood is advantageously attached to the projectile jacket in such a way that it tends to press the envelope radially away on impact; This has the favorable effect that not only does penetration into the target object take place under the action of the penetrator, but that the subprojectiles can also diverge radially.
  • the spin-stabilizable projectile contains a projectile body with a projectile jacket 1 , preferably made of light metal, a ballistic hood 2 attached to the front of the projectile jacket 1 and an igniter 3 attached to the rear part of the projectile jacket 2 , which in this exemplary embodiment is designed as a programmable timer.
  • a projectile jacket 1 preferably made of light metal
  • a ballistic hood 2 attached to the front of the projectile jacket 1
  • an igniter 3 attached to the rear part of the projectile jacket 2 , which in this exemplary embodiment is designed as a programmable timer.
  • another igniter for example a distance igniter, the ignition of which is triggered by transmission means.
  • the detonator can also be arranged on the front part of the projectile jacket, with the disadvantage that this results in an axially continuous ignition channel, so that the cross-sectional area available for the payload is smaller.
  • the projectile furthermore has a payload chamber 4 for a payload 5 fixed therein, a detonator space 6 , a guide band 8 and 6 arranged behind the payload chamber 4 and partially separated by a web-like partition 7 Indentations 9 for attachment to a cartridge case, not shown.
  • An axial fixing device which is designed as a retaining screw 10 , holds the payload 5 fixed in the axial direction and connects the projectile jacket 1 to the ballistic hood or ogive. 2.
  • a known time fuse 3 includes an igniter housing 11, a data receiver coil 12, a power supply 13, for example with a shock generator, an electronic time fuse module 14, an igniter 15, a detonator 16 and arranged in a explosive chamber Oe Avenuesladung 17 .
  • An explosive charge is provided as the opening charge 17 , which in the radial direction is in full contact in the detonator or time fuse 3 and / or in a projectile shell part 1A connected to the projectile jacket 1 and in the axial direction at a distance which forms a damping arrangement 18 from the web-like partition 7 is arranged.
  • the opening charge 17 can be arranged directly in the projectile body part 1A , in which case the ignition chain to the detonator or timer 3 or detonator 16 must be ensured.
  • the damping arrangement 18 can be in the form of an air gap between the web-like partition 7 and the opening charge 17 , as shown in FIG. 1 , or for example in the form of a material 18A arranged between the web-like partition 7 and the opening charge 17 with damping properties, as shown in FIG 4 , be formed.
  • the payload 5 derives from a large number of cylindrical sub-projectiles 20 made of heavy metal, which form a plurality of columns 21 in the payload chamber 4 in a coaxial arrangement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the project.
  • the columns 21 are arranged so that their envelope is a regular hexagon in cross section.
  • Eight subprojectiles 20 arranged one above the other form a column 21 , and nineteen such columns 21 are firmly fixed in the payload chamber 4 by the screwed-in axial fixing device 10 .
  • this axial fixing device 10 acts as a kind of plow or penetrator in the event of a projectile hit.
  • the projectile jacket 1 is designed in the region of the payload chamber 4 as a hollow cylinder 22 with additional recesses or grooves 23 running in the longitudinal axis direction of the projectile; 2 , six grooves 23 are provided in three groups of two grooves 23 , the groups being distributed at an angular distance of 120 degrees along the circumference of the payload chamber 4 , and the mutual distance between the groups being greater than the distance between the subprojectiles one Group.
  • the grooves 23 are eccentrically arranged cylindrical sector-shaped recesses.
  • These recesses or grooves 23 secure the sub-projectiles 20 or the columns 21 in cooperation with the axial fixing device against movements relative to the projectile jacket 1 , with a certain margin in the radial direction for accommodating manufacturing-related tolerances of the sub-projectiles but the relative angle of twist is as small as possible; on the other hand are formed by the grooves 23 axially extending frangible zones 24 at the points where the smallest wall thickness of the projectile jacket.
  • the mode of operation of the spin-stabilizable projectile to achieve sub-projectile hits is described below. If the detonator 15 is ignited, the projectile jacket 1 or the payload chamber 4 is opened via the detonator 16 and the opening charge 17 , with the subsequent discharge of the payload 5 or the subprojectile 20 relative to the projectile in the tangential direction. Due to the structural arrangement in the area of the opening charge 17 , the shock waves of the detonation act immediately in the radial direction and with a time delay in the axial direction.
  • the projectile jacket 1 is torn open laterally from the area of the guide band 8 and the payload chamber 4 is continuously opened along the predetermined breaking zones 24 from the back to the front, for example in the manner in which a zipper opens or a banana is peeled; the parts of the projectile jacket 1 thus freed are flung away under the action of the centrifugal force. Due to the damping arrangement 18 , the payload 4 is only slightly pressurized. The release of the undamaged subprojectile 20 is delayed and practically trouble-free. From now on, the sub-projectiles 20 forming the payload will continue to fly, individually spin-stabilized, at an acute angle of departure.
  • the result of the arrangement of the sub-projectiles 20 in nineteen coaxial columns 21 , each with different distances from the longitudinal axis of the project, and the trouble-free 'tier-wise' or cyclical release of the Subprojectile 20 can be seen.
  • the framed group of points 25 can be traced back to subprojectiles 20 from a first column at the greatest distance from the longitudinal axis of the project, ie adjacent to the projectile jacket, point 26A corresponding to the rearmost and point 26B to the foremost subprojectile of this column.
  • a projectile hit also called direct hit, occurs in cases in which no ignition took place arbitrarily or involuntarily before the projectile hit a target object.
  • the axial fixing device 10 which acts as a penetrator, also gives a good end ballistic effect in these cases.
  • 5a-5e show subprojectiles 20A-20E in various designs, only one column 21A-21E being shown in each case.
  • 5a shows subprojectiles 20A which are similar to the subprojectiles 20 described above.
  • 5b contains a column 21B with very short, practically disc-shaped sub-projectiles 20B , which allow very good swirl stabilization.
  • FIG. 5c a long subprojectile 20C which forms the entire column 21C is also possible; the illustrated embodiment is a partially projectile-stabilized sub-projectile.
  • FIG. 5d shows a sub-projectile 20D , which is also partially arrow-stabilized, two of which correspond to the length of the column 21D .
  • 5e shows subprojectiles 20e which have a spherical shape.
  • 6a-6c show three examples of subprojectiles 20E, 20F, 20G which are similar in their proportions to the subprojectiles of FIG. 5a , but have differently designed front parts.
  • the payload is always shown as a sub-projectile in the figures, other types of payloads are nevertheless possible; For example, payloads for generating false targets or for dazzling a flight destination, CHAFF or FLARE payloads can be provided in the weapon area. Subprojectiles of different types and with different purposes can be accommodated in a single projectile. In other areas of application of projectiles according to the invention, for example for meteorological and other purposes, numerous other payloads are conceivable. The invention is not intended to be limited by the examples given, but rather to be defined exclusively by the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Lens Barrels (AREA)
EP96110368A 1996-05-09 1996-06-27 Projectile porteur stabilisé en rotation Expired - Lifetime EP0806623B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/647,324 US5817969A (en) 1994-08-26 1996-05-09 Spin-stabilized projectile with payload
US647324 1996-05-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0806623A1 true EP0806623A1 (fr) 1997-11-12
EP0806623B1 EP0806623B1 (fr) 1999-09-15

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EP96110368A Expired - Lifetime EP0806623B1 (fr) 1996-05-09 1996-06-27 Projectile porteur stabilisé en rotation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US5817969A (fr)
EP (1) EP0806623B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2825153B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2179373C (fr)
DE (1) DE59603070D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2140761T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO308049B1 (fr)
SG (1) SG82562A1 (fr)

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DE102018005406B3 (de) 2018-07-06 2019-09-05 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Penetrator

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JP2007508524A (ja) 2003-10-14 2007-04-05 レイセオン・カンパニー 地雷防護システム
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US7334466B1 (en) * 2005-01-04 2008-02-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method and apparatus for predicting and evaluating projectile performance
US7814820B2 (en) * 2005-11-17 2010-10-19 Jay Menefee Method and apparatus for manufacturing wad-less ammunition
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SE545173C2 (en) 2017-11-28 2023-05-02 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Spin stabilized projectile and method for providing a horizontal dispersion pattern
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DE102018129786B4 (de) * 2018-11-26 2022-03-03 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Erprobungs- und/oder Übungsmunition
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US12253345B2 (en) * 2023-05-29 2025-03-18 John R. Tiffany Accurate, low recoil shotshell

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RU2156430C1 (ru) * 2000-01-19 2000-09-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Производственное объединение "АЛМАЗ" Корпус кассетной боевой части реактивного снаряда
DE102018005406B3 (de) 2018-07-06 2019-09-05 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Penetrator

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JP2825153B2 (ja) 1998-11-18
ES2140761T3 (es) 2000-03-01
CA2179373A1 (fr) 1997-11-10
JPH09303997A (ja) 1997-11-28
SG82562A1 (en) 2001-08-21
EP0806623B1 (fr) 1999-09-15
CA2179373C (fr) 2000-02-01
US5864086A (en) 1999-01-26
NO308049B1 (no) 2000-07-10
NO962567D0 (no) 1996-06-17
US5817969A (en) 1998-10-06
NO962567L (no) 1997-11-10
DE59603070D1 (de) 1999-10-21

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